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| 1 | Aerodynamic Design Methodology for Blended Wing Body Transport显示文摘This paper puts forward a design idea for blended wing body(BWB).The idea is described as that cruise point,maximum lift to drag point and pitch trim point are in the same flight attitude.According to this design idea,design objectives and constraints are defined.By applying low and high fidelity aerodynamic analysis tools,BWB aerodynamic design methodology is established by the combination of optimization design and inverse design methods.High lift to drag ratio,pitch trim and acceptable buffet margin can be achieved by this design methodology.For 300-passenger BWB configuration based on static stability design,as compared with initial configuration,the maximum lift to drag ratio and pitch trim are achieved at cruise condition,zero lift pitching moment is positive,and buffet characteristics is well.Fuel burn of 300-passenger BWB configuration is also significantly reduced as compared with conventional civil transports.Because aerodynamic design is carried out under the constraints of BWB design requirements,the design configuration fulfills the demands for interior layout and provides a solid foundation for continuous work. | LI Peifeng ZHANG Binqian CHEN Yingchun YUAN Changsheng LIN Yu | 2012 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2012，25，4： | 29 |
| 2 | Rice functional genomics:decades'efforts and roads ahead显示文摘Rice(Oryza sativa L.)is one of the most important crops in the world.Since the completion of rice reference genome sequences,tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding the molecular mechanisms on various rice traits and dissecting the underlying regulatory networks.In this review,we summarize the research progress of rice biology over past decades,including omics,genome-wide association study,phytohormone action,nutrient use,biotic and abiotic responses,photoperiodic flowering,and reproductive development(fertility and sterility).For the roads ahead,cutting-edge technologies such as new genomics methods,high-throughput phenotyping platforms,precise genome-editing tools,environmental microbiome optimization,and synthetic methods will further extend our understanding of unsolved molecular biology questions in rice,and facilitate integrations of the knowledge for agricultural applications. | Rongzhi Chen Yiwen Deng Yanglin Ding Jingxin Guo Jie Qiu Bing Wang Changsheng Wang Yongyao Xie Zhihua Zhang Jiaxin Chen Letian Chen Chengcai Chu Guangcun He Zuhua He Xuehui Huang Yongzhong Xing Shuhua Yang Daoxin Xie Yaoguang Liu Jiayang Li | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，1： | 12 |
| 3 | Simultaneous quantification of several classes of antibiotics in water, sediments, and fish muscles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry显示文摘为表面水,沉积,和鱼肌肉里的抗菌素,包括的磺胺, fluoroquinolones, macrolides,四圜素,和 trimethoprim 的不同的班的同时的决心的精确、敏感的方法被开发。在水样品,药被递给 1000 水的 mL 通过与稳固阶段的抽取(SPE ) 提取吸水脂性平衡(HLB ) SPE 子弹。沉积样品是提取溶剂的,由双人脚踏车 SPE (强壮的阴离子交换(萨克斯风管)+ HLB ) 列在后面大扫除。鱼肌肉被 acetonitrile 和柠檬性的缓冲区的混合物提取(80:20, v/v ) 答案,并且由 SPE 清洗了。有监视的多重反应(MRM ) 的液体层析双人脚踏车团 spectrometry (LC-MS/MS ) 察觉被采用确定所有混合物。为刺的水,沉积,和鱼样品里的抗菌素的恢复分别地是 60.2%95.8% , 48.1%105.3% ,和 59.8%103.4% 。方法被用于从达恩奇·莱克,拿的样品中国。它证明检测抗菌素的集中从 quantification (LOQ ) 的限制到 713.6 ng 獵瀭畬 ????? 猯'T ￣慮潮吗?? | Yimei WEI Yuan ZHANG Jian XU Changsheng GUO Lei LI Wenhong FAN | 2014 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2014，8，3： | 10 |
| 4 | Decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds:Recent trends and emerging strategies in tissue engineering显示文摘The application of scaffolding materials is believed to hold enormous potential for tissue regeneration.Despite the widespread application and rapid advance of several tissue-engineered scaffolds such as natural and synthetic polymer-based scaffolds,they have limited repair capacity due to the difficulties in overcoming the immunogenicity,simulating in-vivo microenvironment,and performing mechanical or biochemical properties similar to native organs/tissues.Fortunately,the emergence of decellularized extracellular matrix(dECM)scaffolds provides an attractive way to overcome these hurdles,which mimic an optimal non-immune environment with native three-dimensional structures and