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| 1 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 2 | Outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding显示文摘AIM:To evaluate weight loss and surgical outcomes of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)and laparoscopic adjustable gastric band(LAGB).METHODS:Data relating to changes in body mass index(BMI)and procedural complications after RYGB(1995-2009;n=609;116M:493F;42.4±0.4 years)or LAGB(2004-2009;n=686;131M:555F;37.2±0.4years)were extracted from prospective databases.RESULTS:Pre-operative BMI was higher in RYGB than LAGB patients(46.8±7.1 kg/m2vs 40.4±4.2 kg/m2,P<001);more patients with BMI<35 kg/m2underwent LAGB than RYGB(17.1%vs 4.1%,P<0.0001).BMI decrease was greater after RYGB.There were direct relationships between weight loss and pre-operative BMI(P<0.001).Although there was no difference in weight loss between genders during the first 3-year post-surgery,male LAGB patients had greater BMI reduction than females(-8.2±4.3 kg/m2vs-3.9±1.9kg/m2,P=0.02).Peri-operative complications occurred more frequently following RYGB than LAGB(8.0%vs0.5%,P<0.001);majority related to wound infection.LAGB had more long-term complications requiring corrective procedures than RYGB(8.9%vs 2.1%,P<0.001).Conversion to RYGB resulted in greater BMI reduction(-9.5±3.8 kg/m2)compared to removal and replacement of the band(-6.0±3.0 kg/m2).Twelve months post-surgery,fasting glucose,total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein levels were significantly lower with the magnitude of reduction greater in RYGB patients.CONCLUSION:RYGB produces substantially greater weight loss than LAGB.Whilst peri-operative complications are greater after RYGB,long-term complication rate is higher following LAGB. | Nam Q Nguyen Philip Game Justin Bessell Tamara L Debreceni Melissa Neo Carly M Burgstad Pennie Taylor Gary A Wittert | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，36： | 3 |
| 3 | DNA vaccination of infants in the presence of maternal antibody: a measles model in the primate显示文摘 | Mary Premenko-Lanier Paul A Rota Gary Rhodes David Verhoeven Dan H Barouch Nicholas W Lerche Norman L Letvin William J Bellini Michael B McChesney | 2003 | Virology2003，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Predictors of progression in Barrett’s esophagus II: baseline 17p (p53) loss of heterozygosity identifies a patient subset at increased risk for neoplastic progression显示文摘 | Brian J Reid Laura J Prevo Patricia C Galipeau Carissa A Sanchez Gary Longton Douglas S Levine Patricia L Blount Peter S Rabinovitch | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，10： | 2 |
| 5 | Sewage measured by the faecal (2) sterol , coprostanol 显示文摘 | Gary L A Steven C C | 1995 | Wat Res1995，29，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Prevention and Control of Influenza with Vaccines Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP), 2010显示文摘 | Fiore Anthony E Uyeki Timothy M Broder Karen Finelli Lyn Euler Gary L Singleton James A Iskander John K Wortley Pascale M Shay David K Bresee Joseph S Cox Nancy J | 2010 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2010，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Recursive estimation of Origin-Destination Matrices from Input/Output Counts显示文摘 | NIHAN Nancy L DAVIS Gary A | 1987 | Transportation Besearch1987，21，2： | 1 |
| 8 | AFM studies of water-soluble wheat arabinoxylans-effects of esterase treatment 显示文摘 | Elizabeth L Adams Paul A Kroon Gary Williamson | 2005 | Carbohydrate Research2005，，340： | 1 |
