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| 1 | The role of gut microbiota(commensal bacteria)and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer:contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases显示文摘Metagenomic approaches are currently being used to decipher the genome of the microbiota(microbiome),and,in parallel,functional studies are being performed to analyze the effects of the microbiota on the host.Gnotobiological methods are an indispensable tool for studying the consequences of bacterial colonization.Animals used as models of human diseases can be maintained in sterile conditions(isolators used for germ-free rearing)and specifically colonized with defined microbes(including non-cultivable commensal bacteria).The effects of the germ-free state or the effects of colonization on disease initiation and maintenance can be observed in these models.Using this approach we demonstrated direct involvement of components of the microbiota in chronic intestinal inflammation and development of colonic neoplasia(i.e.,using models of human inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal carcinoma).In contrast,a protective effect of microbiota colonization was demonstrated for the development of autoimmune diabetes in non-obese diabetic(NOD)mice.Interestingly,the development of atherosclerosis in germ-free apolipoprotein E(ApoE)-deficient mice fed by a standard low-cholesterol diet is accelerated compared with conventionally reared animals.Mucosal induction of tolerance to allergen Bet v1 was not influenced by the presence or absence of microbiota.Identification of components of the microbiota and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of their action in inducing pathological changes or exerting beneficial,disease-protective activities could aid in our ability to influence the composition of the microbiota and to find bacterial strains and components(e.g.,probiotics and prebiotics)whose administration may aid in disease prevention and treatment. | Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Renata Stepankova Hana Kozakova Tomas Hudcovic Luca Vannucci Ludmila Tuckova Pavel Rossmann TomasHrncır Miloslav Kverka Zuzana Zakostelska Klara Klimesova Jaroslava Pribylova Jirina Bartova Daniel Sanchez Petra Fundova Dana Borovska Dagmar Sru˚tkova Zdenek Zıdek Martin Schwarzer Pavel Drastich David P Funda | 2011 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2011，8，2： | 47 |
| 2 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: What the clinician needs to know显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is the most frequent cause of liver disease in the Western world. Furthermore, it is increasing worldwide, paralleling the obesity pandemic. Though highly frequent, only about one fifth of affected subjects are at risk of developing the progressive form of the disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with fibrosis. Even in the latter, liver disease is slowly progressive, though, since it is so prevalent, it is already the third cause of liver transplantation in the United States, and it is predicted to get to the top of the ranking in few years. Of relevance, fatty liver is also associated with increased overall mortality and particularly increased cardiovascular mortality. The literature and amount of published papers on NAFLD is increasing as fast as its prevalence, which makes it difficult to keep updated in this topic. This review aims to summarize the latest knowledge on NAFLD, in order to help clinicians understanding its pathogenesis and advances on diagnosis and treatment. | Mariana Verdelho Machado Helena Cortez-Pinto | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 45 |
