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1再论中产阶级:理论、历史与类型学 兼及一种全球化的视野显示文摘The emergence of the middle class was closely related to the appearance of industrial society and its consequential constant changes in the social structure. Karl Marx and other theorists in the same camp were among the earliest scholars who discussed that topic. For a quite long period of time, the debate was mainly focused on the characteristics of the “new middle class.” The middle class, however, has undergone a categorical transformation from the old to the new middle-class, and furthermore, this transformation itself has signified the transition in social patterns from industrial to post-industrial society as well as economic globalization, both of which have contributed to the growth and global expansion of the middle class, having thus fundamentally renovated the middle class.周晓虹 2005社会2005,25,4:26
2阿房宫前殿遗址的考古勘探与发掘显示文摘The Epanggong Palace site of Qin period lies to the south of the Weihe River and to the west of the old Zaohe River course that extends 13 km west of Xi'an City. It stands opposite to the Qin capital Xianyang across the river. From October 2002 to December 2004, the Epanggong Palace Archaeological Team made a prospection on the anterior hall site,covering :350, 000 sq m, and revealed an area of 3, 000 sq m by trial and extensive excavations. The results include a rough understanding of the limits of the hall and the layout of its auxiliary buildings. It can be confirmed that the rammed earth foundations of the hall represents just the anterior hall of that of the Qin Epanggong Palace. What merits special notice is that there are no fire traces on the site of the anterior hall of the Qin Epanggong Palace, which forms a clear contrast to the archaeologically excavated Nos. 1-3 palaces in the Qin capital Xianyang that were destroyed by a great fire. Thus the excavations prove that the historically handed-down belief taking the Qin Epanggong Palace to have been fired by Xiang Yu is actually incorrect. There are no any building remains on the excavated hall foundations, which demonstrate that the anterior hall was not completed and that the Qin Epanggong Palace was destroyed not by fire。李毓芳 孙福喜 王自力 张建锋 2005考古学报2005,,2:17
3江苏高淳县薛城新石器时代遗址发掘简报显示文摘The Xuecheng site lies at Xuesi village of Xuecheng township, Gaochun county, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, on the southern shore of the Shijiu Lake. It was excavated in 1997, which resulted in the revelation of 115 Neolithic tombs and many ash-pits, house-foundations and fireplaces and the discovery of pottery, jade, stone and bone artifacts and quantities of animal remains. The cultural deposits can he divided into the upper, middle and lower layers, which are all simple in cultural content and represent the late, middle and upper phases respectively. The cultural aspect shows strong regional features distinctly different from the contemporary cultures of adjacent areas, which suggests that the remains can he named “Xuecheng cultural type. ” Chronologically, the early phase roughly corresponds to the middle and late Majiahang culture, the middle phase to the second period of Beiyinyangying culture or a little earlier than it, and the late phase to the middle and late Songze culture.周裕兴 王志高 张金喜 2000考古2000,,5:17
4重庆巫山麦沱古墓群第二次发掘报告显示文摘The first excavation at Maituo, Wushan, which revealed 19 tombs, basically clarified the cultural characteristics of the Han tombs in the cemetery and preliminarily established the periodization criteria for these tombs. Among the 13 tombs uncovered in the present second excavation besides four Han tombs, there are newly discovered burial types that belong to the Warring States, Southern Dynasties and Song. They provided new data for further research into the cultural features of this graveyard in different periods. The achievements in the present excavation consist mainly in the following two aspects,The first is the discovery of three tombs belonging to the late Warring States period. They represent the Chu cultural complex in an area dominated by the Qin State. The second is the revelation of an Eastern Han high-rank tomb in a good condition (M47). The tomb contains over 100 funeral objects, including objects in gold, silver, bronze and lacquer that reflect the tomb owner's wealth, as well as rare treasures of art, such as exquisite glazed pottery tombfigurines of dancers, lamps with toad-shaped stands, and large-sized pottery, tomb guardians, animals, human figures and statues of the Western Queen Mother that are represented in various positions. The unearthed pottery models of buildings, such as those of theatres and watchtowers delicate in workmanship and clear in layout, are valuable to studying Han architecture. These finds provide precious data for systematically studying Han period production technology, culture and art, building style, religion, and burial customs.尹检顺 谭远辉 2005考古学报2005,,2:17
