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| 1 | Actual evapotranspiration of subalpine meadows in the Qilian Mountains, Northwest China显示文摘As a main component in water balance,evapotranspiration(ET)is of great importance for water saving,especially in arid and semi-arid areas.In this study,the FAO(Food and Agriculture Organization)Penman-Monteith model was used to estimate the magnitude and temporal dynamics of reference evapotranspiration(ET0)in 2014 in subalpine meadows of the Qilian Mountains,Northwest China.Meanwhile,actual ET(ETc)was also investigated by the eddy covariance(EC)system.Results indicated that ETc estimated by the EC System was 583 mm,lower than ET0(923 mm)estimated by the FAO Penman-Monteith model in 2014.Moreover,ET0 began to increase in March and reached the peak value in August and then declined in September,however,ETc began to increase from April and reached the peak value in July,and then declined in August.Total ETc and ET0 values during the growing season(from May to September)were 441 and 666 mm,respectively,which accounted for 75.73%of annual cumulative ETc and 72.34%of annual cumulative ET0,respectively.A crop coefficient(kc)was also estimated for calculating the ETc,and average value of kc during the growing season was 0.81(ranging from 0.45 to 1.16).Air temperature(Ta),wind speed(u),net radiation(Rn)and soil temperature(Ts)at the depth of 5 cm and aboveground biomass were critical factors for affecting kc,furthermore,a daily empirical kc equation including these main driving factors was developed.Our result demonstrated that the ETc value estimated by the data of kc and ET0 was validated and consistent with the growing season data in 2015 and 2016. | GAO Yunfei ZHAO Chuanyan Muhammad W ASHIQ WANG Qingtao RONG Zhanlei LIU Junjie MAO Yahua GUO Zhaoxia WANG Wenbin | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，3： | 8 |
| 2 | Assessment of Genetic Variation Within Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea) Germplasm Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers显示文摘Genetic diversity among 45 Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) genotypes comprising 37 germplasm collections, five advance breeding lines and three improved cultivars was investigated at the DNA level using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Fifteen primers used generated a total of 92 RAPD fragments, of which 81 (88%) were polymorphic. Of these, 13 were unique to accession 'Pak85559'. Each primer produced four to nine amplified products with an average of 6.13 bands per primer. Based on pairwise comparisons of RAPD amplification products, Nei and Li's similarity coefficients were calculated to evaluate the relationships among the accessions. Pairwise similarity indices were higher among the oilseed accessions and cultivars showing narrow ranges of 0.77-0.99. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages cluster analysis based on these genetic similarities placed most of the collections and oilseed cultivars close to each other, showing a low level of polymorphism between the accessions used. However, the clusters formed by oilseed collections and cultivars were comparatively distinct from that of advanced breeding lines. Genetically, all of the accessions were classified into a few major groups and a number of individual accessions. Advanced breeding lines were relatively divergent from the rest of the accessions and formed independent clusters. Clustering of the accessions did not show any pattern of association between the RAPD markers and the collection sites. A low level of genetic variability of oilseed mustard was attributed to the selection for similar traits and horticultural uses. Perhaps close parentage of these accessions further contributed towards their little diversity. The study demonstrated that RAPD is a simple and fast technique to compare the genetic relationship and pattern of variation among the gene pool of this crop. | Muhammad Ayub Khan Malik Ashiq Rabbani Muhammad Munir Saifullah Khan Ajmal Muhammad Azim Malik | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，4： | 2 |
| 3 | A novel symmetric 10 Gbit/s architecture with a single feeder fiber for WDM-PON based on chirp-managed laser显示文摘We propose the single feeder fiber architecture for wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network(WDM-PON)based on directly modulated chirp managed laser(CML).The downlink(DL)signal output from the laser is converted to return-to-zero(RZ)differential phase shift signal using a pulse carver.The downstream signal is reused as a carrier for the upstream using intensity modulation technique.Simulation results show the error-free performance at symmetric data rate of 10 Gbit/s per channel with negligible power penalty and improved receiver sensitivity for the uplink(UL),over 25 km standard single-mode fiber(SSMF).A low-cost and reduced circuitry network design is implemented on a single feeder fiber with the elimination of differential encoder and one external modulator. | Aftab Hussain 忻向军 Abdul Latif Ashiq Hussain 余重秀 Abid Munir Yousaf Khan Muhammad Idrees Afridi | 2012 | Optoelectronics Letters2012，8，6： | 2 |
