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| 1 | Linkage between the dominant modes in Pacific subsurface ocean temperature and the two type ENSO events显示文摘We investigate the variations of subsurface ocean temperature(SOT) based on the monthly-Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) during 1958-2007,and discuss the linkage between the variations of SOT and the eastern and central Pacific ENSO(EP and CP-ENSO) events.The wavelet analyses suggest that the variation of the EP and CP-ENSO events shows the 2-7 and the 10-15 years oscillation in the tropical sea surface temperature(SST),and coupled with a zonal dipole mode and a tripole mode in the SOT anomalous field reveled by the singular value decomposition(SVD) analysis.During the mature phase of CP-ENSO,the positive center of SOT at the subsurface layer locates in the west of dateline,which results in the increase of SOT in the Ni o4 region and causes the CP-ENSO event.Statistical analysis implies that,the eastern and central Pacific subsurface indices which are defined by the expansion coefficients of the first and third SVD mode for SOT have shown the capabilities in disguising the EP and CP-ENSO events,respectively.In addition,corresponding to the increase of the SOT amplitude on the 10-15 years time scale,we found that the frequency and intensity of CP-El Ni o events has exhibited an upward trend after the 1980s,which suggests that the CP-ENSO event has shown an enhanced impact on the global climate in the past decades. | XU Kang ZHU CongWen HE JinHai | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，26： | 23 |
| 2 | How would global-mean temperature change in the 21st century?显示文摘The time series of HadCRUT3 global-mean surface air temperature(GSAT) anomaly,Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO) index,and the equatorial Pacific sea surface temperature(SST) were utilized,and their long-term trends and multiple time-scale periodic oscillations were explored in this study.A long-term trend with a warming rate about 0.44°C /century during 1850-2008,two cool floors occurred respectively around 1910 and during 1950-1970,and three warm flats happened in the 1870s,1940s and since the year 1998 were found in the GSAT.In this duration,the variability of GSAT can be well reconstructed by the quasi-21-year,the quasi-65-year,and century-scale oscillations.The recent decadal warm flat is caused by their positive phase overlapping from these three oscillations.The maximum rising temperature reached 0.26°C was simulated in 2004 by the three oscillations.The quasi-21-year and the quasi-65-year oscillations were possibly caused by solar radiation and internal variability of the ocean-atmosphere system.Therefore,an outlook of GSAT for the 21st century was made based on the long-term trend and these three oscillations.It was expected that a cool floor and a warm flat of the GSAT would appear in the 2030s and 2060s,respectively.However,the highest warming range is predicted about 0.6°C,it is less than the threshold 2°C and IPCC projection. | QIAN WeiHong LU Bo ZHU CongWen | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，19： | 20 |
| 3 | Onset of East Asian subtropical summer monsoon and rainy season in China显示文摘Here we use harmonic analyses to examine seasonal variations of China land rainfall, low-level winds, and atmospheric heating over East Asia during spring to summer and the associated subtropical summer monsoon activities. Our results indicate that the South China spring rainfall (SCSR) in March is the prophase of East Asian sub-tropical summer monsoon (EASSM), and the onset of EASSM and China summer rainy season starts in early April, characterized by the enhanced rainfall in South China and the seasonal reverse of zonal land-sea thermal contrast in sub-tropical East Asia. The EASSM onset is earlier than that of South China Sea summer monsoon, and it is active in east of 100?E and north of 20?N. Our analyses suggest that the subsequent heating appears over India-China Peninsula in March and South China in April and causes the low-level atmospheric warming and the zonal land-sea thermal contrast seasonal reverse in East Asian subtropics. The atmospheric heating over South China is the main force to drive the southwesterly winds, updrafts and strengthen the summer precipitation in South China. | ZHU CongWen ZHOU XiuJi ZHAO Ping CHEN LongXun HE JinHai | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，12： | 14 |
| 4 | Combined Impacts of Warm Central Equatorial Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Anthropogenic Warming on the 2019 Severe Drought in East China显示文摘A severe drought occurred in East China(EC)from August to October 2019 against a background of long-term significant warming and caused widespread impacts on agriculture and society,emphasizing the urgent need to understand the mechanism responsible for this drought and its linkage to global warming.Our results show that the warm central equatorial Pacific(CEP)sea surface temperature(SST)and anthropogenic warming were possibly responsible for this drought event.The warm CEP SST anomaly resulted in an anomalous cyclone over the western North Pacific,where enhanced northerly winds in the northwestern sector led to decreased water vapor transport from the South China Sea