various bioactive components.The consequent cell-seeded construct based on dECM scaffolds,especially stem cell-recellularized construct,is considered an ideal choice for regenerating functional organs/tissues.Herein,we review recent developments in dECM scaffolds and put forward perspectives accordingly,with particular focus on the concept and fabrication of decellularized scaffolds,as well as the application of decellularized scaffolds and their combinations with stem cells(recellularized scaffolds)in tissue engineering,including skin,bone,nerve,heart,along with lung,liver and kidney. | Xuewei Zhang Xi Chen Hua Hong Rubei Hu Jiashang Liu Changsheng Liu | 2022 | Bioactive Materials2022，7，4： | 10 |
| 5 | Superplastic Solid-Phase Welding of 40 Cr-T10A Steel显示文摘The microstructure of 40Cr and T10A steel sample and its surface to be welded is ultra-fined through salt-bath cyclic quenching and high frequency hardening, then the surface is cleaned. Under non-vacuum and no shielded gas, the welding parameter of isothermal superplastic solidphase welding and the effect of surface microstructure prior to pressure welding on the quality of joint are studied. At the temperature of 730~750°C and at initial strain rate of (2~4) × 10-4 s-1,the strength of the joint is up to or close to that of 40Cr base metal in 3~5 min pressure welding. | Keke ZHANG Yunlin YANG Changsheng WANG Hongke LI Jin XUE | 2001 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2001，17，1： | 10 |
| 6 | BLT1 in dendritic cells promotes Th1/Th17 differentiation and its deficiency ameliorates TNBS-induced colitis显示文摘Leukotriene B4(LTB4)synthesis is enhanced in the colonic mucosa in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).BLT1,a highaffinity receptor for LTB4,exhibits no effect on the progression of dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis,which mostly relies on innate immunity.Here,we reported that BLT1 regulates trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis,which reflects CD4+T-cell-dependent adaptive immune mechanisms of IBD.We found that BLT1 signaling enhanced the progression of colitis through controlling the production of proinflammatory cytokines by dendritic cells(DCs)and modulating the differentiation of Th1 and Th17.BLT1−/−mice displayed an alleviated severity of TNBS-induced colitis with reduced body weight loss and infiltrating cells in the lamina propria.BLT1 deficiency in DCs led to reduced production of proinflammatory cytokines,including IL-6,TNF-α,and IL-12,and these results were further confirmed via treatment with a BLT1 antagonist.The impaired cytokine production by BLT1−/−DCs subsequently led to reduced Th1 and Th17 differentiation both in vitro and in vivo.We further performed a conditional DC reconstitution experiment to assess whether BLT1 in DCs plays a major role in regulating the pathogenesis of TNBS-induced colitis,and the results indicate that BLT1 deficiency in DCs also significantly reduces disease severity.The mechanistic study demonstrated that BLT1-regulated proinflammatory cytokine production through the Gαiβγsubunit-phospholipase Cβ(PLCβ)-PKC pathway.Notably,we found that treatment with the BLT1 antagonist also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines by human peripheral blood DCs.Our findings reveal the critical role of BLT1 in regulating adaptive immunity and TNBS-induced colitis,which further supports BLT1 as a potential drug target for adaptive immunity-mediated IBD. | Jinfeng Zhou Weiming Lai Wanjie Yang Juping Pan Hu Shen Yingying Cai Cuixia Yang Ningjia Ma Yue Zhang Ru Zhang Xin Xie Zhongjun Dong Yuan Gao Changsheng Du | 2018 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2018，15，12： | 9 |