| 4 | Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of Zr–Cd substituted strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12 O 19 ) nanoparticles显示文摘 | Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Muhammad Javed Iqbal Iftikhar Hussain Gul | 2009 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2009，，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solutions on activated charcoal显示文摘 | Muhammad J. Iqbal Muhammad N. Ashiq | 2006 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2006，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Physical, electrical and dielectric properties of Ca-substituted strontium hexaferrite (SrFe 12 O 19 ) nanoparticles synthesized by co-precipitation method显示文摘 | Muhammad Javed Iqbal Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Iftikhar Hussain Gul | 2009 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2009，，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of doping of Zr–Zn binary mixtures on structural, electrical and magnetic properties of Sr-hexaferrite nanoparticles显示文摘 | Muhammad Javed Iqbal Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Pablo Hernandez Gomez | 2008 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2008，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Structural,electrical,dielectric and magnetic properties of Mn-Nd substituted CoFeO_3 nano sized multiferroics显示文摘A series of Mn x Co_(1-x) Fe_(1-y) Nd_yO_3(where x=0.0–1.0 & y=0.0–0.1) multiferroic nanocrystals was synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)while morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The electrical resistivity was observed to increase from 2.14 * 10~7 to 8.77 * 10~9 Ω-cm and activation energy was found to increase from 0.64 to 0.75 e V, while the drift mobility decreased from 4.75 * 10^(-13) to 1.27 * 10^(-15)cm^2V^(-1)S^(-1) by the substitution of Mn and Nd contents. The dielectric constant, dielectric loss and dielectric loss factor decrease with frequency and Mn-Nd contents. The saturation magnetization was increased from 34 to 70 emu g^(-1) while the coercivity decreased from 705 to 262 Oe with the increase of substituents.The increase in electrical resistivity and saturation magnetization while decrease in dielectric parameters and coercivity make these nanomaterials suitable for applications in microwave devices and longitudinal magnetic recording media. | Abdul Aziz E.Ahmed Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Muhammad Azhar Khan Nazia Karamat Irshad Ali | 2016 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2016，26，4： | 1 |
| 9 | 锆酸锶纳米颗粒光催化还原二氧化碳的研究(英文)显示文摘全球变暖和能源危机使得人们开始同时关注二氧化碳和太阳能的利用.在本工作中,我们制备了Sr Zr O3纳米颗粒,并将其作为催化剂使二氧化碳转化为高能量附加值产品.我们利用超声化学法成功制备了Sr Zr O3纳米材料,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、BET比表面积分析、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)以及紫外-可见吸收光谱(UV/vis)等对样品进行了相应表征.将Sr Zr O3作为催化剂,在300W氙灯光源照射下进行光催化还原二氧化碳实验,结果表明乙醇、甲烷和一氧化碳是主要的光催化产物,反应进行4小时后,三种产物相应的产量分别为41、2.57和1.6μmol g-1.论文分析了三种产物生成的原因.本研究工作表明,Sr Zr O3纳米材料可以作为一种有效的催化剂应用于光催化还原二氧化碳. | Muhammad Naeem Ashiq 王艳杰 Muhammad Fahad Ehsan 贺涛 | 2015 | Science China Materials2015，58，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Towards cloud based big data analytics for smart future cities显示文摘 | Zaheer Khan Ashiq Anjum Kamran Soomro Muhammad Atif Tahir | 2015 | Journal of Cloud Computing2015，，： | 1 |
| 11 | Structural, electrical, dielectric and magnetic properties of Gd-Sn substituted Sr-hexaferrite synthesized by sol–gel combustion method显示文摘 | Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Sajeela Shakoor Muhammad Najam-ul-Haq Muhammad Farooq Warsi Irshad Ali Imran Shakir | 2015 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2015，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Synthesis, physical, magnetic and electrical properties of Al–Ga substituted co-precipitated nanocrystalline strontium hexaferrite显示文摘 | Muhammad Javed Iqbal Muhammad Naeem Ashiq Pablo Hernandez-Gomez Jose Maria Munoz | 2007 | Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials2007，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | GIS-based high-resolution spatial interpolation of precipitation in