5德国历史学派与19世纪经济学方法论之争的启示显示文摘In the mid-19th century, out of their dissatisfaction with the neglect of the economic theories about other countries’ experiences in the British classic economics, the economists in the German Historical School worked hard to construct an economic theory that was congruent to the developmental stage in their own country’s culture and history. Their deeply-cherished concern about the reality in a transitional era when Germany was approaching modernization drove them to propose that the living condition of the working class be improved by the power of the state. In the late 80’s of the same century, the Methodenstreit of German Historical School versus the Austrian School broke out, after which the mainstream economics was well on its way in terms of theoretical refinement and scrutiny, whereas the influence from the Historical School gradually subsided. Even so, the lessons from the Historical School are still enlightening to research in contemporary social sciences. This paper describes the unique basics in the theory building of the Historical School; explains the background and meaning of its academic origin, research methodology, and the Methodenstreit; and from there, discusses implications for contemporary social sciences.何蓉 2005社会2005,25,3:15
6盘龙城商代宫殿基址讨论显示文摘The large-sized rammed-earth building foundations on the Panlongcheng site at Huangpi are remains of early Shang period palace complex. The No. 1 Panlongcheng palace consists of four rooms with wooden-framed walls. The two rooms in the middle each have two doors on the northern and southern sides respectively;while the two end rooms have only southern doors. So the No. 1 palace must have been in the center of the whole building complex. The roof supported by peripheral columns and wooden-framed walls can be reconstructed to be hipped and single- or double- eaved. The hypothesis that the No. 1 palace may have had projecting-eaves columns has not been confirmed. The No. 2 palace is an open hall without peripheral walls and room division; its roof is supported by peripheral columns only. The idea of reconstructing it as a building with pilasters and multiple rooms seems to lack archaeological evidence. The remaining vestiges show that there were side corridors in the two flanks of the main hall of the No. 2 palace. Referring to the Shang period palace material unearthed from the Shang city-site at Yanshi and other localities, it can be inferred that either of the Nos. 1 and 2 palaces must have had an eastern corridor and a western one, and, in addition, the No. 2 palace must have had a southern corridor with a gate house. The Nos. 1--3 palaces of the Panlongcheng site formed three compounds located one behind another, and belonged to the type of court-and-living building complex. Among them the No. 2 palace was the outer court for holding great ceremonies, the No. 1 palace was the inner court for handling daily administrative affairs, and the No. 3 palace was the king and queen's living place. To the southeast of the No. 2 palace remains a group of rammed-earth house-foundations, which must have been left over from another type of palace building, possibly an ancestral temple. The remaining city-walls at Panlongcheng must have belonged to the peripheral city-walls. The palace area is in the northeast of the enclosed area, accounting for 1/4 of the total. If there were enclosing walls around the palace area, they must have been to the east of the northern gate of the peripheral city-walls and to the north of the eastern gate.杜金鹏 2005考古学报2005,,2:14
7略论西南地区早期平底双耳罐的源流及其族属问题显示文摘The rock-cut tomb and cist burial culture prevailed once in ancient southwest China.There have long been many discrepancies of views on its origin, evolution, periodization and ethnic attribution in academic circles. Based on an analysis of the pottery flat-bottomed amphoras that constitute its major characteristic feature, the present paper points out that these typical vessels were roughly distributed in the upper Minjiang River valley, western Sichuan, eastern Tibet, northwestern Yunnan, southwestern Sichuan, and the areas to the west of the Dianchi Lake and to the east of the Erhai Lake. Most of the amphoras recorded so far are unearthed from rock-cut and cist tombs while a small number from earthen-pit,brick-and-stone and brick-chambered burials. Those found in Yunnan are from earthen-pit and cist tombs. Through a systematic study of their typological classification, periodization and origin, the author comes to the conclusion that the emergence of these vessels resulted from the constant southward migration of nomads belonging to the Di-Qiang ethnic group in