and enhanced descending air motion,preventing local convection and favoring a precipitation deficiency over EC.Model simulations in the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble Project confirmed the physical connection between the warm CEP SST anomaly and the drought in EC.The extremely warm CEP SST from August to October 2019,which was largely the result of natural internal variability,played a crucial role in the simultaneous severe drought in EC.The model simulations showed that anthropogenic warming has greatly increased the frequency of extreme droughts in EC.They indicated an approximate twofold increase in extremely low rainfall events,high temperature events,and concurrently dry and hot events analogous to the event in 2019.Therefore,the persistent severe drought over EC in 2019 can be attributed to the combined impacts of warm CEP SST and anthropogenic warming. | Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU Juan LIU | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，11： | 6 |
| 5 | Hepatitis C Virus Infection Downregulates the Ligands of the Activating Receptor NKG2D显示文摘Natural killer (NK) cells are a major component of the host innate immune defense against various pathogens. Several viruses, including hepatitis C virus (HCV), have developed strategies to evade the NK-cell response. In our study, we found HCV infection could trigger DNA damage response by both ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM- and Rad3-related (ATR) pathways. Recent reports had revealed that NKG2D ligands (NK cell-activating ligands) were upregulated when a major DNA damage checkpoint pathway was activated. However, here we found that DNA damage response was activated but NKG2D ligands were downregulated upon HCV infection. Further studies showed that the protease NS3/4A of HCV which had been shown relation with immune invasion contributed to the reduced expression of NKG2D ligands. These findings provide a novel insight into the mechanisms evolved by HCV to escape from the NK cell response. | Chaoyang Wen Xiang He Hongfang Ma Ningbo Hou Congwen Wei Ting Song Yanhong Zhang Liping Sun Qingjun Ma Hui Zhong | 2008 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2008，5，6： | 6 |
| 6 | A comparative study of the characteristics of two Coxsackie A virus type 16 strains (genotype B)显示文摘Coxsackie A virus is one of the major pathogens associated with hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD). The etiological characteristics of Coxsackie A virus type 16 (CA16) are thought to correlate with the pathological process of its infection. Two CA16 strains that were isolated from a severe HFMD patient presented with different plaque forms. This observation, along with biological analysis, indicated that the differences in the strains' biological characteristics, such as proliferation kinetics and immunogenicity, correlate with differences in their pathogenicity toward neonatal mice. Furthermore, these differences are thought to be associated with the sequence of the 5′ non-coding region of the viral genome and the VP1 structural region sequence. The results suggest that the biological and genetic characteristics of the CA16 viral strains are relevant to their pathogenicity. | YANG ErXia ZHAO Heng ZHANG Ying LIU JianSheng LIAO Yun WANG LiChun CUI PingFang YANG LiXian LIU LongDing DONG ChengHong DONG ShaoZhong SHAO CongWen JIANG Li SUN Le LI QiHan | 2012 | Science China(Life Sciences)2012，55，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Modeling impacts of East Asian Ocean-Land thermal contrast on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall in eastern China显示文摘Using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP–NCAR) reanalysis dataset, the NOAA’s Climate Prediction Center’s merged analysis of precipitation, and the MM5v3 Meso-scale Model, the impacts of surface temperature differences between the East Asian land and its adjacent oceans on spring southwesterly winds and rainfall over eastern China are studied. The modeling results show that the temperature differences exert strong influence on the occurrence of the southwesterly winds and rainfall over southern China and their northward advances. When surface temperature increases over the land and decreases over the oceans, the temperature gradient with a winter feature earlier changes toward the gradient with a summer feature. Both the low-pressure system east of the Tibetan Plateau and the subtropical high-pressure system over the western Pacific strengthen, accompanying with the strengthening of the lower-tropospheric southwesterly winds over eastern China. Accordingly, the upward motion increases over the Yangtze-Huaihe River (YHR) valleys and decreases over southern China, leading to an increase of spring rainfall over the YHR valleys and a decrease over southern China. Thus, the rain belt over eastern China appears over the YHR valleys but not over southern China. Under a weaker condition of the spring thermal contrast, the rain belt does not occur over eastern China. When the spring thermal contrast pronouncedly strengthens, the rain belt over southern China may advance northward into the YHR valleys during spring, though there is no onset of the tropical monsoon over the South China Sea. This forms a rain belt similar to that of the YHR valleys during the summer Meiyu period. | ZHAO Ping JIANG PinPing ZHOU XiuJi ZHU CongWen | 2009 | Chinese Science Bulletin2009，54，24： | 5 |