| 9 | Retrospective review of 208 patients with leiomyosarcoma of the uterus: prognostic indicators, surgical management, and adjuvant therapy☆显示文摘 | Robert L Giuntoli Daniel S Metzinger Connie S DiMarco Stephen S Cha Jeff A Sloan Gary L Keeney Bobbie S Gostout | 2003 | Gynecologic Oncology2003，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Controls of sediment transport capacity in laminar interrill flow on stone-covered surfaces 显示文摘 | Gary L Abrahams A D | 1999 | Water Resources Research1999，35，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array 显示文摘 | Wang SC Debbie W Kerrie F Alexandra A Shiaoman C Bevan EH Marco M Silvio S Sara GM Luigi C Anna MM Alex W Stuart S Gary B Ralf W Joerg P International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten L Diane M Rudi A Rudy D Gina BG Abraham K Alina RA Catherine F Jerome S Michele M Curtis P Luo MC Jan DMM Jorge D Martin G Roberto T Cindy L Ivan M Colin C Keith JE Matthew H Eduard A | 2014 | Plant Biotechnol J2014，12，： | 1 |
| 12 | The definition and classification of Dry Eye Disease:Report of the Definition and classification subcommittee of the international Dry Eye Work shop(2007)显示文摘 | Mechael A L Baudouin C Gary N F | 2007 | Ocular surface2007，5，2： | 1 |
| 13 | A review of radio frequency identification technology for the anatomic pathology or biorepository laboratory: Much promise, some progress, and more work needed显示文摘 | Jerry J L Gary A Michael R | 2011 | J Pathol Inform2011，2，： | 1 |
| 14 | Applying DBP model to full-scall plants显示文摘 | Westerhoffp Debroux J Gary L A | 2000 | AWWA2000，92，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Carbon dioxide emulsion assisted loading of polymer mierospheres toward sustained release materials 显示文摘 | GARY A B MARY L C MATTHEW Z Y | 2005 | Langmuir2005，21，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Regenerating cellulose from ionic liquids for an accelerated enzymatic hydrolysis 显示文摘 | Zhao Hua Jones Cecil L Gary A | 2009 | Journal of Biotechnology2009，139，16： | 1 |
| 17 | Parental explana-tory models of ADHD:gender and cultural variations显示文摘 | Bussing R Gary F A Mills T L | 2003 | Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol2003，，10： | 1 |
| 18 | A venerable tool for a new application:Using scenario analysis for formulating strategies for emerging technologies in emerging markets显示文摘 | John A Bers Gary S Lynn Curtis L Spurling | 1997 | Engineering Management Journal1997，9，2： | 1 |
| 19 | 早期乳腺癌最佳辅助化疗方案与人类表皮生长因子受体2阳性乳腺癌辅助靶向治疗选择:依据 ASCO 对 CCO临床实践指南的改编显示文摘目的研究加拿大安大略癌症治疗中心(CCO)关于早期乳腺癌最佳辅助化疗方案,包括人类表皮生长因子受体2(HER2)阳性乳腺癌辅助靶向治疗方案,并对其进行改编。方法按照美国临床肿瘤协会(ASCO)对其他组织临床实践指南改编的策略和程序,对CCO临床实践指南的严谨性与内容适用性进行回顾。结果基于对CCO临床实践指南内容的回顾,ASCO小组认为,CCO临床实践指南在整体上清晰全面,以最确切的科学证据为基础,为患者提供可接受的治疗选项。推荐关于辅助化疗方案的决定,应考虑到基线复发风险、毒性、利益可能性和宿主因素(如合并症)。对于高风险HER2阴性的身体状况良好的人群,蒽环类和紫杉烷治疗方案是标准治疗方案。4个周期的多西他赛和环磷酰胺治疗方案是可接受的非蒽环类治疗方案。对于高风险HER2阳性患者,推荐蒽环类与紫杉烷序贯疗法联合曲妥单抗或多西他赛、卡铂、曲妥单抗进行6个周期的治疗。对于低风险、非淋巴结转移、HER2阳性人群,推荐每周一次的紫杉醇和曲妥单抗连续进行12个周期的替代治疗。曲妥单抗应持续使用1年。不应采用铂复合盐对三阴性人群进行常规的辅助管理,除非出现有效的生存数据加以支持。 | Neelima Denduluri Mark R Somerfield Andrea Eisen Jamie N Holloway Arti Hurria Tari A King Gary H Lyman Ann H Partridge Melinda L Telli Maureen E Trudeau Antonio C Wolff 本刊编辑部 | 2016 | 中国全科医学2016，19，18： | 1 |
| 20 | Occurrence and prevention of photodissolution at the phase junction of magnetite and titanium dioxide显示文摘 | Ror A Gary L | 2002 | Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical2002，180，： | 1 |
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