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| 1 | Modeling spatio-temporal distribution of soil moisture by deep learning-based cellular automata model显示文摘Soil moisture content (SMC) is a key hydrological parameter in agriculture,meteorology and climate change,and understanding of spatio-temporal distributions of SMC in farmlands is important to address the precise irrigation scheduling.However,the hybrid interaction of static and dynamic environmental parameters makes it particularly difficult to accurately and reliably model the distribution of SMC.At present,deep learning wins numerous contests in machine learning and hence deep belief network (DBN) ,a breakthrough in deep learning is trained to extract the transition functions for the simulation of the cell state changes.In this study,we used a novel macroscopic cellular automata (MCA) model by combining DBN to predict the SMC over an irrigated corn field (an area of 22 km^2) in the Zhangye oasis,Northwest China.Static and dynamic environmental variables were prepared with regard to the complex hydrological processes.The widely used neural network,multi-layer perceptron (MLP) ,was utilized for comparison to DBN.The hybrid models (MLP-MCA and DBN-MCA) were calibrated and validated on SMC data within four months,i.e.June to September 2012,which were automatically observed by a wireless sensor network (WSN) .Compared with MLP-MCA,the DBN-MCA model led to a decrease in root mean squared error (RMSE) by 18%.Thus,the differences of prediction errors increased due to the propagating errors of variables,difficulties of knowing soil properties and recording irrigation amount in practice.The sequential Gaussian simulation (s Gs) was performed to assess the uncertainty of soil moisture estimations.Calculated with a threshold of SMC for each grid cell,the local uncertainty of simulated results in the post processing suggested that the probability of SMC less than 25% will be difference in different areas at different time periods.The current results showed that the DBN-MCA model performs better than the MLP-MCA model,and the DBN-MCA model provides a powerful tool for predicting SMC in highly non-linear forms.Moreover,because modeling soil moisture by using environmental variables is gaining increasing popularity,DBN techniques could contribute a lot to enhancing the calibration of MCA-based SMC estimations and hence provide an alternative approach for SMC monitoring in irrigation systems on the basis of canals. | SONG Xiaodong ZHANG Ganlin LIU Feng LI Decheng ZHAO Yuguo YANG Jinling | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，5： | 20 |
| 2 | Leaf N and P stoichiometry of 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China显示文摘Nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) are the major nutrients that constrain plant growth and development,as well as the structure and function of ecosystems.Hence,leaf N and P patterns can contribute to a deep understanding of plant nutrient status,nutrient limitation type of ecosystems,plant life-history strategy and differentiation of functional groups.However,the status and pattern of leaf N and P stoichiometry in N-deficiency desert ecosystems remain unclear.Under this context,the leaf samples from 57 plant species in the Karamori Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve,eastern Junggar Desert,China were investigated and the patterns and interrelations of leaf N and P were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that the average leaf N concentration,P concentration,and N:P ratio were 30.81 mg/g,1.77 mg/g and 17.72,respectively.This study found that the leaf N concentration and N:P ratio were significantly higher than those of studies conducted at global,national and regional scales;however,the leaf P concentration was at moderate level.Leaf N concentration was allometrically correlated with leaf P and N:P ratio across all species.Leaf N,P concentrations and N:P ratio differed to a certain extent among plant functional groups.C_4 plants and shrubs,particularly shrubs with assimilative branches,showed an obviously lower P concentration than those of C_3 plants,herbs and shrubs without assimilative branches.Shrubs with assimilative branches also had lower N concentration.Fabaceae plants had the highest leaf N,P concentrations(as well as Asteraceae) and N:P ratio;other families had a similar N,P-stoichiometry.The soil in this study was characterized by a lack of N(total N:P ratio was 0.605),but had high N availability compared with P(i.e.the available N:P ratio was 1.86).This might explain why plant leaves had high N concentration(leaf N:P ratio>16).In conclusion,the desert plants in the extreme environment in this study have formed their intrinsic and special stoichiometric characteristics in relation to their life-history strategy. | TAO Ye WU Ganlin ZHANG Yuanming ZHOU Xiaobing | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，6： | 18 |
