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| 1 | Review of primary sclerosing cholangitis with increased IgG4 levels显示文摘Primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC) is a chronic progressive liver disease. Subtypes of PSC have been described, most recently PSC with elevated serum and/or tissue IgG4 subclass. We aim to summarise the clinical phenotype,disease associations, differential diagnosis, response to therapy and pathogenic mechanisms underlying PSC-high IgG4 subtype. We reviewed Pub Med,MEDLINE and Embase with the search terms 'primary sclerosing cholangitis','IgG4', and 'IgG4-related sclerosing cholangitis(IgG4-SC)'. Elevated serum IgG4 are found in up-to one-quarter, and abundant IgG4-plasma cell infiltrates in the liver and bile ducts are found in up-to one-fifth of PSC patients. This group have a distinct clinical phenotype, with some studies reporting a more aggressive course of liver and associated inflammatory bowel disease, compared to PSCnormal IgG4 and the disease mimic IgG4-SC. Distinguishing PSC-high IgG4 from IgG4-SC remains challenging, requiring careful assessment of clinical features,organ involvement and tissue morphology. Calculation of serum IgG4:IgG1 ratios and use of a novel IgG4:IgG RNA ratio have been reported to have excellent specificity to distinguish IgG4-SC and PSC-high IgG4 but require validation in larger cohorts. A role for corticosteroid therapy in PSC-high IgG4 remains unanswered, with concerns of increased toxicity and lack of outcome data. The immunological drivers underlying prominent IgG4 antibodies in PSC are incompletely defined. An association with PSC-high IgG4 and HLA class-II haplotypes(B*07, DRB1*15), T-helper2 and T-regulatory cytokines(IL4, IL10,IL13) and chemokines(CCL1, CCR8) have been described. PSC-high IgG4 have a distinct clinical phenotype and need careful discrimination from IgG4-SC,although response to immunosuppressive treatments and long-term outcome remains unresolved. The presence of IgG4 likely represents chronic activation to persistent antigenic exposure in genetically predisposed individuals. | Charis D Manganis Roger W Chapman Emma L Culver | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，23： | 5 |
| 2 | Tenascin C upregulates interleukin-6 expression in human cardiac myofibroblasts via toll-like receptor 4显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of Tenascin C(TNC)on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrixmetalloproteinases in human cardiac myofibroblasts(CMF).METHODS:CMF were isolated and cultured from patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.Cultured cells were treated with either TNC(0.1μmol/L,24 h)or a recombinant protein corresponding to different domains of the TNC protein;fibrinogen-like globe(FBG)and fibronectin typeⅢ-like repeats(TNⅢ5-7)(both 1μmol/L,24 h).The expression of the proinflammatory cytokines;interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β,TNFαand the matrix metalloproteinases;MMPs(MMP1,2,3,9,10,MT1-MMP)was assessed using real time RT-PCR and western blot analysis.RESULTS:TNC increased both IL-6 and MMP3(P<0.01)mR NA levels in cultured human CMF but had no significant effect on the other markers studied.The increase in IL-6 mR NA expression was mirrored by an increase in protein secretion as assessed by enzymelinked immunosorbant assay(P<0.01).Treating CMF with the recombinant protein FBG increased IL-6mR NA and protein(P<0.01)whereas the recombinant protein TNⅢ5-7 had no effect.Neither FBG nor TNⅢ5-7 had any significant effect on MMP3 expression.The expression of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)in human CMF was confirmed by real time RT-PCR,western blot and immunohistochemistry.Pre-incubation of cells with TLR4neutralising antisera attenuated the effect of both TNC and FBG on IL-6 mR NA and protein expression.CONCLUSION:TNC up-regulates IL-6 expression in human CMF,an effect mediated through the FBG domain of TNC and via the TLR4 receptor. | Azhar Maqbool Emma J Spary Iain W Manfield Michaela Ruhmann Lorena Zuliani-Alvarez Filomena O Gamboa-Esteves Karen E Porter Mark J Drinkhill Kim S Midwood Neil A Turner | 2016 | World Journal of Cardiology2016，8，5： | 4 |
| 3 | Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial显示文摘 | Craig S Anderson Yining Huang Ji Guang Wang Hisatomi Arima Bruce Neal Bin Peng Emma Heeley Christian Skulina Mark W Parsons Jong Sung Kim Qing Ling Tao Yue Chun Li Jian Dong Jiang Li Wen Tai Jin Li Zhang En Xu Yan Cheng Stephane Heritier Lewis B Morgenste | 2008 | Lancet Neurology2008，，5： | 4 |
| 4 | Nat Genet:单基因突变导致过敏性皮炎的发生显示文摘最近,研究者们鉴定出了一类导致神经性皮炎发生的关键基因突变:CARDll。来自美国NIH过敏与传染病研究所的研究者们通过对四个没有血缘关系的患病家庭进行分析,发现了这一导致疾病产生的基因、 | Chi A Ma, Yuan Zhang, Michael A Weinreich, Jonathan J Lyons, Celeste G Nelson, Thomas DiMaggio, Kelly D Stone, Joshua D Milner Jeffrey R Stinson, Elisa Ruffo, Batsukh Dorjbal, Swadhinya Arjunaraja, Kelsey Voss, Andrew L Snow Jordan K Abbott, Pia J Hauk, Paul R Reynolds, Erwin W Gelfand Elisa Ruffo Salomé Glauzy, Natsuko Yamakawa, Eric Meffre Jennifer Stoddard, Julie Niemela, Sergio D Rosenzweig Yu Zhang, Helen F Matthews Joshua J McElwee Nina Jones Alejandro Palma, Matías Oleastro, Emma Prieto, Andrea R Bernasconi, Geronimo Dubra, Silvia Danielian, Jonathan Zaiat, Marcelo A Marti Brian Kim Megan A Cooper Neil Romberg | 2017 | 现代生物医学进展2017，17，27： | 3 |
