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| 1 | Evaluation of the SMOS and SMAP soil moisture products under different vegetation types against two sparse in situ networks over arid mountainous watersheds, Northwest China显示文摘Assessment of the suitability of satellite soil moisture products at large scales is urgently needed for numerous climatic and hydrological researches, particularly in arid mountainous watersheds where soil moisture plays a key role in landatmosphere exchanges. This study presents evaluation of the SMOS(L2) and SMAP(L2_P_E and L2_P) products against ground-based observations from the Upstream of the Heihe River Watershed in situ Soil Moisture Network(UHRWSMN) and the Ecological and Hydrological Wireless Sensor Network(EHWSN) over arid high mountainous watersheds, Northwest China.Results show that all the three products are reliable in catching the temporal trend of the in situ observations at both point and watershed scales in the study area. Due to the uncertainty in brightness temperature and the underestimation of effective temperature, the SMOS L2 product and both the SMAP L2 products show 'dry bias' in the high, cold mountainous area. Because of the more accurate brightness temperature observations viewing at a constant angle and more suitable estimations of single scattering albedo and optical depth, both the SMAP L2 products performed significantly better than the SMOS product.Moreover, comparing with station density of in situ network, station representation is much more important in the evaluation of the satellite soil moisture products. Based on our analysis, we propose the following suggestions for improvement of the SMOS and SMAP product suitability in the mountainous areas: further optimization of effective temperature; revision of the retrieval algorithm of the SMOS mission to reduce the topographic impacts; and, careful selection of in situ observation stations for better representation of in situ network in future evaluations. All these improvements would lead to better applicability of the SMOS and SMAP products for soil moisture estimation to the high elevation and topographically complex mountainous areas in arid regions. | Lanhui ZHANG Chansheng HE Mingmin ZHANG Yi ZHU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，4： | 10 |
| 2 | A Modified Groundwater Module in SWAT for Improved Streamflow Simulation in a Large, Arid Endorheic River Watershed in Northwest China显示文摘Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers. | JIN Xin HE Chansheng ZHANG Lanhui ZHANG Baoqing | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Comparison of water resources management between China and the United States显示文摘As the world’s top two economies,the United States(U.S.)and China face a number of similar water resources problems.Yet,few studies have been done to systematically compare policies and approaches on water resources management between China and the U.S.This study compares water resources policies of China and the U.S.in the areas of national authority,water supply,water quality,and ecosystem use of the water to draw lessons learned and shed light on water resources management in China,the U.S.,and the rest of the world.The lessons learned from the comparison include six aspects.1)New paradigms of people-water harmony and a water-saving society are urgently needed to address the pressing water crisis and achieve the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals(UN SDGs).2)A comprehensive,consistent,forward-looking national policy is necessary to achieve sustainable use of water resources.3)Empowerment of river basin commissions with comprehensive authority over the integrative management of air,land,water,and biological resources in the river basin could significantly enhance the benefits and effectiveness of economic development and environmental protection.4)Expansion of water exchange through market mechanisms among water users promotes efficient and beneficial water uses.5)Use of water for ecosystem services should be an integral part of water resources management.China has set up a national blueprint for achieving ecological civilization;maintaining appropriate amounts of flow in rivers and lakes for maintenance of wildlife and fisheries and ecosystems should be institutionalized as part of this national strategy as well.6)By sharing their rich experiences and lessons in water resources management,economic development,and ecological protection with other countries,China and the U.S.can help the world to achieve global human-water harmony and the UN SDGs. | Chansheng He Carol P.Harden Yanxu Liu | 2020 | Geography and Sustainability2020，1，2： | 6 |