northwest China. The starting point of these vessels can be traced to the turn from the Xia to the Shang period. Latter, with the amalgamation of ethnic groups and the formation of a plural national unity in the Han Dynasty, these immigrants gradually changed their way of life from husbandry to settled farming, and in southwest China early-style flat-bottomed amphoras became extinct little by little. Therefore their lower limit was the Eastern Han period. Thus they were out of prevalence in the Eastern Han period. The above-described amphoras fall roughly into five types and further into several subtypes and styles, which represent respective temporal and spatial links of their evolutionary sequence. Their proto-type and similar forms must have originated from the Keshengzhuang Ⅱ, Qijia, Siba, and Kayao cultures in the northwest China. The cultural source and ethnic attribution of early-style flat-bottomed amphoras in the southwest China reflect clearly that from the Bronze Age to the early Iron Age, owing to the collision of civilizations and the acceleration of their development, a migration ware was again brought about in the ethnic history of west China. The southward migration of the Di-Qiang ethnic group from northwest China was an important origin of nationalities and their cultures in ancient southwest China.谢崇安 2005考古学报2005,,2:11
8商品房住宅区公共物业自治管理制度分析 以上海市水仙苑小区为例显示文摘The reform of the housing system in Shanghai has unexpectedly given rise to a self-governed property owners’ collective supervisory system, primarily in the form of Property Owners’ Supervisory Council (POSC), which has picked up some of the government’s administrative functions. Although this new, institutionalized management model has theoretically made democratic managerial participation at the grassroots level possible, it has brought about endless problems, overt and covert, shortly after its appearance, some of which are even alarming. A comprehensive analysis of the data collected over a long period of time has led to the conclusion that this system is a failure, attributable to the overt factor related to skills in reality and the covert “priori” factor that is masked by the former. The existence of such “priori” factor once again demonstrates the deep-rooted, traditional managerial logic: Positive operations is society need only to depend upon individuals’ unstable self-disciplined morality rather than to build a system. The current paper points out that any change in the socioeconomic structure that has long been subject to the power of politics is to inevitably incur a corresponding global structural accommodation, including politics itself. To respond to the two factors for the failure, system building in the two overlapping areas is a must.顾玫 2005社会2005,25,4:10
9河南杞县许村岗一号汉墓发掘简报显示文摘This tomb is a large-sized wooden-chamber pit at Xucungang, Zhulin township, Qixian county, Henan province. It has an earth-rammed mound at the top and a sloping tomb-passage at the southern end. In the pit is a circle of stone wall, the gap outside which is filled with charcoal, and the tomb bottom is covered with stoneslabs. The room within the walls is divided into two parts: the frontal for funeral objects and the rear for a wooden chamber and the coffin it encases. The chamber is triplex, built of narrow blocks of wood; the coffin, double, with the boards mortised together. Of the funeral objects, despite serious robbery, there remain jades, bronzes, irons, lacquered articles, and a number of “wu zhu” coins.Judging from the characteristic features of the tomb shape and grave goods, the tomb can be dated to the late Western Han period.丘刚 刘顺安 李合群 张武军 2000考古2000,,1:9
10“两廊一圈”与中国—东盟区域性物流中心建设显示文摘The cooperation of“Two Corridors and One Ring”between China and Vietnam is one of the most important components in the construction of China-ASEAN free trade area,in which Guangxi plays a very strategic role.With the“Two Corridors and One Ring”as a cutting point,to build a regional freight center in Guangxi will act as a propelling force to speed up the establishment of the free trade area.周毅 覃合 2005东南亚纵横2005,,6:7
11非物质文化遗产视角下的城市文化空间建构显示文摘一、城市文化空间与非物质文化遗产在《人类口头及非物质遗产代表作宣言》中,“文化空间”一词,被解释为“文化人类学的概念”,定义为“一个集中举行民间传统文化活动的场所”(a place in which popular and traditional cultural activities are concentrated)。陈虹:《试谈文化空间的概念与内涵》,《文物世界》,2006年第1期。“文化空间”定义中的核心词汇“场所”(place)并没有“空间”(space)所具有文化乃至哲学意义上的空间内涵,“place”是更趋近于物理空间的概念。尹笑非 2019河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)2019,46,5:3
12科技英语非限制性定语从句中“which”的回指与翻译——以Nature刊登的农业科技论文汉译为例显示文摘不少学者从多个方面对科技英语定语从句展开了深入讨论,但并未见有从非限制性定语从句关系代词的回指与汉译角度的研究。本文基于自建小语料库,探讨'which'的回指与汉译,着重讨论'which'汉译时还原成其先行词的几种技巧:完全还原、部分还原、总结性还原、零还原,使译文明确连贯,符合汉语表达习惯。孙静 顾飞荣 2015云南农业大学学报(社会科学版)2015,9,1:3