| 7 | Impacts of oceanographic factors on interannual variability of the winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid abundance in the Northwest Pacific Ocean显示文摘The neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii is an economically important species in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii is highly susceptible to climatic and oceanic factors. In this study, we have examined the impacts of climate variability and local biophysical environments on the interannual variability of the abundance of the western winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii over the period of 1995–2011. The results showed that the squid had experienced alternant positive and negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO) over the past 17 years during which five El Ni?o and eight La Ni?a events occurred. The catch per unit effort(CPUE) was positively correlated with the PDO index(PDOI) at a one-year time lag. An abnormally warm temperature during the La Ni?a years over the positive PDO phase provided favorable oceanographic conditions for the habitats of O.bartramii, whereas a lower temperature on the fishing ground during the El Ni?o years over the negative PDO phase generally corresponded to a low CPUE. The same correlation was also found between CPUE and Chl a concentration anomaly. A possible explanation was proposed that the CPUE was likely related to the climateinduced variability of the large-scale circulation in the Northwest Pacific Ocean: high squid abundance often occurred in a year with a significant northward meander of the Kuroshio Current. The Kuroshio Current advected the warmer and food-rich waters into the fishing ground, and multiple meso-scale eddies arising from current instability enhanced the food retention on the fishing ground, all of which were favorable for the life stage development of the western squid stocks. Our results help better understand the potential process that the climatic and oceanographic factors affect the abundance of the winter-spring cohort of O. bartramii in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. | YU Wei CHEN Xinjun CHEN Changsheng ZHANG Yu | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，10： | 9 |
| 8 | An Incremental Algorithm to Feature Selection in Decision Systems with the Variation of Feature Set显示文摘Feature selection is a challenging problem in pattern recognition and machine learning. In real-life applications, feature set in the decision systems may vary over time. There are few studies on feature selection with the variation of feature set. This paper focuses on this issue, an incremental feature selection algorithm in dynamic decision systems is developed based on dependency function. The incremental algorithm avoids some recomputations, rather than retrain the dynamic decision system as new one to compute the feature subset from scratch. We firstly employ an incremental manner to update the new dependency function, then we incorporate the calculated dependency function into the incremental feature selection algorithm. Compared with the direct(non-incremental) algorithm, the computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm is improved. The experimental results on different data sets from UCI show that the proposed algorithm is effective and efficient. | QIAN Wenbin SHU Wenhao YANG Bingru ZHANG Changsheng | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Electronics2015，24，1： | 8 |
| 9 | Investigation of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy for potential application of biodegradable esophageal stent material显示文摘In recent years,due to unhealthy dietary habits and other reasons,advanced esophageal cancer patients are on the rise,threatening human health and life safety at all times.Stents implantation as an important complementary or alternative method for chemotherapy has been widely applied in clinics.However,the adhesion and proliferation of pathological cells,such as tumor cells,fibroblasts and epithelial cells,may interfere the efficacy of stents.Further multiple implantation due to restenosis may also bring pain to patients.In this contribution,we preferred a biodegradable material Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy for potential application of esophageal stent.The hardness testing showed that Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy owned less mechanical properties compared with the commercial esophageal stents material,317L stainless steel(317L SS),while Mg–Zn–Y–Nd displayed significantly better biodegradation than 317L SS.Cell apoptosis assay indicated Mg–Zn–Y–Nd inhibited adhesion and proliferation of tumor cells,fibroblasts and epithelial cells.Our research suggested potential application of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd alloy as a novel material for biodegradable esophageal stent. | Shuo Wang Xueqi Zhang