| 3 | SOTER-Based Soil Water Erosion Simulation in Hainan Island显示文摘The actual and potential water erosion rates of soils with different land covers in Hainan Island, China,were estimated based on the universal soil loss equation (USLE) and a 1:200 000 Soils and Terrain Digital Database (SOTER) database, from which soil water erosion factors could be extracted. 92.8% of the whole island had a current erosion rate of lower than 500 t km-2 a-1. Soil erosion risk was considered to be high because of its abundant rainfall. Without vegetation cover, the potential soil erosion rate would be extremely high and 90.8% of the island would have a soil erosion rate higher than 2 500 t km-2 a-1. Relative erosion vulnerability of different soil zones, landform types, and lithological regions of the island was compared by introducing a relative erosion hazard parameter α. Cambosols developed from siltstone and mudstone in low hill regions were pinpointed as soils with the highest erosion risk in the island. | ZHAO YUGUO, ZHANG GANLIN and GONG ZITONGInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，2： | 16 |
| 4 | Nutrient Discharges from a Typical Watershed in the Hilly Area of Subtropical China显示文摘Agriculture is still the biggest contributor of non-point source (NPS) pollution to water bodies andrunoff discharges of nutrients and other chemicals are one of the most important pathways. This studywas conducted during 1998~1999 in a typical watershed with complex agriculture and forestry systems aswell as dotted farmer villages, in a transitional region between the mid- and northern subtropical zones ofChina. Continuous sampling of stream water was performed regularly at a weekly frequency, with additionalsampling after all major rainfall events. The discharges of N and P nutrients and suspended materials weremeasured and the total and area-averaged annual discharges of all components were calculated. The resultsshowed an uneven seasonal distribution of nutrient discharges with summer storms contributing most tothe total fluxes. This study demonstrated a high dependence of runoff volume on rainfall but the overallrunoff coefficients were dependent on land use type and watershed size. The area-averaged annual dischargesvaried greatly among the sub-watersheds with different sizes and land use structures. This is the first studyestimating the area-averaged annual discharges of N and P in the hilly areas of subtropical China, which were1.5 g m-2 a-1 and 0.1 g m-2 a-1, respectively, providing important reference values for the assessment ofregional agricultural non-point source pollution. | ZHANG GANLIN, YANG JINLING and ZHAO YUGUOInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，1： | 12 |
| 5 | The temporal and spatial distribution of ancient rice in China and its implications显示文摘The relics of ancient rice have been regarded as the most important objective evidence of the origina- tion and spread of rice cultivation.Based on the records of 280 rice relics sites and the rice cropping regionalization as well as the distribution map of paddy soils,the current study compiled the temporal and spatial distribution map of ancient rice distribution in China.The map shows that the distribution of ancient rice is spatially extensive and meantime comparatively concentrated,temporarily covering a long and relatively continuous time-span.The rice relics in the Central China double and single rice cropping regions are among the earliest and the most abundant ones,possessing continuity in time sequence.Combined with the discovery of ancient rice and paddy filed relics,soil micromorphology, pollen combination and element geochemistry,it is suggested that Central China was the origin center of rice cultivation in China.Rice had been spread to the rest part of China in three major waves,also to the East Asian part like Korea and Japan.The temporal and spatial distribution of ancient rice reflects the past environmental change,which is also meaningful to the current rice regionalization and plan- ning as well as food security in China. | GONG ZiTong CHEN HongZhao YUAN DaGang ZHAO YuGuo WU YunJin ZHANG GanLin | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，8： | 11 |
| 6 | Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI versus ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT: Which is better in differentiation between malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules?显示文摘Objective: To prospectively compare the discriminative capacity of dynamic contrast enhanced-magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI) with that of ^(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(^(18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) in the differentiation of malignant and benign solitary pulmonary nodules(SPNs).Methods: Forty-nine patients with SPNs were included in this prospective study. Thirty-two of the patients had malignant SPNs, while the other 17 had benign SPNs. All these patients underwent DCE-MRI and ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT examinations. The quantitative MRI pharmacokinetic parameters, including the trans-endothelial transfer constant(K^(trans)), redistribution rate constant(K_(ep)), and fractional volume(Ve), were calculated using the Extended-Tofts Linear two-compartment model. The ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT parameter, maximum standardized uptake value(SUV_(max)), was also measured. Spearman's correlations were calculated between the MRI pharmacokinetic parameters and the SUV_(max) of each SPN. These parameters were statistically compared between the malignant and benign nodules. Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analyses were used to compare the diagnostic capability between the DCE-MRI and ^(18)F-FDG PET/CT indexes.Results: Positive correlations were found between K^(trans) and SUV_(max), and between K_(ep) and SUV_(max)(P<0.05).There were significant differences between the malignant and benign nodules in terms of the K^(trans), K_(ep) and SUV_(max) values(P<0.05). The areas under the ROC curve(AUC) of K^(trans), K_(ep) and SUV_(max) between the malignant and benign nodules were 0.909, 0.838 and 0.759, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity in differentiating malignant from benign SPNs were 90.6% and 82.4% for K^(trans); 87.5% and 76.5% for K_(ep); and 75.0% and 70.6%for SUV_(max), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of K^(trans) and K_(ep) were higher than those of SUV_(max), but there was no significant difference between them(P>0.05).Conclusions: DCE-MRI can be used to differentiate between benign and malignant SPNs and has the advantage of being radiation free. | Feng Feng Fulin Qiang Aijun Shen Donghui Shi Aiyan Fu Haiming Li Mingzhu Zhang Ganlin Xia Peng Cao | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018，30，1： | 10 |
| 7 | Land Use-Related Changes in Soils of Hainan Island During the Past Half Century显示文摘During the past half century, the land utilization of Hainan Island has undergone a rapid development,but in the meanwhile, soil degradation occurs. Analysis on some basic data of the soil series collected frommore than 100 soil profiles at the end of the 1990s and beginning of this century, in combination with dataavailable, showed that soils there suffered significant decline in organic matter, experienced P and K deficiencywith soil K going on losing and undergone acidification with continuing trend. The current situation calls forstrategies to build up Hainan into an important province of sound ecology by restoring forests, to improvefood quality by implementing K supplement projects, to combat soil acidification by ameliorating the soils andgrowing leguminous crops and to ensure health of the people by developing dairy production and increasingthe daily Ca uptake by the people. | GONG ZITONG, ZHANG GANLIN, ZHAO WENJUN, ZHAO YUGUO and CHEN ZHICHENGInstitute of Soil Science, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008 (China) | 2003 | Pedosphere2003，13，1： | 9 |
| 8 | Understanding sustainability of soil and water resources in a critical zone perspective显示文摘Soil and water resources are fundamental for human beings.Understanding the status and the evolution of regional water and soil resources is the prerequisite for their sustainable management.China is severely constrained by water and soil resources which are subject to soil forming processes under different natural factors such as climate and relief,and also influenced by diversified landuse histories and intensities.Quality and security of water and soil resources are therefore influenced by both natural and anthropogenic processes. | Ganlin ZHANG Yongguan ZHU Ming'an SHAO | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，11： | 7 |
| 9 | Chemistry and source identification of wet precipitation in a rural watershed of subtropical China显示文摘South China is one of the regions severely suffering from acid rain in the world.However,few systematic studies of rural precipitation chemistry have been performed in comparison with the extensive studies on their urban counterparts of this region.In order to characterize the current acid rain status and identify its possible sources in the rural area of South China,we analyzed precipitation collected event by event from a rural forested watershed in southern Anhui Province between March 2007 and February 2010.The results showed that the concentrations of major ions within precipitation in the studied rural area were significantly lower than those reported for the urban areas of the same latitude in China.Nevertheless,the precipitation acidity(with an average pH value of 4.49) and the frequency of acid rain(95%) were considerably high.The relatively high ratio of(SO42+ NO 3)/(Ca2+ +NH4+) was the main cause of acid rain in this rural area,as SO 2 and NO x were the main precursors of acid rain,while Ca2+ and NH4+acted as the dominant neutralizers to the acidity.Source identification indicated that Ca2+ and Mg2+ mainly were derived from alkaline dust,SO42,NO 3 and NH4+originated mainly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial and agricultural activities,most Na +,Cl,K + and some of Mg2+ were derived from the sea.The results suggested that the major ions within precipitation in the rural area of South China were related to the meso-scale and long-range transport of particles and aerosols in the air. | HUANG Laiming YANG Jinling ZHANG Ganlin | 2012 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2012，31，4： | 6 |
