| 1 | Features analysis of five-element theory and its basal effects on construction of visceral manifestation theory显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To study the Chinese ancient five-element theory,one of the philosophical foundations of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)theory construction,from the perspective of comtemporary cognitive science,and to reveal the important functions of five-element theory in the construction of TCM theory.METHODS:The basic effects of five-element theory in the construction of TCM theory are intensively expounded and proved from the following aspects:embodiment of five-element theory in cognizing the world,quasi axiom of five-element theory in essence,classification thery of family resemblance and deductive inference pattern of five-element theory,and the openness and expansibility of five-element theory.RESULTS:If five-element theory is considered acognitive pattern or cognitive system related to culture,then there should be features of cognitive embodiment in the cognitive system.If five-element theory is regarded as a symbolic system,however,then there should be a quasi-axiom for the system,and inferential deduction.If,however,five-element theory is taken as a theoretical constructive metaphor,then there should be features of opening and expansibility for the metaphor.CONCLUSION:Based on five-element theory,this study provides a cognitive frame for the construction of TCM(a medicine that originated in China,and is characterized by holism and treatment based on pattern identification differentiation)theory with the function of constructing a concept base,thereby implying further research strategies.Useful information may be produced from the creative inferences obtained from the incorporation of five-element theory. | Zimi Ma Chunhua Jia Jin Guo Haorong Gu Yanhuan Miao | 2014 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2014，34，1： | 3 |
| 2 | Appropriate Metabolic Energy, Crude Protein, Calciumand Available Phosphorus Levels of Diet for BlackMuscovy Duck at 43-91 Days of Age显示文摘[Objective] The paper was to study the effects of diet formulation with different nutrition levels on growth and slaughter performance of black muscovy duck at the age of 43-91 days. [Method] Totally 288 individuals of 43-day-old black muscovy duck were randomly divided into nine treatments, four repeats each treatment and eight ducks each repeat. Using L9(34) orthogonal experiment design(four factors and three levels),three metabolic energy levels(12.32, 12.72, 13.12 MJ/kg), three crude protein levels(14%, 16%, 18%), three calcium levels(0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%)and three available phosphorus levels(0.30%, 0.45%, 0.6%) were designed, and a total of nine feeding groups(C1-C9) were designed according to different nutritional levels. Through combination of feeding test(49 d) and metabolic test(pre-test 4 d and formal test 3 d), the growth performance,meat performance and apparent nutrient digestibility of ducks were determined. [Result] The ducks in experimental group C2 had the highest average daily gain, the lowest feed gain ratio, the largest body oblique length, chest width, chest depth and tibia length, which had significant or ex-tremely significant differences with other groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01). The slaughter rate, semi-eviscerated rate, eviscerated rate and meat quality of ducks in C2 group were higher(P<0.05). The apparent digestibility of crude protein and dietary metabolic energy in C2 group were 88.68% and63.07%, respectively, both were significantly or extremely significantly higher than the other groups( P<0.05 or P<0.01), while the interaction effect of calcium and phosphorus level on apparent digestibility was not obvious. [Conclusion] Under the experimental conditions, the suitable metabolic energy, crude protein, calcium, available phosphorus and total phosphorus levels of 43-91 days old black muscovy ducks were 12.32 MJ/kg,16.10%, 0.92%, 0.45% and 0.68%, respectively. | Zhang Ling Gu Wenjie Zhang Kai Duan Xiujun Qin Haorong Bian Youqing duan yongbo | 2018 | Animal Husbandry and Feed Science2018，10，4： | 0 |
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