Jingan Li Changsheng Liu Shaokang Guan | 2020 | Bioactive Materials2020，5，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Noise-sidebands-free and ultra-low-RIN 1.5 μm single-frequency fiber laser towards coherent optical detection显示文摘A noise-sidebands-free and ultra-low relative intensity noise(RIN) 1.5 μm single-frequency fiber laser is demonstrated for the first time to our best knowledge. Utilizing a self-injection locking framework and a booster optical amplifier, the noise sidebands with relative amplitudes as high as 20 dB are completely suppressed.The RIN is remarkably reduced by more than 64 dB at the relaxation oscillation peak to retain below-150 dB∕Hz in a frequency range from 75 kHz to 50 MHz, while the quantum noise limit is -152.9 d B∕Hz.Furthermore, a laser linewidth narrower than 600 Hz, a polarization-extinction ratio of more than 23 dB, and an optical signal-to-noise ratio of more than 73 dB are acquired simultaneously. This noise-sidebands-free and ultralow-RIN single-frequency fiber laser is highly competitive in advanced coherent light detection fields including coherent Doppler wind lidar, high-speed coherent optical communication, and precise absolute distance coherent measurement. | QILAI ZHAO ZHITAO ZHANG BO WU TIANYI TAN CHANGSHENG YANG JIULIN GAN HUIHUI CHENG ZHOUMING FENG MINGYING PENG ZHONGMIN YANG SHANHUI XU | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，4： | 7 |
| 11 | Numerical simulation of the segmentation of the stress state of the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Xiaojiang faults显示文摘We established a three-dimensional finite element model of the Anninghe-Zemuhe-Xiaojiang faults region using contact surfaces of different sizes to describe the spatial segmentation characteristics of the faults. Our model is based on constraints from GPS observations, models of the crust and upper mantle, precise earthquake locations, the tectonic stress field, the slip rate of the faults, and the rheology of the lithosphere in the Sichuan-Yunnan area. Considering the influence of strong earthquakes since A.D. 1327, we analyzed the main controlling factors of the characteristics of the strong earthquakes and also studied by numerical simulation the possible areas of future earthquake risk and their relationship with tectonic stress. The numerical results showed that the gravitational potential energy of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the interaction of adjacent blocks are the main kinetic factors affecting the characteristics of the tectonic stress distribution. There appears to be some correspondence between the distribution of tectonic stress and the b value; however, we also found that some low b value locations correspond to regions of lower stress. This contradiction may be the result of some comprehensive factors, such as the release of strain energy caused by strong earthquakes. | ZHU AiYu ZHANG DongNing JIANG ChangSheng | 2016 | Science China Earth Sciences2016，59，2： | 7 |
| 12 | Transformers in computational visual media:A survey显示文摘Transformers,the dominant architecture for natural language processing,have also recently attracted much attention from computational visual media researchers due to their capacity for long-range representation and high performance.Transformers are sequence-to-sequence models,which use a selfattention mechanism rather than the RNN sequential structure.Thus,such models can be trained in parallel and can represent global information.This study comprehensively surveys recent visual transformer works.We categorize them according to task scenario:backbone design,high-level vision,low-level vision and generation,and multimodal learning.Their key ideas are also analyzed.Differing from previous surveys,we mainly focus on visual transformer methods in low-level vision and generation.The latest works on backbone design are also reviewed in detail.For ease of understanding,we precisely describe the main contributions of the latest works in the form of tables.As well as giving quantitative comparisons,we also present image results for low-level vision and generation tasks.Computational costs and source code links for various important works are also given in this survey to assist further development. | Yifan Xu Huapeng Wei Minxuan Lin Yingying