| 3 | 皮质下小血管病诊断的共识声明显示文摘血管性认知损害是用于描述一组涉及大血管和小血管的散发性和遗传性异质性疾病的诊断术语。皮质下小血管病可导致腔隙性梗死和进行性白质损害。被称为宾斯旺格病(Binswanger's disease, BD)的进行性白质损害患者构成了从单纯血管性疾病到合并神经变性病变的疾病谱。BD患者是一个相对同质性的亚组,存在缺氧缺血、腔隙性梗死和炎症,它们协同作用破坏血脑屏障和髓鞘。通过临床、脑脊液、神经心理学和影像学检查获得的多模式疾病标记物能促进该亚组患者的鉴别。本共识声明确定了一系列基于基础病理学改变的潜在生物学标记物,这将有助于诊断以及将来协作性治疗试验的患者选择。 | Gary A Rosenberg Anders Wallin Joanna M Wardlaw Hugh S Markus Joan Montaner Leslie Wolfson Costantino Iadecola Berislav V Zlokovic Anne Joutel Martin Dichgans Marco Duering Reinhold Schmidt Amos D Korczyn Lea T Grinberg Helena C Chui Vladimir Hachinski 王训师 张劼 陈涵丰 俞娅美 徐子奇 罗本燕 | 2016 | 国际脑血管病杂志2016，24，6： | 18 |
| 4 | H pylori (CagA) and Epstein-Barr virus infection in gastric carcinomas:Correlation with p53 mutation and c-Myc,Bcl-2 and Bax expression显示文摘AIM: To investigate the interrelationship between H pylori and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in the gastric carcinogenesis having in focus the p53 mutation and the c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression. METHODS: seventy-one gastric carcinoma tissues were assessed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for H pylori and in situ hybridization for EBV. c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bax expression were detected by immunohistochemistry and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) for p53 mutation. RESULTS: The positivity rates for H pylori and EBV were 94.4% and 8.45%, respectively. The majority of the cases displayed only the H pylori presence. All EBV positive cases were also H pylori positive. None infectious agent was observed in 5.55% of the cases. The intestinal type tumor was more frequent in the co-infected and non-infected groups. The female predominated in the non-infected group showing statistical significance (70.4% vs 29.6%, P=0.039). The Bcl-2 was only detected in the group exclusively infected by H pylori. However, c-Myc and Bax were detected in the three groups but with a low frequency in the co-infected group. Mutation of p53 was present in all groups, with the highest frequencies in the H pylori positive groups. CONCLUSION: The frequency of H pylori infection in gastric carcinomas was high. The presented data indicated that gastric carcinogenesis has different pathways depending of the presence of the two investigated infectious agents, suggesting a possible involvement of H pylori with apoptotic process. The low expression of c-Myc and Bax in the EBV-positive groups suggests that EBV may inhibit the expression of these proteins. Nevertheless, p53 mutation shows to be a relevant alteration, independent of both infectious agents. | Valeska Portela Lima Marcos Antonio Pereira de Lima Angela Rosa André Márcia Valéria Pitombeira Ferreira Marcos Aurélio Pessoa Barros Sílvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，6： | 17 |
| 5 | 米非司酮与米索前列醇用于催经的研究显示文摘目的 评估应用米非司酮联合米索前列醇催经的效果及副反应。 方法 在全国 8个研究中心共接收了 72 0名妇女 ,平均预期月经延迟 ( 4.9± 1 .7) d。接纳当天给予 1 50 mg米非司酮 ,3 6~ 48h后门诊阴道放置 40 0μg米索前列醇 ,并留院观察 1 h。嘱服药后 1 0 d内随诊。观察指标主要为妊娠、月经来潮。测定血清雌二醇 ( E2 )及孕酮 ( P) ,以分析月经延迟时的周期时相。 结果 在 72 0名妇女中失访 1人。在 71 9名妇女中 ,就诊时已经妊娠 492人 ,其中完全和不完全流产 46 7例 ( 95.0 % ) ;妊娠继续 2 4例 ( 4.9% ) ;异位妊娠 1例 ,作进一步处理。月经延迟 2 2 7名妇女 ,其中月经来潮 2 2 2例 ( 97.8% ) ;月经延迟>45d或停经者 5例 ( 2 .2 % )。服药后副反应中有恶心 9%、呕吐 3 .1 %。血清 E2 与 P显示 ,月经延迟者有 6 0 %仍处于卵泡期水平 ,仅 3 0 %处于黄体期 ;在妊娠组 ,6 0 %血清 P和E2 的水平相当于黄体期水平 ,说明已有极早期妊娠。 结论 米非司酮与米索前列醇联合应用是有效和安全的催经止孕方法 ,对解决妇女担忧非意愿妊娠有利 。 | 肖碧莲 赵珩 吴尚纯 Helena von Hertzen Gilda Piaggio 翁梨驹 经小平 程利南 任芳明 贺昌海 桂幼伦 雷贞武 朱明辉 曹小明 汪蓉芬 丁婉华 梅庆明 | 2003 | 生殖医学杂志2003，12，3： | 17 |
| 6 | Capecitabine and cisplatin with or without cetuximab for patients with previously untreated advanced gastric cancer (EXPAND): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial显示文摘 | Florian Lordick Yoon-Koo Kang Hyun-Cheol Chung Pamela Salman Sang Cheul Oh Gy?rgy Bodoky Galina Kurteva Constantin Volovat Vladimir M Moiseyenko Vera Gorbunova Joon Oh Park Akira Sawaki Ilhan Celik Heiko G?tte Helena Melezínková Markus Moehler | 2013 | Lancet Oncology2013，，6： | 14 |
