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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Effects of cationic CTAB and anionic SDBS suffactants on the performance of Zn-MnO2 alkaline batteries显示文摘 | Ghavami R K Rafiei Z Tabatabaei S M | 2007 | J Power Sources2007，164，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Role of BN IP3 in TNF - induced cell death TNF up regulates BN IP3 expression 显示文摘 | Ghavami S E shraghi M Kadkhoda K | 2009 | Biochim Biophys Acta2009，1793，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Triple-frequency meandered monopole antenna with shorted parasitic strips for wireless application显示文摘 | LIU W C GHAVAMI M CHUNG W C | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 5 | Cytotoxic effects of intra and extracellular zinc chelation on human breast cancer cells显示文摘 | Hashemi M Ghavami S Eshraghi M Booy EP Los M | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 6 | The role of FasFas L signaling pathway in induction of apoptosis in patients with sulfur mustard-induced chronic bronchiolitis显示文摘 | Pirzad G Jafari M Tavana S Sadrayee H Ghavami S Shajiei A | 2010 | J Toxicol2010，2010，37： | 1 |
| 7 | Apoptosis and cancer: Mutations within caspase genes 显示文摘 | Ghavami S Hashemi M Ande SR | 2009 | J Meal Genet2009，46，8： | 1 |
| 8 | Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes 显示文摘 | Ghavami S Hashemi M Ande SR | 2009 | Med Genet2009，46，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Role of BNIP3 in TNF -induced cell death TNF up regulates BNIP3 expres- sion显示文摘 | GHAVAMI S E SHRAGHI M KADKHODA K | 2009 | Biochim Biophys Acta2009，1793，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Apoptosis a- nd cnacer: mutations within caspase genes 显示文摘 | GHAVAMI S HASHEMI M ANDES R | 2009 | J Med Genet2009，46，8： | 1 |
| 11 | The role of hyaluronic acid fillers (Restylane) in facial cosmetic surgery: review and technical considerations 显示文摘 | Rohrich R J Ghavami A Crosby M A | 2007 | Plast Reconstr Surg2007，120，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Channel estimation technique for ultra-wideband pulse transmitters显示文摘 | DILMAGHANI R GHAVAMI M AGHVAMI H | 2004 | Electronic Letters2004，40，21： | 1 |
| 13 | Graphene oxide strongly inhibits amyloid beta fibrillation显示文摘 | Mahmoudi M Akhavan O Ghavami M | 2012 | Nanoscale2012，4，23： | 1 |
| 14 | S100A8/A9 in colon cancer cell lines: the role of ROS and the effect of metal ions 显示文摘 | GHAVAMI S KERKHOFF C LOS M | 2004 | J Leukoc Biol2004，76，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes显示文摘 | Ghavami S Hashemi M Ande SR | 2009 | J Med Genet2009，46，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Wireless sensor networks for monitoring physiological signals of multiple patients显示文摘 | DILMAGHANI R S BOBARSHAD H GHAVAMI M | 2011 | Transaction on Biomedical Circuits and Systems2011，5，4： | 1 |
| 17 | S100A8/A9: a Janus-faced molecule in cancer therapy and tumorgenesis显示文摘 | Ghavami S Chitayat S Hashemi M | 2009 | Eur J Pharmacol2009，625，13： | 1 |
| 18 | Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes显示文摘 | Ghavami S Hashemi M Ande SR | 2009 | J Med Genet2009，46，8： | 1 |
| 19 | A no-vel UWB pulse shape modulation system 显示文摘 | Ghavami M Lachlan B M Haruyama S | 2002 | Wireless Personal Communications2002，23，： | 1 |
| 20 | Wideband smart antenna theory using rec-tangular array structures 显示文摘 | Ghavami M | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Sig-nal Processing2002，50，9： | 1 |
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