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| 1 | Methods for studying tooth root cementum by light microscopy显示文摘The tooth root cementum is a thin,mineralized tissue covering the root dentin that is present primarily as acellular cementum on the cervical root and cellular cementum covering the apical root.While cementum shares many properties in common with bone and dentin,it is a unique mineralized tissue and acellular cementum is critical for attachment of the tooth to the surrounding periodontal ligament(PDL).Resources for methodologies for hard tissues often overlook cementum and approaches that may be of value for studying this tissue.To address this issue,this report offers detailed methodology,as well as comparisons of several histological and immunohistochemical stains available for imaging the cementum-PDL complex by light microscopy.Notably,the infrequently used Alcian blue stain with nuclear fast red counterstain provided utility in imaging cementum in mouse,porcine and human teeth.While no truly unique extracellular matrix markers have been identified to differentiate cementum from the other hard tissues,immunohistochemistry for detection of bone sialoprotein(BSP),osteopontin(OPN),and dentin matrix protein 1(DMP1) is a reliable approach for studying both acellular and cellular cementum and providing insight into developmental biology of these tissues.Histological and immunohistochemical approaches provide insight on developmental biology of cementum. | Brian L Foster | 2012 | International Journal of Oral Science2012，4，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis显示文摘Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone.Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate(Pi) to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate(PPi), where local Piand PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase(TNAP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1(NPP1). The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. Loss of NPP1 in the Enpp1 null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum.Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enpp1 gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TNAP expression creates a low PPienvironment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPihave little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected. | Laura E Zweifler Mudita K Patel Francisco H Nociti Jr Helen F Wimer Jose L Milln Martha J Somerman Brian L Foster | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，1： | 5 |
| 3 | Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism显示文摘Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot mass.To identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Differentially expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox homeostasis.Genes promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were upregulated.The only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing rootstocks.Non-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’trees.Together,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch reserves.Another significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdLAX2 in dwarfing rootstocks.We propose that both factors reduce polar auxin transport.The results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks. | Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite Helen L Boldingh Tony K McGhie | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 4 | Cardiac resynchronization therapy for the treatment of heart failure in patients with intraventricular conduction delay and malignant ventricular tachyarrhythmias显示文摘 | Steven L Higgins John D Hummel Imran K Niazi Michael C Giudici Seth J Worley Leslie A Saxon John P Boehmer Michael B Higginbotham Teresa De Marco Elyse Foster Patrick G Yong | 2003 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2003，，8： | 2 |
| 5 | Microporous gel electrolyte Li-ion battery显示文摘 | Zhang S S Xu K Foster D L | 2004 | Journal of Power Sources2004，125，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Regulation of calcium levels in brain tissue from adult and aged rats 显示文摘 | Michaelis M L Foster C T Jayawichreme C J | 2002 | Mechanisms of Ageing and Development2002，62，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains:evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance显示文摘 | Holden MT Feil EJ Lindsay JA Peacock SJ Day NP Enright MC Foster TJ Moore CE Hurst L Atkin R Barron A Bason N Bentley SD Chillingworth C Chillingworth T Churcher C Clark L Corton C Cronin A Doggett J Dowd L Feltwell T Hance Z Harris B Hauser H Holroyd S Jagels K James KD Lennard N Line A Mayes R Moule S Mungall K Ormond D Quail MA Rabbinowitsch E Rutherford K Sanders M Sharp S Simmonds M Stevens K Whitehead S Barrell BG Spratt BG Parkhill J | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，26： | 1 |
| 8 | The effects of sulfonate molecular weight and salt concentration on the interracial tension of oil-brine-surfactant systems显示文摘 | Nillson P M Murphy C L Foster W R | 1976 | SPE58121976，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Amplification of a cyto- chrome P450 gene is associated with resistance to neonicotinoid insec- ticides in the aphid Myzus persicae 显示文摘 | Puinean A M Foster S P Oliphant L | 2010 | PLoS Genet2010，6，10： | 1 |
| 10 | AIDS-related experience, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs amongst nurses in area with a high rate of HIV infection显示文摘 | Plant M L Foster J | 1993 | Journal of Advanced Nursing1993，18，： | 1 |
| 11 | Transport of soil particles by shallow flow显示文摘 | Foster G R Meyer L D | 1972 | Transaction of the ASAE1972，15，1： | 1 |
| 12 | The effect of various electrolyte additives on reversible Li-graphite intercalation显示文摘 | Foster D L Behl W K Wolfenstine J | 2000 | J Power Sources2000，85，2： | 1 |
| 13 | On the Diophantine equation 1 + X + Y = Z with xyz = 2'3'7' 显示文摘 | ALEX L J FOSTER L L | 1995 | Forum Math1995，7，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Impact of resting heart rate on mortality, disability, cognitive decline in patients after ischaemic stroke显示文摘 | Bohn M Cotton D Foster L | 2012 | Eur Heart J2012，33，： | 1 |
| 15 | Gold and trace element zonation in pyrite using a laser imaging technique: Implications for the timing of gold in orogenic and Carlin- style sediment- hosted deposits 显示文摘 | R R Large L Danyushevsky C Hollit V Maslennikov S Meffer S Gilbert S Bull R Scott P Emsbo H Thomas B Singh J Foster | 2009 | Economic Geology2009，104，5： | 1 |
| 16 | A laboratory study of rill hydraulics I:Veloeity relationships显示文摘 | Foster G R Huggins L F Meyer L D | 1984 | Transactions of ASAE1984，27，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Detection of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in samples of second trimester human amniotic fluid显示文摘 | Foster W Chan S Platt L | 2000 | Journal of Clinical Endocrinology&Metabolism2000，85，8： | 1 |
| 18 | Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping for the basaltic aquifer of the Azraq basin of Jordan using GIS, remote sensingand DRASTIC 显示文摘 | A l-adamat R A N Foster I D L Baban S M J | 2003 | Applied Geography2003，23，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Survival in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours: a comparison between sporadic and neurofibromatosis type I-associated tumours 显示文摘 | Porter DE Prasad V Foster L | 2009 | Sarcoma2009，，75： | 1 |
| 20 | A processbased soil erosion model for USDA-water erosion prediction project technology 显示文摘 | Nearing M A Foster G R Lane L J | 1989 | Trans of the ASAE1989，32，： | 1 |
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