mountain–plain areas of Upper Pakistan for regional climate change impact studies显示文摘 | Muhammad Waseem Ashiq Chuanyan Zhao Jian Ni Muhammad Akhtar | 2010 | Theoretical and Applied Climatology2010，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | Structural and dielectric properties of doped ferrite nanomaterials suitable for microwave and biomedical applications显示文摘The sol-gel auto-combustion method was adopted to synthesize nanomaterials of single-phase X-type hexagonal ferrites with the composition of Sr_(2-x)Gd_xNi_2Fe_(28-y)Cd_yO_(46)(x=0.00,0.02,0.04,0.06,0.08,0.10 and y = 0,0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5).The structural properties were carried out by XRD analysis and the lattice parameters show variation with the doping of Gd-Cd.The average particle size measured by TEM was in the range of 8-10 nm which is beneficial in obtaining suitable signal-to-noise ratio in recording media and biomedical applications.The room temperature resistivity enhanced with the increase of the dopant concentration.The increase in resistivity indicates that the synthesized materials can be considered good for the formation of the multilayer chip inductors(MLCIs) as well as for the reduction of eddy current losses.The dielectric constant decreased with the increase in the frequency which is the general reported trend of the hexagonal ferrites and can be explained on the basis of Koop's theory and Maxwell-Wagner polarization-model.The abnormal dielectric behavior indicates the formation of small polarons in the material.The maximum value of tangent loss at low frequencies reflects the application of these materials in medium frequency devices(MF). | Imran Sadiq Shahzad Naseem Muhammad Naeem Ashiq M.A.Khan Shanawer Niaz M.U.Rana | 2015 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2015，25，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Breast cancer therapy by laser-induced Coulomb explosion of gold nanoparticles显示文摘Objective:Laser-induced Coulomb explosion of gold nanoparticles for breast cancer has been studied by nanophotolysis technique.This study aimed to investigate whether laser-induced bubble formation due to Coulomb explosion can provide an effective approach for selective damage of breast cancer with gold nanoparticles.Method:Numerical method involves laser-induced Coulomb explosion of gold nanoparticles.Different parameters related to nanophotolysis such as laser fluence,tumor depth,cluster radius,laser pulse duration,and bubble formation is studied numerically.Numerical simulation was performed using Mat lab.Results:The gold nanoparticles of 10,20,30,40,and 50 nm in radius could penetrate into tumor 1.14,1.155,1.189,1.20 and 1.22 cm in depth respectively.The maximum penetration depth in tumor could be obtained with nanoparticles of 50 nm radius.Short laser pulse of 40 ns with nanoparticles of 10 nm radius could penetrate into tumor 1.14 cm in depth.Bubbles with a radius of 9μm could effectively kill breast cancer cells without damaging healthy ones.The bubble radius increased from 4 to 9μm with an increase in pulse duration in the range of 10 to 30 ns.Conclusions:Gold nanoparticles with increasing radius and bubble formation for selective damage of breast cancer cells are successfully probed.The present calculated results are compared with other experimental findings,and good correlation is found between the present work and previous experimental values.It was demonstrated that bubble formation in tumor may further increase the efficacy of breast cancer treatment. | Muhammad Gul Bahar Ashiq Mohammad Alam Saeed Bashir Ahmad Tahir Noorddin Ibrahim Muhammad Nadeem | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2013，25，6： | 0 |
| 16 | Optimal Parameter Estimation of Transmission Line Using Chaotic Initialized Time-Varying PSO Algorithm显示文摘Transmission line is a vital part of the power system that connects two major points,the generation,and the distribution.For an efficient design,stable control,and steady operation of the power system,adequate knowledge of the transmission line parameters resistance,inductance,capacitance,and conductance is of great importance.These parameters are essential for transmission network expansion planning in which a new parallel line is needed to be installed due to increased load demand or the overhead line is replaced with an underground cable.This paper presents a method to optimally estimate the parameters using the input-output quantities i.e.,voltages,currents,and power factor of the transmission line.The equivalentπ-network model is used and the terminal data i.e.,sending-end and receiving-end quantities are assumed as available measured