| 10 | Soil polygon disaggregation through similarity-based prediction with legacy pedons显示文摘Conventional soil maps generally contain one or more soil types within a single soil polygon.But their geographic locations within the polygon are not specified.This restricts current applications of the maps in site-specific agricultural management and environmental modelling.We examined the utility of legacy pedon data for disaggregating soil polygons and the effectiveness of similarity-based prediction for making use of the under-or over-sampled legacy pedon data for the disaggregation.The method consisted of three steps.First,environmental similarities between the pedon sites and each location were computed based on soil formative environmental factors.Second,according to soil types of the pedon sites,the similarities were aggregated to derive similarity distribution for each soil type.Third,a hardening process was performed on the maps to allocate candidate soil types within the polygons.The study was conducted at the soil subgroup level in a semi-arid area situated in Manitoba,Canada.Based on 186 independent pedon sites,the evaluation of the disaggregated map of soil subgroups showed an overall accuracy of 67% and a Kappa statistic of 0.62.The map represented a better spatial pattern of soil subgroups in both detail and accuracy compared to a dominant soil subgroup map,which was commonly used in practice.Incorrect predictions mainly occurred in the agricultural plain area and the soil subgroups that are very similar in taxonomy,indicating that new environmental covariates need to be developed.We concluded that the combination of legacy pedon data with similarity-based prediction is an effective solution for soil polygon disaggregation. | LIU Feng GENG Xiaoyuan ZHU A-xing Walter FRASER SONG Xiaodong ZHANG Ganlin | 2016 | Journal of Arid Land2016，8，5： | 5 |
| 11 | Regional Soil Mapping Using Multi-Grade Representative Sampling and a Fuzzy Membership-Based Mapping Approach显示文摘High-resolution and detailed regional soil spatial distribution information is increasingly needed for ecological modeling and land resource management. For areas with no point data, regional soil mapping includes two steps: soil sampling and soil mapping. Because sampling over a large area is costly, efficient sampling strategies are required. A multi-grade representative sampling strategy, which designs a small number of representative samples with different representative grades to depict soil spatial variations at different scales,could be a potentially efficient sampling strategy for regional soil mapping. Additionally, a suitable soil mapping approach is needed to map regional soil variations based on a small number of samples. In this study, the multi-grade representative sampling strategy was applied and a fuzzy membership-weighted soil mapping approach was developed to map soil sand percentage and soil organic carbon(SOC) at 0–20 and 20–40 cm depths in a study area of 5 900 km2 in Anhui Province of China. First, geographical sub-areas were delineated using a parent lithology data layer. Next, fuzzy c-means clustering was applied to two climate and four terrain variables in each stratum. The clustering results(environmental cluster chains) were used to locate representative samples. Evaluations based on an independent validation sample set showed that the addition of samples with lower representativeness generally led to a decrease of root mean square error(RMSE). The declining rates of RMSE with the addition of samples slowed down for 20–40 cm depth, but fluctuated for 0–20 cm depth. The predicted SOC maps based on the representative samples exhibited higher accuracy, especially for soil depth 20–40 cm, as compared to those based on legacy soil data. Multi-grade representative sampling could be an effective sampling strategy at a regional scale. This sampling strategy, combined with the fuzzy membership-based mapping approach, could be an optional effective framework for regional soil property mapping. A more detailed and accurate soil parent material map and the addition of environmental variables representing human activities would improve mapping accuracy. | YANG Lin A-Xing ZHU ZHAO Yuguo LI Decheng ZHANG Ganlin ZHANG Shujie Lawrence E. BAND | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，2： | 5 |
| 12 | Multi-Source Characteristics of Atmospheric Deposition in Nanjing,China,as Controlled by East Asia Monsoons and Urban Activities显示文摘Atmospheric deposition, a major pathway of metals entering into soils, plays an important role in soil environment, especially in urban regions where a large amount of pollutants are emitted into atmosphere through various sources. In order to understand the characteristics of atmospheric deposition in urban area and its relation with natural and anthropogenic sources, a three-year study of atmospheric deposition at three typical sites, industrial zone(IN), urban residential area(RZ) and suburban forested scenic area(FA),was carried out in Nanjing, a metropolitan city in eastern China from 2005 to 2007. The bulk deposition rate and element composition of atmospheric deposition varied spatio-temporally in the urban zones of Nanjing. