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| 1 | Antioxidants,inflammation and cardiovascular disease显示文摘Multiple factors are involved in the etiology of cardiovascular disease(CVD). Pathological changes occur in a variety of cell types long before symptoms become apparent and diagnosis is made. Dysregulation of physiological functions are associated with the activation of immune cells,leading to local and finally systemic inflammation that is characterized by production of high levels of reactive oxygen species(ROS). Patients suffering from inflammatory diseases often present with diminished levels of antioxidants either due to insufficient dietary intake or,and even more likely,due to increased demand in situations of overwhelming ROS production by activated immune effector cells like macrophages. Antioxidants are suggested to beneficially interfere with diseases-related oxidative stress,however the interplay of endogenous and exogenous antioxidants with the overall redox system is complex. Moreover,molecular mechanisms underlying oxidative stress in CVD are not fully elucidated. Metabolic dybalances are suggested to play a major role in disease onset and progression. Several central signalingpathways involved in the regulation of immunological,metabolic and endothelial function are regulated in a redox-sensitive manner. During cellular immune response,interferon γ-dependent pathways are activated such as tryptophan breakdown by the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) in monocyte-derived macrophages,fibroblasts,endothelial and epithelial cells. Neopterin,a marker of oxidative stress and immune activation is produced by GTP-cyclohydrolase Ⅰ in macrophages and dendritic cells. Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is induced in several cell types to generate nitric oxide(NO). NO,despite its low reactivity,is a potent antioxidant involved in the regulation of the vasomotor tone and of immunomodulatory signaling pathways. NO inhibits the expression and function of IDO. Function of NOS requires the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin(BH4),which is produced in humans primarily by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Highly toxic peroxynitrite(ONOO-) is formed solely in the presence of superoxide anion(O2-). Neopterin and kynurenine to tryptophan ratio(Kyn/Trp),as an estimate of IDO enzyme activity,are robust markers of immune activation in vitro and in vivo. Both these diagnostic parameters are able to predict cardiovascular and overall mortality in patients at risk. Likewise,a significant association exists between increase of neopterin concentrations and Kyn/Trp ratio values and the lowering of plasma levels of vitamin-C,-E and-B. Vitamin-B deficiency is usually accompanied by increased plasma homoycsteine. Additional determination of NO metabolites,BH4 and plasma antioxidants in patients with CVD and related clinical settings can be helpful to improve the understanding of redox-regulation in health and disease and might provide a rationale for potential antioxidant therapies in CVD. | Harald Mangge Kathrin Becker Dietmar Fuchs Johanna M Gostner | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，6： | 25 |
| 2 | Engineering the Interfacial Materials of Organic Field-Effect Transistors for Efficient Charge Transport显示文摘CONSPECTUS:The development of organic field-effect transistors(OFETs)has witnessed impressive advances in organic electronics,which has broad application prospects in artificial intelligence,information technology,energy storage,and medical treatments.How to reveal the interface behavior of charge carriers and how to obtain efficient charge transfer of OFETs are very important scientific issues,which are essential for the construction of highperformance OFETs and also for the further understanding of the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductor materials.To this end,the investigation of interfacial materials and related interface engineering is an effective and promising approach,offering potential capabilities of optimizing molecular packing of semiconductors,interface energy alignments,growth morphology,charge injection/output,and contact resistance for efficient charge transport.In this Account,we present our recent progress on engineering the interface materials of OFETs for efficient charge transport.Polymer dielectrics as indispensable components of OFETs have the capability of tuning the charge transport by modulating the interface,such as surface functionalization,chemical structural optimization,and self-assembly of functional groups into nanostructures.It is noted that the chemical-structure engineered polymer dielectrics endowing them with nanostructures on their surfaces represent a promising method for interface engineering.Besides pure polymer dielectrics,surface self-assembled monolayers also well-tune molecular packing of semiconductors for efficient photogenerated carrier transport in optoelectronic devices.In comparison with dielectric modulation,micro-/nanopatterning of source/drain electrodes is a novel and effective approach to optimize device interfaces and improve device performance for efficient charge transfer.Different from the bulk film,the monolayer semiconductor might produce highly efficient charge transport because of its two-dimensional nature with fewer grain boundaries and interface defects.Thanks to the charge density redistribution occurring at semiconductor/dielectric interface,the monolayer semiconductor on a pure polymer dielectric exhibited highly efficient charge transport.Interface engineering has promoted the significant progress of OFETs in the preceding years.We hope the above-mentioned methodologies of engineering the interfacial materials(e.g.,the dielectric,semiconductor and electrode)to achieve efficient charge transport of OFETs in this Account will offer a new strategy for designing high-performance optoelectronic devices. | Deyang Ji Liqiang Li Harald Fuchs Wenping Hu | 2021 | Accounts of Materials Research2021，2，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Stereospecific Interaction Between Immune Cells and Chiral Surfaces显示文摘 | Sun T Han Dong Harald Fuchs | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Stereoselective Interaction Between DNA and Chiral Surfaces显示文摘 | Tang K Sun Tao Harald Fuchs | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Self‐assembled fullerene(C60)‐pentacene superstructures for photodetectors显示文摘Fullerene assembling with specific donor molecules would yield multi-functional metamaterials via the collective behavior,wherein linear acenes are widely used as donor molecules to construct the charge‐transfer heterojunction structure with fullerene.However,they are generally prepared by vacuum deposition due to the insoluble property of high‐performance linear acenes molecules in common solvents,which makes the construction of fullerene with insoluble donor molecules still be a big challenge in the solution‐processed method.To this end,chemical modification provides an effective solution‐processed strategy to construct donor and acceptor systems.Here,the C60‐pentacene is assembled into controllable flower‐like superstructures by the surface grafting method.It is found that the nanofeatures of the microflowers could be regulated by temperature,resulting in dense‐flakes morphology at room temperature and loose flakes at high temperatures.Furthermore,the dense‐flakes microflowers structures with less mass but better crystalline structure exhibit better optoelectronic properties.Our results reveal an effective control on the nanofeatures of the self‐assembled fullerenes complex super-structures and their role for the optoelectronic performance,which may promote the exploring of fullerene superstructures as photodetectors. | Qin Tang Guangpu Zhang Bohong Jiang Deyang Ji Huihui Kong Kristina Riehemann Qingmin Ji Harald Fuchs | 2021 | SmartMat2021，2，1： | 0 |
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