data.The parameter estimation problem is converted to an optimization problem by formulating an error-minimizing objective function.An improved particle swarm optimization(PSO)in terms of time-varying control parameters and chaos-based initialization is used to optimally estimate the line parameters.Two cases are considered for parameter estimation,the first case is when the line conductance is neglected and in the second case,the conductance is considered into account.The results obtained by the improved algorithm are compared with the standard version of the algorithm,firefly algorithm and artificial bee colony algorithm for 30 number of trials.It is concluded that the improved algorithm is tremendously sufficient in estimating the line parameters in both cases validated by low error values and statistical analysis,comparatively. | Abdullah Shoukat Muhammad Ali Mughal Saifullah Younus Gondal Farhana Umer Tahir Ejaz Ashiq Hussain | 2022 | Computers, Materials & Continua2022，，4： | 0 |
| 17 | Higher Concentrations and Ecological Risks of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants in Macrobrachium lamarrei from the Streams of Sialkot, Pakistan显示文摘 | Rizwan Ullah Riffat Naseem Malik Ashiq Muhammad Karam Ahad Muhammad Tariq Rehana Asghar Abdul Qadir | 2016 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)2016，6，1： | 0 |
| 18 | Applications of beneficial plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and mycorrhizae in rhizosphere and plant growth:A review显示文摘Because of climate change and the highly growing world population,it becomes a huge challenge to feed the whole population.To overcome this challenge and increase the crop yield,a large number of fertilizers are applied but these have many side effects.Instead of these,scientists have discovered beneficial rhizobacteria,which are environmentally friendly and may increase crop yield and plant growth.The microbial population of the rhizosphere shows a pivotal role in plant development by inducing its physiology.Plant depends upon the valuable interactions among the roots and microbes for the growth,nutrients availability,growth promotion,disease suppression and other important roles for plants.Recently numerous secrets of microbes in the rhizosphere have been revealed due to huge development in molecular and microscopic technologies.This review illustrated and discussed the current knowledge on the development,maintenance,interactions of rhizobacterial populations and various proposed mechanisms normally used by PGPR in the rhizosphere that encouraging the plant growth and alleviating the stress conditions.In addition,this research reviewed the role of single and combination of PGPR,mycorrhizal fungi in plant development and modulation of the stress as well as factors affecting the microbiome in the rhizosphere. | Ashiq Khan Zitong Ding Muhammad Ishaq Israr Khan Anum Ali Ahmed Abdul Qadir Khan Xusheng Guo | 2020 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2020，13，5： | 0 |
| 19 | Abundance,spatial distribution,and physical characteristics of microplastics in stormwater detention ponds显示文摘Despite extensive research on microplastics (MP) in marine environments, little is known about MP abundance and transport in terrestrial systems. There is, therefore, still little understanding of the main mechanisms driving the substantial transport of MP across different environmental compartments. Storm events can transport MP beyond boundaries, such as from the land to groundwater or the ocean, as has already been discovered for organic carbon transport. Urban stormwater detention ponds are suitable environments to study the impact of stormwater on the environmental fate and transport of MP. Herein, we investigate the longitudinal and vertical distribution of MP within two detention ponds with different physical characteristics. Soil samples were collected at various locations and from multiple depths (surface and subsurface layers) for measuring MP concentrations using fluorescence microscopy. Our findings show that MP are retained more near the inlet of the ponds, and MP of larger sizes were found more abundantly near inlets than outlets. We also found that MP mass and sizes decrease from surface soil to subsurface soil. In the pond, where vegetation (grass root network) was more considerable, MP were found more evenly distributed along the depth. In terms of shape, the fragments were the most abundant MP shape. | Muhammad Masood Ashiq Farhad Jazaei Kati Bell Ahmed Shakir Ali Ali Alireza Bakhshaee Peyman Babakhani | 2023 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2023，17，10： | 0 |
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