| 8 | Species abundance distribution models of Toona ciliata communities in Hubei Province,China显示文摘The study of plant species abundance distribution(SAD)in natural communities is of considerable importance to understand the processes and ecological rules of community assembly.With the distribution of tree,shrub and herb layers of eight natural communities of Toona ciliata as research targets,three diff erent ecological niche models were used:broken stick model,overlapping niche model and niche preemption model,as well as three statistical models:log-series distribution model,log-normal distribution model and Weibull distribution model,to fi t SAD of the diff erent vegetation layers based on data collected.Goodness-of-fi t was compared with Chi square test,Kolmogorov–Smirnov(K–S)test and Akaike Information Criterion(AIC).The results show:(1)based on the criteria of the lowest AIC value,Chi square value and K–S value with no signifi cant diff erence(p>0.05)between theoretic and observed SADs.The suitability and goodness-of-fi t of the broken stick model was the best of three ecological niche models.The log-series distribution model did not accept the fi tted results of most vegetation layers and had the lowest goodness-of-fi t.The Weibull distribution model had the best goodness-of-fi t for SADs.Overall,the statistical SADs performed better than the ecological ones.(2)T.ciliata was the dominant species in all the communities;species richness and diversity of herbs were the highest of the vegetation layers,while the diversities of the tree layers were slightly higher than the shrub layers;there were fewer common species and more rare species in the eight communities.The herb layers had the highest community evenness,followed by the shrub and the tree layers.Due to the complexity and habitat diversity of the diff erent T.ciliata communities,comprehensive analyses of a variety of SADs and tests for optimal models together with management,are practical steps to enhance understanding of ecological processes and mechanisms of T.ciliata communities,to detect disturbances,and to facilitate biodiversity and species conservation. | Yang Wang Huoming Zhou Jingyong Cai Congwen Song Linzhao Shi | 2021 | Journal of Forestry Research2021，32，1： | 4 |
| 9 | The Natural Oscillation of Two Types of ENSO Events Based on Analyses of CMIP5 Model Control Runs显示文摘The eastern- and central-Pacific El Nino-Southern Oscillation(EP- and CP-ENSO) have been found to be dominant in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and are characterized by interannual and decadal oscillation, respectively. In the present study, we defined the EP- and CP-ENSO modes by singular value decomposition(SVD) between SST and sea level pressure(SLP) anomalous fields. We evaluated the natural features of these two types of ENSO modes as simulated by the pre-industrial control runs of 20 models involved in phase five of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP5). The results suggested that all the models show good skill in simulating the SST and SLP anomaly dipolar structures for the EP-ENSO mode, but only 12 exhibit good performance in simulating the tripolar CP-ENSO modes. Wavelet analysis suggested that the ensemble principal components in these 12 models exhibit an interannual and multi-decadal oscillation related to the EP- and CP-ENSO, respectively. Since there are no changes in external forcing in the pre-industrial control runs, such a result implies that the decadal oscillation of CP-ENSO is possibly a result of natural climate variability rather than external forcing. | XU Kang SU Jingzhi ZHU Congwen | 2014 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2014，31，4： | 4 |
| 10 | Potential Impact of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Global Mean Surface Air Temperature显示文摘The undersea volcano,located in the South Pacific island nation of Tonga,violently erupted from 14 to 15 January 2022.The Tonga volcano eruption has aroused extensive discussion in the climate change field.Some climatologists believe that this event will cause little effect on global climate change while others insist that it will trigger“the year without a summer”as the Tambora eruption did in 1815.How will the Tonga volcano eruption affect global climate change?Based on the indices of past volcanic eruptions and the eruption data of El Chichón volcano in 1982,we use a simplified radiation equilibrium model to quantify the stratospheric aerosol radiative forcing and the change in global mean surface air temperature(Ts)caused by the Tonga volcano eruption.The results show that the global average Ts will decrease by about 0.0315-0.1118℃in the next 1-2 years.The Tonga eruption will slightly slow down the global warming in a short period of time,but it will not change the global warming trend in the long term.In addition,we propose a generalized approach for estimating the impact of future volcanic eruption on global mean T_(s). | Hua ZHANG Fei WANG Jian LI Yihong DUAN Congwen ZHU Jingyi HE | 2022 | Journal of Meteorological Research2022，36，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade显示文摘It has been