Deng Kekai Sheng Mengdan Zhang Fan Tang Weiming Dong Feiyue Huang Changsheng Xu | 2022 | Computational Visual Media2022，8，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Drone-based entanglement distribution towards mobile quantum networks显示文摘Satellites have shown free-space quantum-communication ability;however,they are orbit-limited from full-time all-location coverage.Meanwhile,practical quantum networks require satellite constellations,which are complicated and expensive,whereas the airborne mobile quantum communication may be a practical alternative to offering full-time all-location multi-weather coverage in a cost-effective way.Here,we demonstrate the first mobile entanglement distribution based on drones,realizing multi-weather operation including daytime and rainy nights,with a Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt S-parameter measured to be 2.41±0.14 and 2.49±0.06,respectively.Such a system shows unparalleled mobility,flexibility and reconfigurability compared to the existing satellite and fiber-based quantum communication,and reveals its potential to establish a multinode quantum network,with a scalable design using symmetrical lens diameter and single-mode-fiber coupling.All key technologies have been developed to pack quantum nodes into lightweight mobile platforms for local-area coverage,and arouse further technical improvements to establish wide-area quantum networks with high-altitude mobile communication. | Hua-Ying Liu Xiao-Hui Tian Changsheng Gu Pengfei Fan Xin Ni Ran Yang Ji-Ning Zhang Mingzhe Hu Jian Guo Xun Cao Xiaopeng Hu Gang Zhao Yan-Qing Lu Yan-Xiao Gong Zhenda Xie Shi-Ning Zhu | 2020 | National Science Review2020，7，5： | 6 |
| 14 | Perception of people for the risk of Tianwan nuclear power plant显示文摘A questionnaire survey of residents’risk perceptions related to Taiwan nuclear power plant in China was carried out to explore the determining factors that affect individual risk perception.This study proposed to pursue a more comprehensive understanding of factors that affected individual risk perception to nuclear power plants.Covariance structure analysis was conducted using risk perceptions of nuclear power as dependent variable and including interest and knowledge levels of nuclear power,acceptability,benefit perception,trust in nuclear power operation,and trust in government as independent variables.The use of the hypothesis of Elaboration likelihood model(ELM)was also proposed.The results showed that persons with higher levels of interest and knowledge of nuclear power had their own perceptions of risk closely associated with acceptability and potential benefits of nuclear power.In contrast,persons with no interest in and knowledge of nuclear power would have risk perceptions related to their trust in nuclear operation and the government,which partially supported the ELM hypothesis.All these results indicated that the government in China plays an important role in rational risk perceptions,and well-designed communication of risks will help the public to be involved in risk management and improve people’s rational acceptance of risk. | Lei HUANG Jun BI Bing ZHANG Fengying LI Changsheng QU | 2010 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2010，4，1： | 6 |
| 15 | Novel approach to control adsorbent aggregation: iron fixed bentonite-fly ash for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) removal from aqueous media显示文摘 | Teza Mwamulima Xiaolin Zhang Yongmei Wang Shaoxian Song Changsheng Peng | 2018 | Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering2018，12，2： | 5 |
| 16 | Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing,China显示文摘In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m^3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m^3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2^+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2^+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m^3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m^3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation. | Peng Xu Junke Zhang Dongsheng Ji Zirui Liu Guiqian Tang Changsheng Jiang Yuesi Wang | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，1： | 5 |