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb and Ca in the atmospheric deposits were strongly enriched in the whole Nanjing region; however, anthropogenic pollutants in atmospheric deposits were diluted by the input of external mineral dust transported from northwestern China. Source apportionment through principal component analysis(PCA) showed that the background atmospheric deposition at the FA site was the combination of external aerosol and local emission sources. The input of long-range transported Asian dust had an important influence on the urban background deposition, especially in spring when the continental dust from the northwestern China prevailed. Marine aerosol source was observed in summer and autumn, the seasons dominated by summer monsoon in Nanjing. In contrast, the contribution of local anthropogenic emission source was constant regardless of seasons. At the RZ and IN sites, the atmospheric deposition was more significantly affected by the nearby human activities than at the FA site. In addition, different urban activities and both the winter and summer Asian monsoons had substantial impacts on the characteristics of dust deposition in urban Nanjing. | LI Shanquan ZHANG Ganlin YANG Jinling JIA Nan | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，3： | 4 |
| 13 | Vertical distribution and storage of soil organic and inorganic carbon in a typical inland river basin,Northwest China显示文摘Knowledge of soil carbon(C) distribution and its relationship with the environment can improve our understanding of its biogeochemical cycling and help to establish sound regional models of C cycling. However, such knowledge is limited in environments with complex landscape configurations. In this study, we investigated the vertical distribution and storage of soil organic carbon(SOC) and soil inorganic carbon(SIC) in the 10 representative landscapes(alpine meadow, subalpine shrub and meadow, mountain grassland, mountain forest, typical steppe, desert steppe, Hexi Corridor oases cropland, Ruoshui River delta desert, Alxa Gobi desert, and sandy desert) with contrasting bioclimatic regimes in the Heihe River Basin, Northwest China. We also measured the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio in soil carbonate to understand the sources of SIC because the ratio can be used as a proxy in calculating the contribution of pedogenic inorganic carbon(PIC) to total SIC. Our results showed that SOC contents generally decreased with increasing soil depth in all landscapes, while SIC contents exhibited more complicated variations along soil profiles in relation to pedogenic processes and parent materials at the various landscapes. There were significant differences of C stocks in the top meter among different landscapes, with SOC storage ranging from 0.82 kg C/m^2 in sandy desert to 50.48 kg C/m^2 in mountain forest and SIC storage ranging from 0.19 kg C/m^2 in alpine meadow to 21.91 kg C/m^2 in desert steppe. SIC contributed more than 75% of total C pool when SOC storage was lower than 10 kg C/m^2, and the proportion of PIC to SIC was greater than 70% as calculated from Sr isotopic ratio, suggesting the critical role of PIC in the C budget of this region. The considerable variations of SOC and SIC in different landscapes were attributed to different pedogenic environments resulted from contrasting climatic regimes, parent materials and vegetation types. This study provides an evidence for a general trade-off pattern between SOC and SIC, showing the compensatory effects of environmental conditions(especially climate) on SOC and SIC formation in these landscapes. This is largely attributed to the fact that the overall decrease in temperature and increase in precipitation from arid deserts to alpine mountains simultaneously facilitate the accumulation of SOC and depletion of SIC. | YANG Fan HUANG Laiming YANG Renmin YANG Fei LI Decheng ZHAO Yuguo YANG Jinling LIU Feng ZHANG Ganlin | 2018 | Journal of Arid Land2018，10，2： | 4 |
| 14 | Nitrogen sink in a small forested watershed of subtropical China显示文摘Global nitrogen (N) emission and deposition have been increased rapidly due to massive mobilization of N which may have longreaching impacts on ecosystems.Many agricultural and forest ecosystems have been identified as secondary N sources.In the present study,the input-output budget of inorganic N in a small forested watershed of subtropical China was investigated.Inorganic N wet deposition and discharge by stream water were monitored from March,2007 to February,2009.The concentrations and fluxes of inorganic N in wet precipitation and stream water and net retention of N were calculated.Global N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and N output by denitrification for forested watersheds elsewhere were reported as references to evaluate whether the studied forested watershed is a source or a sink for N.The results show that the inorganic N output by the stream water is mainly caused by NO 3-N even though the input is dominated by NH 4 +-N.The mean flux of inorganic N input by wet precipitation and output by stream water is 1.672 and 0.537 g N/(m 2 ·yr),respectively,which indicates that most of inorganic N input is retained in the forested watershed.Net retention of inorganic N reaches 1.135 g N/(m 2 ·yr) considering wet precipitation as the main input and stream water as the main output.If N input by dry deposition and biological fixation and output by denitrification are taken into account,this subtropical forested watershed currently acts as a considerable sink for N,with a net sink ranging from 1.309 to 1.913 g N/(m 2 ·yr) which may enhance carbon sequestration of the terrestrial ecosystem. | Laiming Huang | 2011 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2011，23，3： | 4 |