suggested that a warm(cold)ENSO event in winter is mostly followed by a late(early)onset of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)in spring.Our results show this positive relationship,which is mainly determined by their phase correlation,has been broken under recent rapid global warming since 2011,due to the disturbance of cold tongue(CT)La Niña events.Different from its canonical counterpart,a CT La Niña event is characterized by surface meridional wind divergences in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific,which can delay the SCSSM onset by enhanced convections in the warming Indian Ocean and the western subtropical Pacific.Owing to the increased Indian−western Pacific warming and the prevalent CT La Niña events,empirical seasonal forecasting of SCSSM onset based on ENSO may be challenged in the future. | Ning JIANG Congwen ZHU | 2021 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2021，38，1： | 3 |
| 12 | Osteosarcoma cell proliferation and migration are partly regulated by redox-activated NHE-1显示文摘Background:Osteosarcoma(OS)is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents.OS is associated with locally aggressive growth and high metastatic potential.The mechanisms that underlie these processes are currently elusive.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)and Na+/H+exchanger 1(NHE1)have been suggested to regulate proliferation and migration of tumor cells.However,the relationship between NHE1 and ROS in OS proliferation and migration has not been investigated before.Aim:To investigate the role of NHE1 and ROS in the proliferation and migration of OS.Methods:ROS levels and NHE1 expression were studied in cultured human OS cells and human OS xenografts in nude mice.In vitro,OS cells were treated with different doses of tert-butyl hydroperoxide(tBHP),a ROS inducer,and cariporide,an NHE1 inhibitor,to study the effect on cell proliferation and migration.In vivo,nude mice bearing OS cells were administrated with NHE1 inhibitor or antioxidant and the tumor weights were measured.Results:This study reported for the first time that the expression of NHE1 and intracellular ROS level were both increased in OS tissues and cells.Exposure of OS cell to ROS derived from tBHP was able to accelerate cell proliferation and migration and also up-regulate NHE1 protein expression.Moreover,tBHP significantly increased intracellular pH(pHi),decreased extracellular pH(pHe)and induced upregulation of ERK,MMP2,and MMP9.Lowering of ROS levels with the anti-oxidant DMTU or inhibiting NHE1 activity via cariporide abolished the stimulatory effect of tBHP.However,there cariporide did not affect intracellular ROS levels.In vivo study we further confirmed that cariporide could inhibit tumor growth in the nude mouse xenografts of OS cells.Conclusions:The data demonstrate that up-regulation of NHE1 was induced by low concentrations of ROS contributes to the regulation of tumor proliferation and invasion of OS.Relevance for patients:There is potential application for cariporide as an effective antitumor agent during the development of human osteosarcoma.In addition,redox modulation on proton transport may represent a novel target of osteosarcoma prevention,and open a new avenues for future research. | Hua Bai Guojing Chen Congwen Fang Xuekang Yang Sixun Yu Chunxu Hai | 2015 | Journal of Clinical & Translational Research2015，1，3： | 2 |
| 13 | Decadal change of the East Asian summer monsoon and its related surface temperature in Asia-Pacific during 1880–2004显示文摘The East Asian summer monsoon(EASM)and its related change of surface temperature in the past century were not clearly addressed due to absence of atmospheric reanalysis data before 1948.On the benchmark of station-observed sea level pressure(SLP)in China,we utilized multiple SLP datasets and evaluated their qualities in measuring the SLP-based EASM index(EASMI).It is found that the EASMI based on the SLP of the Hadley center version 2(HadSLP2)has shown the best performance on the interannual and decadal time scales.Instead of showing a linear weakening trend pointed out by the previous study,the EASMI has likely exhibited the decadal variability,characterized by weakened trends during 1880–1906,1921–1936,and 1960–2004,and with enhanced trends during 1906–1921 and 1936–1960,respectively.Corresponding to the weakened and enhanced periods of EASMI since the 1920s,the surface air temperature(SAT)index(SATI)averaged in eastern China has likely shown a warming and a cooling trend,respectively.However,the decadal abrupt transitions between the two indices do not occur concurrently,which results in a weak correlation between two indices on the decadal time scale.Further analysis indicates that there are four key regions where the SAT is significantly correlated with the EASMI,suggesting the joint impact of surface temperature in Asia-Pacific on the EASM during 1880–2004.In which,the decadal change of SAT near the Lake Baikal plays an important role in the linear trends of the EASM before and after 1960. | LIN Xiang ZHU CongWen Lü JunMei | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，35： | 2 |