| 7 | 利用RAPD标记分析卧龙自然保护区不同海拔沙棘种群的遗传变异(英文)显示文摘从1800m到3400m五个海拔连续取样,用RAPD分子标记研究了卧龙自然保护区中国沙棘种群的遗传结构和遗传变异.用11条寡核苷酸引物,扩增得到151个重复性好的位点,其中143个多态位点,多态率达94.7%.在5个沙棘种群中,总遗传多样性值(HT)为0.289,B种群内的遗传多样性值为0.315,这完全符合沙棘这种多年生、远交的木本植物高遗传变异的特性.5个种群内遗传多样性随海拔升高呈低—高—低变异趋势,在2200m海拔处的B种群遗传多样性达最大值0.315,3400m海拔处的E种群则表现最小,仅0.098.5个种群间的遗传分化值GST=0.406,也即是说有40.6%的遗传变异存在于种群间,59.4%存在种群内.1800m海拔处的A种群与其他种群的明显分离是造成种群间遗传分化大的原因.UPGMA聚类图和PCoA散点图分别进一步确证了5个种群间关系和所有个体间的关系.最后,经过Mantel检测,遗传距离与海拔表现了明显的相关性(r=0.646,P=0.011). | 赵春芳 陈国娟 王芋华 KORPELAINEN Helena 李春阳 | 2007 | 应用与环境生物学报2007，13，6： | 13 |
| 8 | Helicobacter pylori infection as a cause of iron deficiency anaemia of unknown origin显示文摘AIM: To assess the aetiological role of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in adult patients with ironrefractory or iron-dependent anaemia of previously unknown origin. METHODS: Consecutive patients with chronic irondeficient anaemia (IDA) with H. pylori infection and a negative standard work-up were prospectively evaluated. All of them had either iron refractoriness or iron dependency. Response to H. pylori eradication was assessed at 6 and 12 mo from follow-up. H. pylori infection was considered to be the cause of the anaemia when a complete anaemia resolution without iron supplements was observed after eradication. RESULTS: H. pylori was eradicated in 88 of the 89 patients. In the non-eradicated patient the four eradicating regimens failed. There were violations of protocol in 4 patients, for whom it was not possible to ascertain the cause of the anaemia. Thus, 84 H. pylori eradicated patients (10 men; 74 women) were available to assess the effect of eradication on IDA. H. pylori infection was considered to be the aetiology of IDA in 32 patients (38.1%; 95%CI: 28.4%-48.8%). This was more frequent in men/postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women (75% vs 23.3%; P < 0.0001) with an OR of 9.8 (95%CI: 3.3-29.6). In these patients, anaemia resolution occurred in the first follow-up visit at 6 mo, and no anaemia or iron deficiency relapse was observed after a mean follow-up of 21 ± 2 mo. CONCLUSION: Gastric H. pylori infection is a frequent cause of iron-refractory or iron-dependent anaemia of previously unknown origin in adult patients. | Helena Monzón Montserrat Forné Maria Esteve Mercé Rosinach Carme Loras Jorge C Espinós Josep M Viver Antonio Salas Fernando Fernández-Baares | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，26： | 13 |
| 9 | Colonization of germ-free mice with a mixture of three lactobacillus strains enhances the integrity of gut mucosa and ameliorates allergic sensitization显示文摘临床的试用和动物实验的增加的数字显示出细菌为过敏症预防正在答应工具的那 probiotic。这里,我们在过敏促进感受性上分析了三选择乳杆菌紧张的 immunomodulatory 性质和他们的混合的影响赌 1 用一只 gnotobiotic 老鼠建模的 v。我们显示出那乳杆菌(L.) rhamnosus LOCK0900, L。rhamnosus LOCK0908 和 L。casei LOCK0919 经由像使用费的受体被认出 2 (TLR2 ) 并且核苷酸绑定 oligomerization 包含域的蛋白质 2 (NOD2 ) 受体并且刺激骨头在种类依赖者和紧张依赖者礼貌生产 cytokines 的导出髓的树枝状的房间。殖民无菌(GF ) 有所有三紧张(Lmix ) 的混合物的鼠标由加强 enterocytes 的顶端的 junctional 建筑群并且恢复延续到终端网的微细丝的结构改进了肠的障碍。与 Lmix 开拓殖民地于并且敏化 1 变应原到赌注 v 的老鼠显著地象一个增加的转变生长因素(TGF ) 一样在 sera 和肠的 lavages 显示出变应原特定的 IgE, IgG1 和 IgG2a 和提高的全部的 IgA 水平的底层 -β与敏化的 GF 老鼠相比铺平。从开拓殖民地于 Lmix 的老鼠的 Splenocytes 和 mesenteric 淋巴节点房间显示出 TGF-β 的重要 upregulation;在以后在有赌注 v 的 vitro 刺激 1。我们的结果证明 Lmix 殖民改进了内脏对赌注 v 的上皮的障碍和减少的过敏促进感受性 1。而且,这些调查结果被传播和能分泌的 IgA 和规章的 cytokine TGF-β 的增加的生产伴随;。因此,三乳杆菌紧张的这混合物在人在增加的内脏渗透和过敏症的发作的预防为使用显示出潜力。 | Hana Kozakova Martin Schwarzer Ludmila Tuckova Dagmar Srutkova Elzbieta Czarnowska Ilona Rosiak Tomas Hudcovic Irma Schabussova Petra Hermanova Zuzana Zakostelska Tamara Aleksandrzak-Piekarczyk Anna Koryszewska-Baginska Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova Bozena Cukrowska | 2016 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2016，13，2： | 10 |