| 15 | Chronosequencing methanogenic archaea in ancient Longji rice Terraces in China显示文摘Chronosequences of ancient rice terraces serve as an invaluable archive for reconstructions of historical human-environment interactions. Presently, however, these reconstructions are based on traditional soil physico-chemical properties. The microorganisms in palaeosols have been unexplored. We hypothesized that microbial information can be used as an additional proxy to complement and consolidate archaeological interpretations. To test this hypothesis, the palaeoenvironmental methanogenic archaeal DNA in Longji Terraces, one of the famous ancient terraces in China, dating back to the late Yuan Dynasty(CE1361–1406), was chronosequenced by high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the methanogenic archaeal abundance, diversity and community composition were closely associated with the 630 years of rice cultivation and in line with changes in multi-proxy data. Particularly, the centennial-and decadalscale influences of known historical events, including social turbulences(The Taiping Rebellion, CE1850–1865), palaeoclimate changes(the Little Ice Age) and recorded natural disasters(earthquakes and inundation), on ancient agricultural society were clearly echoed in the microbial archives as variations in alpha and beta diversity. This striking correlation suggests that the microorganisms archived in palaeosols can be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to provide an additional proxy, and palaeo-microbial information could be routinely incorporated in the toolkit for archaeological interpretation. | Youzhi Feng Jan Dolfing Zhiying Guo Jianwei Zhang Ganlin Zhang Shijie Li Xiangui Lin | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，12： | 4 |
| 16 | Mapping Soil Texture Based on Field Soil Moisture Observations at a High Temporal Resolution in an Oasis Agricultural Area显示文摘Due to the almost homogeneous topography in low relief areas, it is usually difficult to make accurate predictions of soil properties using topographic covariates. In this study, we examined how time series of field soil moisture observations can be used to estimate soil texture in an oasis agricultural area with low relief in the semi-arid region of northwest China. Time series of field-observed soil moisture variations were recorded for 132 h beginning at the end of an irrigation event during which the surface soil was saturated.Spatial correlation between two time-adjacent soil moisture conditions was used to select the factors for fuzzy c-means clustering. In each of the ten generated clusters, soil texture of the soil sample with the maximum fuzzy membership value was taken as the cluster centroid. Finally, a linearly weighted average was used to predict soil texture from the centroids. The results showed that soil moisture increased with the increase of clay and silt contents, but decreased with the increase of sand content. The spatial patterns of soil moisture changed during the entire soil drying phase. We assumed that these changes were mainly caused by spatial heterogeneity of soil texture. A total of 64 independent samples were used to evaluate the prediction accuracy. The root mean square error(RMSE)values of clay, silt and sand were 1.63, 2.81 and 3.71, respectively. The mean relative error(RE) values were 9.57% for clay, 3.77% for silt and 12.83% for sand. It could be concluded that the method used in this study was effective for soil texture mapping in the low-relief oasis agricultural area and could be applicable in other similar irrigation agricultural areas. | YANG Renmin LIU Feng ZHANG Ganlin ZHAO Yuguo LI Decheng YANG Jinling YANG Fei YANG Fan | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，5： | 3 |
| 17 | Characterization of Some Calcareous Soils from Henan and Their Proposed Classification in Chinese Soil Taxonomy显示文摘Calcareous soils are those soils containing layers of carbonate accumulation formed by either secondary accumulation or inheritance of CaCO_3 from calcareous parent materials.These soils are widely distributed in arid,semi-arid and even some humid climate environments.However,in the Chinese Soil Taxonomy(CST,3rd version),the soils that contain large amounts of CaCO_3 but do not meet requirements of Aridosols are classified as Hapli-Ustic Cambosols.This group also includes many non-calcareous soils and those soils strongly affected by secondary carbonate accumulation together with quite dissimilar soils in terms of their morphology and properties.This study was conducted to determine calcification patterns and calcic processes occurring in representative pedons of calcareous soils in northwestern Henan Province,China and to classify these soils in CST.A Calcic subgroup was proposed to add within the Hapli-Ustic Cambosols.A diagnostic key was also provided to separate this subgroup from the Typic subgroup.In this way the different calcification degrees of soils were better reflected in the classification,which should lead to more uniform interpretive groups for better soil management. | JU Bing WU Kening ZHANG Ganlin David G. ROSSITER LI Ling | 2017 | Pedosphere2017，27，4： | 3 |