| 4 | Impacts of water resource planning on regional water consumption pattern: A case study in Dunhuang Oasis, China显示文摘Water resources are critical for the existence and development of oases in endorheic basins.Thus,to enable sustainable development,it is fundamentally important to understand how to allocate and use these resources in a reasonable way.We therefore simulated and analyzed changes in water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis of China under three scenarios using a system dynamic model that corresponds to different water consumption pattern.This was done to assess the impacts of regional water resource planning(comprehensive planning of the rational use of water resource and protection of ecosystem services in the Dunhuang Basin)on water consumption pattern within the Dunhuang Oasis.The first of these,Scenario 1,is a baseline in which the status quo is maintained,while Scenario 2 incorporates the comprehensive effects of agricultural water-saving irrigation measures with an inter-basin water diversion project,and Scenario 3 focuses on ecological rehabilitation.In the baseline Scenario 1,the total water consumption within the Dunhuang Oasis increased progressively while agricultural water consumption remained extremely high and threatened overall ecological security.In contrast,Scenario 2 would decrease agricultural water consumption by almost 5.30×10^7 m^3 following the implementation of water-saving practices.The additional water allocated from an inter-basin water diversion project would play an important role in alleviating ecological strain on the oasis.Finally,in Scenario 3,the total irrigated land must be decreased to 20.6×10^3 hm^2 by 2025 assuming that water supply for ecosystem restoration would be at least 50%of the total consumption.Although water resource planning plays a very important role in alleviating the ecological water crisis within the oasis,it is necessary to consider the suitable scale of oasis with regard to current water consumption pattern. | ZHANG Xifeng JIN Xin BAI Xiao JIANG Yanbin HE Chansheng | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Watershed science:Linking hydrological science with sustainable management of river basins显示文摘Over the past decades,a number of water sciences and management programs have been developed to better understand and manage the water cycles at multiple temporal and spatial scales for various purposes,such as ecohydrology,global hydrology,sociohydrology,supply management,demand management,and integrated water resources management(IWRM).At the same time,rapid advancements have also been taking place in tracing,mapping,remote sensing,machine learning,and modelling technologies in hydrological research.Despite those programs and advancements,a water crisis is intensifying globally.The missing link is effective interactions between the hydrological research and water resource management to support implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)at multiple spatial scales.Since the watershed is the natural unit for water resources management,watershed science offers the potential to bridge this missing link.This study first reviews the advances in hydrological research and water resources management,and then discusses issues and challenges facing the global water community.Subsequently,it describes the core components of watershed science:(1)hydrological analysis;(2)water-operation policies;(3)governance;(4)management and feedback.The framework takes into account water availability,water uses,and water quality;explicitly focuses on the storage,fluxes,and quality of the hydrological cycle;defines appropriate local water resource thresholds through incorporating the planetary boundary framework;and identifies specific actionable measures for water resources management.It provides a complementary approach to the existing water management programs in addressing the current global water crisis and achieving the UN SDGs. | Chansheng HE L.Allan JAMES | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，5： | 2 |
| 6 | Watershed science:Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basins显示文摘Watershed science traditionally refers to the themes of hydrology and water resource management.Watershed science has been experiencing a rapid evolution that thrives on a forceful superimposition of multi-discipline and innovative earth observing and information techniques.The water and its interactions with other systems in a watershed is increasingly becoming a focus in scientific communities,and several new disciplines such as ecohydrology,ecoeconomics,environmental hy- | LI Xin ZHANG GanLin HE ChanSheng | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Applicability of cosmic-ray neutron sensor for measuring soil moisture at the agricultural-pastoral ecotone in northwest China显示文摘Accurate monitoring of soil moisture is crucial in hydrological and ecological studies.Cosmic-ray neutron sensors(CRNS)measure area-average soil moisture at field scale,filling a spatial scale gap between in-situ observations and remote sensing measurements.However,its applicability has not been assessed in the agricultural-pastoral ecotone,a data scarce semiarid and arid region in Northwest China(APENC).In this study,we calibrated and assessed the CRNS(the standard N0 method)estimates of soil moisture.Results show that Pearson correlation coefficient,RP,and the root mean square error(RMSE)between the CRNS soil moisture and the gravimetric soil moisture are 0.904 and less than 0.016 m3 m–3,respectively,indicating that the CRNS is able to estimate the area-average soil moisture well at our study site.Compared with the in-situ sensor network measurements(ECH2O sensors),the CRNS is more sensitive to the changes in moisture in its footprint,which overestimates and underestimates the soil moisture under precipitation and dry conditions,respectively.The three shape parameters a0,a1,a2 in the standard calibration equation(N0 method)are not well suited to the study area.The calibrated parameters improved the accuracy of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Due to the lack of low gravimetric soil moisture data,performance of the calibrated N0 function is still poor in the extremely dry conditions.Moreover,aboveground biomass including vegetation biomass,canopy interception and widely developed biological soil crusts adds to the uncertainty of the CRNS soil moisture estimates.Such biomass impacts need to be taken into consideration to further improve the accuracy of soil moisture estimation by the CRNS in the data scarce areas such as agricultural-pastoral ecotone in Northwest China. | Xingyan TAN Lanhui ZHANG Chansheng HE Yuzuo ZHU Zhibo HAN Xuliang LI | 2020 | Science China Earth Sciences2020，63，11： | 2 |