| 17 | Scalable and ultrafast epitaxial growth of single-crystal graphene wafers for electrically tunable liquid-crystal microlens arrays显示文摘The scalable growth of wafer-sized single-crystal graphene in an energy-efficient manner and compatible with wafer process is critical for the killer applications of graphene in high-performance electronics and optoelectronics. Here, ultrafast epitaxial growth of single-crystal graphene wafers is realized on singlecrystal Cu90Ni10(1 1 1) thin films fabricated by a tailored two-step magnetron sputtering and recrystallization process. The minor nickel(Ni) content greatly enhances the catalytic activity of Cu, rendering the growth of a 4 in. single-crystal monolayer graphene wafer in 10 min on Cu90Ni10(1 1 1), 50 folds faster than graphene growth on Cu(1 1 1). Through the carbon isotope labeling experiments, graphene growth on Cu90Ni10(1 1 1) is proved to be exclusively surface-reaction dominated, which is ascribed to the Cu surface enrichment in the Cu Ni alloy, as indicated by element in-depth profile. One of the best benefits of our protocol is the compatibility with wafer process and excellent scalability. A pilot-scale chemical vapor deposition(CVD) system is designed and built for the mass production of single-crystal graphene wafers, with productivity of 25 pieces in one process cycle. Furthermore, we demonstrate the application of single-crystal graphene in electrically controlled liquid-crystal microlens arrays(LCMLA), which exhibit highly tunable focal lengths near 2 mm under small driving voltages. By integration of the graphene based LCMLA and a CMOS sensor, a prototype camera is proposed that is available for simultaneous light-field and light intensity imaging. The single-crystal graphene wafers could hold great promising for highperformance electronics and optoelectronics that are compatible with wafer process. | Bing Deng Zhaowei Xin Ruiwen Xue Shishu Zhang Xiaozhi Xu Jing Gao Jilin Tang Yue Qi Yani Wang Yan Zhao Luzhao Sun Huihui Wang Kaihui Liu Mark H. Rummeli Lu-Tao Weng Zhengtang Luo Lianming Tong Xinyu Zhang Changsheng Xie Zhongfan Liu Hailin Peng | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，10： | 4 |
| 18 | Pulsed Nd:YAG laser cladding of high silicon content coating on low silicon steel显示文摘A pulsed Nd:YAG (yttrium aluminum garnet) laser-based technique was employed to clad low silicon steel with preplaced Si and Fe mixed powders for high Si content. The surface morphology, microstructural evolution, phase composition, and Si distribution, within the obtained cladding coatings, were characterized by optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), with associated energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microhardness was also measured along the depth direction of the specimens. A crack-and pore-free cladding coating through excellent metallurgical bonding with the substrate was successfully prepared on low silicon steel by means of optimized sin-gle-track and multi-track laser cladding. The phases of the coating are α-Fe, γ-Fe, and FeSi. The high microhardness of the la-ser-cladding zone is considered as an increase in Si content and as the refined microstructure produced by the laser treatment. The Si contents of the cladding coatings were about 5.8wt/ in the single-track cladding and 6.5wt/ in the multi-track cladding, respectively. | Danyang Dong Changsheng Liu Bin Zhang Jun Miao | 2007 | Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2007，14，4： | 4 |
| 19 | Phosphorus removal by constructed wetland treating agricultural runoff in Dianchi region of China显示文摘 | Shaoyong LU Pengyi ZHANG Changsheng XIANG | 2006 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2006，25，B08： | 4 |
| 20 | FATIGUE DAMAGE CALCULATED BY RATIO-METHOD TO METALLIC MATERIALS WITH SMALL CRACK UNDER UNSYMMETRIC CYCLIC LOADING显示文摘基于立场也为裂缝尺寸拿是象损坏变量一样的一个损坏变量,借助于二方向的坐标系统,小裂缝生长率上的几个新计算方程为描述一些金属性的材料的 theelastic 塑料的行为被建议。并且生命的评价公式也相对改变的小快克被建议在装载历史的各个的尺寸,它是 unsymmetric 周期的装载。在计算方法,作为一个装载压力紧张参数拉紧范围与塑料采用比率到有弹性的种类范围,并且作为用在损坏计算表示的典型材料参数的材料常数,综合材料常数的一个新概念,它与典型材料常数有功能的关系,平均应力,一般水准训练,批评装载时间被给出。另外,汽车的部分的疲劳损坏被放多达作为一个例子计算,它的计算结果与 Landgraf 的方程,和计算精确是一致的是更严密的,能那么避免不必要的疲劳测试并且将具有节省时间上的实际意义,人力和首都,以及为设计应用的便利。 | YU Yangui LIU Xiang ZHANG Changsheng TAN Yanhua | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2006，19，2： | 3 |
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