| 5 | Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors显示文摘Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.Results: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.Conclusions: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study. | Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah Mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，3： | 3 |
| 6 | Long-term outcomes of autoimmune pancreatitis: a multicentre, international analysis显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Terumi Kamisawa William R Brugge Jae Bock Chung Emma L Culver László Czakó Luca Frulloni Vay Liang W Go Thomas M Gress Myung-Hwan Kim Shigeyuki Kawa Kyu Taek Lee Markus M Lerch Wei-Chih Liao Matthias L?hr Kazuichi Okazaki Ji Kon Ryu Nicolas Sc | 2013 | Gut2013，，12： | 2 |
| 7 | Evolving role of magnetic resonance techniques in primary sclerosing cholangitis显示文摘Development of non-invasive methods to risk-stratify patients and predict clinical endpoints have been identified as one of the key research priorities in primary sclerosing cholangitis(PSC). In addition to serum and histological biomarkers, there has been much recent interest in developing imaging biomarkers that can predict disease course and clinical outcomes in PSC.Magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRI/MRCP) continue to play a central role in the diagnosis and follow-up of PSC patients. Magnetic resonance(MR) techniques have undergone significant advancement over the last three decades both in MR data acquisition and interpretation. The progression from a qualitative to quantitative approach in MR acquisition techniques and data interpretation, offers the opportunity for the development of objective and reproducible imaging biomarkers that can potentially be incorporated as an additional endpoint in clinical trials. This review article will discuss how the role of MR techniques have evolved over the last three decades from emerging as an alternative diagnostic tool to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, to being instrumental in the ongoing search for imaging biomarker of disease stage, progression and prognosis in PSC. | Emmanuel A Selvaraj Emma L Culver Helen Bungay Adam Bailey Roger W Chapman Michael Pavlides | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，6： | 2 |
| 8 | An in vivo Comparison of Intestinal pH and Bacteria as Physiological Trigger Mechanisms for Colonic Targeting in Man显示文摘 | Emma L McConnell a Michael D Short Abdul W Basit | 2008 | Journal of Controlled Release2008，130，： | 1 |
| 9 | Ultrasonically assisted synthesis and degradation of poly ( dimethyl siloxane) 显示文摘 | Gareth J P Matthew P H Emma N K W | 1996 | Polymer1996，37，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Clinicians' Attitudes to Clinical Practice Guidelines: a systematic review显示文摘 | Emma W K Jean R S | 2002 | MJA2002，177，9： | 1 |
| 11 | The use of willingness-to-pay approaches in mammal conservation显示文摘 | Alison C Emma J V H | 2001 | Mammal Bev2001，31，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Antenatal risk factors for- postpartum depression:A synthesis of recent literature显示文摘 | Emma R Sherry G Tamara W | 2004 | Gen- eral Hospital Psychiatry2004，26，： | 1 |
| 13 | Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature显示文摘 | Emma R Sherry G Tamara W | 2004 | General Hospital Psychiatry2004，26，： | 1 |
| 14 | MRI of malignant neoplasms of the uterine corpus and cervix显示文摘 | Evis Sala Suzanne W Emma S | 2007 | AJR2007，188，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression:a synthesis of recent literature显示文摘 | Emma R Sherry G Tamara W | 2004 | Gen Hos Psychiatry2004，26，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: A synthesis of recent literature显示文摘 | Emma R Sherry G Tamara W | 2004 | General Hospital Psychiatry2004，26，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Antenatal risk factors for postpartum depression: a synthesis of recent literature 显示文摘 | Emma R Sherry G Tamara W | 2004 | General Hospital Psychiatry2004，26，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Heroin epidemics, treatment and ODE modeling显示文摘 | Emma W Catherine G | 2007 | Mathematical Biosciences2007，208，： | 1 |
| 19 | Automated Singal Generation in Prescription-Event Monitoring显示文摘 | Emma Heeley Lynda V Wilton Sead A W Shakir | 2008 | Drug Safety2008，25，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Rapacuronium preferentially antagonizes the function of M2 versus M3 muscarinic receptors in guinea pig airway smooth muscle显示文摘 | Jooste E Zhang Y EmMa C W | 2005 | Anesthesiology2005，102，： | 1 |
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