| 8 | Integration of Geographic Information System and a Computer Model to Evaluate Impacts of Agrcultural Runoff on Water Quality 显示文摘 | He Chansheng Riggs James F Kang Yungtsung | 1993 | Water Resources Bulletin1993，29，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin显示文摘 | Luo Yi He Chansheng Marios Sophocleous | 2008 | Journal of Hydrology2008，352，： | 1 |
| 10 | Integration of geographic information system and a computer model to evaluate impacts of agricultural runoff on water quality 显示文摘 | He Chansheng Riggs James F Kang Yung-Tsung | 1993 | Water Resources Bulletin1993，，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin显示文摘 | Luo Yi He Chansheng Marios Sophocleous | 2008 | Journal of Hydrology2008，352，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Roles of the combined irrigation, drainage, and storage of the canal network in improving water reuse in the irrigation districts along the lower Yellow River, China显示文摘 | Lei Liu Yi Luo Chansheng He | 2010 | Journal of Hydrology2010，391，： | 1 |
| 13 | Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin显示文摘 | Luo Y He Chansheng Sophocleous M | 2008 | Journal of Hydrology2008，352，： | 1 |
| 14 | Human settlement and changes in the distribution of river systems in the Minqin Basin over the past 2000 years in Northwest China显示文摘Introduction:Arid area is an important base for human settlement,however,long and drastic human activities have altered the drainage patterns in the arid watersheds significantly,causing serious ecological consequences.This study,through a case study of the Minqin Basin,a microcosm of the artificial oases in the arid northwest China,used the multitypes of data to recover the spatial distribution of human settlement and drainage patterns during historical period and analyze the relationship between them over the past 2000 years.Outcomes:Before the Han Dynasty(121 BC),the utilization of water resources in the Minqin Basin was in the primitive stage and the drainage pattern maintained the natural state.From the Han(121 BC-220)to the Wei-Jin Dynasties(220-316),the utilization of water resources intensified unprecedentedly,but the natural shape of the river systems was still maintained.In the following 1,000 years or so,the drainage pattern was in the state of“following its own course”due to the small human population.In the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644),with the alteration of the main rivers,the water resource utilization increased obviously,but the human reclamations were mainly confined to the southern part of the basin.In the Qing Dynasty(1644-1911),the reclamation of the Liulin Lake area significantly changed the drainage patterns,resulted in the drastically northward expansion of human settlement.Since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)in 1949,the artificial water system completely replaced the natural water system and intensified the ecological problems in the basin.Discussion:The changes over the past 2000 years show the drastic impacts of human activities on the alterations of the drainage patterns and related ecological problems in the arid Northwest China.Conclusion:Rehabilitation of such ecological impairments requires both ecological restoration projects and changes in human paradigm and behavior over multiple temporal and spatial scales. | Yaowen Xie Qiang Bie Chansheng He | 2017 | Ecosystem Health and Sustainability2017，3，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Modeling spatial distri- butions of point and nonpoint source pollution loadings in the great lakes watersheds 显示文摘 | He Chansheng and Carlo DeMarchi | 2009 | World Academy of science Engineering and Technology2009，54，： | 1 |
| 16 | Integration of geographic information system and a computer model to evaluate impacts of agricultural runoff on water quality显示文摘 | HE Chansheng RIGGS J F KANG Y T | 1993 | Water Re sources Bulletin1993，，6： | 1 |
| 17 | A conceptual framework for integrating hydrological and biologi- cal indicators into watershed management显示文摘 | Chansheng He Stephen B Malcolm Kenneth A Dahlberg | 2000 | Landscape and Urban Planning2000，49，： | 1 |
| 18 | Assessment of crop growth and soil water modules in SWAT2000 using extensive field experiment data in an irrigation district of the Yellow River Basin显示文摘 | Luo Yi He Chansheng Marios Sophoeleous | 2008 | Hydrology2008，352，12： | 1 |
| 19 | Quantifying drivers of the sediment load reduction in the Yellow River Basin显示文摘Human activities have significantly changed the transport and fluxes of terrestrial sediment of global rivers,trapping over 100 billion metric tons of sediment in reservoirs worldwide, | Chansheng He | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Integration of geographic information systems and simulation model for watershed management 显示文摘 | Chansheng He | 2003 | Environmental Modelling & Software2003，18，89： | 1 |
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