13The hydrothermal wave of large-Prandtl-number fluid in a shallow cavity显示文摘The hydrothermal wave was investigated numerically for large-Prandtl-number fluid (Pr = 105.6) in a shallow cavity with different heated sidewalls. The traveling wave appears and propagates in the direction opposite to the surface flow (upstream) in the case of zero gravity when the applied temperature difference grows and over the critical value. The phase relationships of the disturbed velocity,temperature and pressure demonstrate that the traveling wave is driven by the disturbed tem-perature,which is named hydrothermal wave. The hydrothermal wave is so weak that the oscillatory flow field and temperature distribution can hardly be observed in the liquid layer. The exciting mechanism of hydrothermal wave is analyzed and discussed in the present paper.TANG ZeMei & HU WenRui National Microgravity Laboratory,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100080,China 2007Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007,50,6:2
14初中英语语法教学浅探显示文摘语法教学贯穿于整个初中英语教学的始终。英文字典将grammar(语法)一词解释为“the rulesby which words change their forms and are combinedinto sentences”,学习英语需要遵循和掌握这种语言的构成规律,这也是学习英语的一条捷径。因此,语法教学对学生学习和运用英语具有重要作用。怎样提升语法教学的有效性是每个英语教师都要面对的课题。周素娟 许功广 2019基础教育参考2019,0,6:2
15浅析赞美诗演唱在农村教会中的发展及作用——以豫中某教堂为例显示文摘基督教赞美诗是根据圣经创作的,在教堂礼拜时集体演唱的赞美上帝诗歌。在英文中赞美诗被称为hymn,英文的注释是“a song of praise,esp.to God,use .one of the religious songs of the Christian church which all the people sing together during a service”,翻译为中文是一首赞美上帝的歌曲。王丽娟 2011群文天地(下半月)2011,,3:2
16王立新:《踌躇的霸权:美国崛起后的身份困惑与秩序追求(1913-1945)》显示文摘The years between 1913 and 1945 were a critical period in American diplomatic history which witnessed the transition of U.S.foreign policy from isolationism to liberal internationalism.Such a crucial transformation,expectedly,met with many obstacles and setbacks before internationalism finally carried the day.In A Hesitant Hegemony:America’s Search for National Identity and International Order after Its Emergence as a Great Power,1913-1945,Wang Lixin traces the vicissitudes of the development of liberal internationalism during this era.Wang Xinyang 2018World History Studies2018,5,2:2
17常规关系在借代翻译研究中的应用——含意理论在翻译技巧中的应用之二显示文摘This paper approaches interpretation of metonymies in translation from the angle of implicationalization,in the process of which stereotypical relations play an important role.It discusses semantic motivation and formulation of a metonymy and concerns itself with the contextual elements which bring the relevant association into prominence and with the mapping relations with the community as well.It suggests that to come at the right semantic orientation of the original,the translator should be alert to the ways the author sees the world and the principles by which the SL community establishes relations between one thing and another. [徐莉娜 1999上海翻译1999,,4:2
18关系代词which指人的情况显示文摘大家都知道,关系代词who/whom用来指人,that既可用来指物,也可用来指人,而which用来指物。但关系代词which在以下几种特殊情况下,也可用来指人。汪如文 2007语数外学习(高中版)2007,0,8:2
19Endozepine-4 levels are increased in hepatic coma显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the serum levels of endozepine-4,their relation with ammonia serum levels,the grading of coma and the severity of cirrhosis,in patients with hepatic coma. METHODS:In this study we included 20 subjects with Hepatic coma,20 subjects with minimal hepatic encephalopathy(MHE) and 20 subjects control. All subjects underwent blood analysis,Child Pugh and Model for End- stage liver disease(MELD) assessment,endozepine-4 analysis. RESULTS:Subjects with hepatic coma showed significant difference in endozepine-4(P < 0.001) and NH3 levels(P < 0.001) compared both to MHE and controls patients. Between NH3 and endozepine-4 we observed a significant correlation(P = 0.009; Pearson correlation 0.570). There was a significant correlation between endozepine-4 and MELD(P = 0.017; Pearsoncorrelation = 0.529). In our study blood ammonia concentration was noted to be raised in patients with hepatic coma,with the highest ammonia levels being found in those who were comatose. We also found a high correlation between endozepine-4 and ammonia(P < 0.001). In patients with grade Ⅳ hepatic coma,endozepine levels were significantly higher compared to other groups. CONCLUSION:This study suggests that an increased level of endozepine in subjects with higher levels of MELD was observed. In conclusion,data concerning involvement of the GABA-ergic system in HE coma could be explained by stage-specific alterations.Giulia Malaguarnera Marco Vacante Filippo Drago Gaetano Bertino Massimo Motta Maria Giordano Michele Malaguarnera 2015World Journal of Gastroenterology2015,21,30:2
20基于“W理论”的章首课教学——“一元二次方程”章首课实录与点评显示文摘1“w理论”简述 “w理论”中“w”是指以下几个常见含字母“w”的英文单词.如“what,why,how,who,which,when,where”等.由于这几个单词的含义包含了一般事件进程的必备要素,因此,根据不同工作的特性逐渐形成了针对不同行业工作的“w理论”.徐小建(执教) 李庾南(点评) 2011中学数学杂志(初中版)2011,,6:2
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