| 14 | 东亚季风年循环和位相异常导致的降水年际变化特征显示文摘基于1979-2016年资料分析,本文发现,东亚季风可以分解为春分和夏至两个模态,分别反映的是春夏和秋冬影响我国华南和大陆的环流降水特征。东亚夏季风的季节进程表现为春分模态向夏至模态的演变。在年际尺度上,春分和夏至模态的时间位相变化表现出显著的正相关,前冬的ENSO和西北太平洋海温变化可导致东亚季风年循环年际异常,进而造成华南和华北部分地区的冬夏和春秋降水隔季反向变化,这为我国跨季节的降水气候预测提供了理论依据。 | JIANG Song ZHU Congwen JIANG Ning | 2020 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2020，13，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Extreme Cold Events in North America and Eurasia in November-December 2022: A Potential Vorticity Gradient Perspective显示文摘From 17 November to 27 December 2022, extremely cold snowstorms frequently swept across North America and Eurasia. Diagnostic analysis reveals that these extreme cold events were closely related to the establishment of blocking circulations. Alaska Blocking(AB) and subsequent Ural Blocking(UB) episodes are linked to the phase transition of the North Atlantic Oscillation(NAO) and represent the main atmospheric regimes in the Northern Hemisphere. The downstream dispersion and propagation of Rossby wave packets from Alaska to East Asia provide a large-scale connection between AB and UB episodes. Based on the nonlinear multi-scale interaction(NMI) model, we found that the meridional potential vorticity gradient(PVy) in November and December of 2022 was anomalously weak in the mid-high latitudes from North America to Eurasia and provided a favorable background for the prolonged maintenance of UB and AB events and the generation of associated severe extreme snowstorms. However, the difference in the UB in terms of its persistence,location, and strength between November and December is related to the positive(negative) NAO in November(December). During the La Ni?a winter of 2022, the UB and AB events are related to the downward propagation of stratospheric anomalies, in addition to contributions by La Ni?a and low Arctic sea ice concentrations as they pertain to reducing PVyin mid-latitudes. | Yao YAO Wenqin ZHUO Zhaohui GONG Binhe LUO Dehai LUO Fei ZHENG Linhao ZHONG Fei HUANG Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU Tianjun ZHOU | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Congruence permutable Stone algebras显示文摘 | Luo Congwen | 2003 | Acta Math Sci2003，23，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Thymosin alpha-1-transformed Bifidobacterium promotes T cell proliferation and maturation in mice by oral administration显示文摘 | Congwen Shao Guojun Tian Yuanjian Huang Wenying Liang Hang Zheng Jiannan Wei Cheng Wei Cuilan Yang Hong Wang Weisen Zeng | 2013 | International Immunopharmacology2013，，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Opposing Trends of Winter Cold Extremes over Eastern Eurasia and North America under Recent Arctic Warming显示文摘Under recent Arctic warming,boreal winters have witnessed severe cold surges over both Eurasia and North America,bringing about serious social and economic impacts.Here,we investigated the changes in daily surface air temperature(SAT)variability during the rapid Arctic warming period of 1988/89–2015/16,and found the daily SAT variance,mainly contributed by the sub-seasonal component,shows an increasing and decreasing trend over eastern Eurasia and North America,respectively.Increasing cold extremes(defined as days with daily SAT anomalies below 1.5 standard deviations)dominated the increase of the daily SAT variability over eastern Eurasia,while decreasing cold extremes dominated the decrease of the daily SAT variability over North America.The circulation regime of cold extremes over eastern Eurasia(North America)is characterized by an enhanced high-pressure ridge over the Urals(Alaska)and surface Siberian(Canadian)high.The data analyses and model simulations show the recent strengthening of the high-pressure ridge over the Urals was associated with warming of the Barents–Kara seas in the Arctic region,while the high-pressure ridge over Alaska was influenced by the offset effect of Arctic warming over the East Siberian–Chukchi seas and the Pacific decadal oscillation(PDO)–like sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies over the North Pacific.The transition of the PDO-like SST anomalies from a positive to negative phase cancelled the impact of Arctic warming,reduced the occurrence of extreme cold days,and possibly resulted in the decreasing trend of daily SAT variability in North America.The multi-ensemble simulations of climate models confirmed the regional Arctic warming as the driver of the increasing SAT variance over eastern Eurasia and North America and the overwhelming effect of SST forcing on the decreasing SAT variance over North America.Therefore,the regional response of winter cold extremes at midlatitudes to the Arctic warming could be different due to the distinct impact of decadal SST anomalies. | Shuangmei MA Congwen ZHU | 2020 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2020，37，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Analysis of The Characteristics of 30-60 day low frequency oscillation over Asia during 1998 SCS MEX,Advances in Atmospheric Sciences显示文摘 | CHEN LONGXUN ZHU CONGWEN WANG WEN | 2001 | 18(4):623-6382001，18，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Proliferating cell nuclear antigen destabilizes c-Abl tyrosine kinase and regulates cell apoptosis in response to DNA damage显示文摘 | Xiang He Congwen Wei Ting Song Jing Yuan Yanhong Zhang Qingjun Ma Wei Shi Hui Zhong | 2009 | Apoptosis2009，，3： | 1 |
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