| 18 | Assessment of Plant-Driven Mineral Weathering in an Aggrading Forested Watershed in Subtropical China显示文摘Plant growth contributes to mineral weathering,but this contribution remains poorly understood.Weathering rates in an aggrading forested watershed in subtropical China were studied by means of geochemical mass balance.Rainfall,dry deposition,and streamwater were monitored from March 2007 to February 2012.Samples of vegetative components,rainfall,dry deposition,streamwater,representative soils,and parent rock were collected and determined for mass balance calculation and clarifying plant-driven weathering mechanisms stoichiometrically.Ignoring biomass,weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na^+,and Si were 25.6,10.7,2.8,and 51.0 kg ha-1year-1,respectively.Taking biomass into consideration,weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and Si and the sum of weathering rates of Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),Na+,K+,and Si were 2.6,1.8,1.2,and 1.5-fold higher than those ignoring biomass,respectively.This is attributed to plant-driven weathering due to the nutrient(e.g.,Ca^(2+),Mg^(2+),and K^+) absorption by vegetation and substantial proton production during assimilation of these nutrients,with the former acting as a pump for removing weathering products and the latter being a source of weathering agents solubilizing mineral components.The same pattern of weathering,i.e.,higher rates of weathering with than without including biomass in mass balance calculation,was reported in previous studies;however,the extent to which plants drive weathering rates varied with vegetation types and climatic zones.The documented biological weathering driven by plants is expected to play a critical role in regulating nutrient cycling and material ?ows within the Earth's Critical Zone. | ZUO Shuangmiao YANG Jinling HUANG Laiming David G.ROSSITER ZHANG Ganlin | 2016 | Pedosphere2016，26，6： | 3 |
| 19 | A classification scheme for Earth’s critical zones and its application in China显示文摘As the thin layer at the Earth’s terrestrial surface,the critical zone(CZ)ranges from the vegetation canopy to the aquifer or the interface between saprolite and bedrock and varies greatly in space.In the last decade,much attention has been paid to the establishment of Critical Zone Observatories(CZOs)that focus on various aspects of CZ science over different time scales.However,to the best of our knowledge,few studies have explicitly contributed to CZ classification or regionalization;thus,the spatial patterns of similar CZs have not been clearly identified.This study proposed a three-category CZ classification scheme by integrating environmental factors that greatly affect the transfer of energy and mass in the Earth’s near-surface environment and thus dominate CZ formation and evolution,i.e.,climate,parent material,soil type,groundwater table depth,geomorphology and land use.The main goal was to highlight the zonality of these driving forces,of which the high-category classification units were overlaid to delineate the CZ boundaries.The CZ regionalization of China was performed as a case study,resulting in 44 major regions(1st category),100 submajor regions(2nd category)and 1448 regions(3rd category).The spatial distributions and driving factors of the ten largest regions were identified,followed by a simple comparison of the CZO network.Then,the proposed CZ regionalization was compared with recent studies on regionalization in China to evaluate its successes and weaknesses.By linking together CZ studies from the last decade,we advocate that a theoretical framework integrating the CZ evolution processes with ecological functions acts as one of the frontiers of CZ science.Our study demonstrates that the proposed three-category CZ classification scheme effectively identifies the spatial variations in CZs and could thus be further applied in other areas to advance terrestrial environmental research and provide decision support for the sustainable management of natural resources. | Ganlin ZHANG Xiaodong SONG Kening WU | 2021 | Science China Earth Sciences2021，64，10： | 3 |
| 20 | Watershed science:Bridging new advances in hydrological science with good management of river basins显示文摘Watershed science traditionally refers to the themes of hydrology and water resource management.Watershed science has been experiencing a rapid evolution that thrives on a forceful superimposition of multi-discipline and innovative earth observing and information techniques.The water and its interactions with other systems in a watershed is increasingly becoming a focus in scientific communities,and several new disciplines such as ecohydrology,ecoeconomics,environmental hy- | LI Xin ZHANG GanLin HE ChanSheng | 2015 | Science China Earth Sciences2015，58，1： | 2 |
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