| 10 | The functional significance of dentin sialoprotein-phosphophoryn and dentin sialoprotein显示文摘Phosphophoryn (PP) and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) are the most dominant non-collagenous proteins in dentin. PP is an extremely acidic protein that can function as a mineral nucleator for dentin mineralization. DSP was first identified in 1981, yet its functional significance is still controversial. Historically, these two proteins were considered to be independently synthesized and secreted by dental pulp cells into the developing dentin matrix. However, with the identification of the DSP coding sequence in 1994, followed2 years later by the finding that the PP coding sequence was located immediately downstream from the DSP sequence, it became immediately clear that DSP and PP proteins were derived from a single DSP-PP (i.e., dentin sialophosphoprotein, DSPP) transcript.Since DSPP cDNA became available, tremendous progress has been made in studying DSP-PP mRNA distribution and DSP generation from the DSP-PP precursor protein at specific cleavage sites by protease tolloid-related-1 (TLR1) or bone morphogenetic protein 1 (BMP1). The functions of DSP-PP and DSP were investigated via DSP-PP knockout (KO) and DSP knockin in DSP-PP KO mice. In addition, a number of in vitro studies aimed to elucidate DSPP and DSP function in dental pulp cells. | Helena Ritchie | 2018 | International Journal of Oral Science2018，10，4： | 10 |
| 11 | A position statement on NAFLD/NASH based on the EASL 2009 special conference显示文摘 | Vlad Ratziu Stefano Bellentani Helena Cortez-Pinto Chris Day Giulio Marchesini | 2010 | Journal of Hepatology2010，，2： | 9 |
| 12 | Interrelationship between chromosome 8 aneuploidy,C-MYC amplification and increased expression in individuals from northern Brazil with gastric adenocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To investigate chromosome 8 numerical aberra- tions, C-MYC oncogene alterations and its expression in gastric cancer and to correlate these findings with histo- pathological characteristics of gastric tumors. METHODS: Specimens were collected surgically from seven patients with gastric adenocarcinomas. Immu- nostaining for C-MYC and dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for C-MYC gene and chromosome 8 centromere were performed. RESULTS: All the cases showed chromosome 8 aneu- ploidy and C-MYC amplification, in both the diffuse and intestinal histopathological types of Lauren. No significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the level ofchromosome 8 ploidy and the site, stage or histological type of the adenocarcinomas. C-MYC high amplification, like homogeneously stained regions (HSRs) and double minutes (DMs), was observed only in the intestinal-type. Structural rearrangement of C-MYC, like translocation, was observed only in the diffuse type. Regarding C-MYC gene, a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between the two histological types. The C-MYC protein was expressed in all the studied cases. In the intestinal- type the C-MYC immunoreactivity was localized only in the nucleus and in the diffuse type in the nucleus and cytoplasm. CONCLUSION: Distinct patterns of alterations between intestinal and diffuse types of gastric tumors support the hypothesis that these types follow different genetic path- ways. | Danielle Queiroz Calcagno Mariana Ferreira Leal Aline Damaceno Seabra Andre Salim Khayat Elizabeth Suchi Chen Samia Demachki Paulo Pimentel Assumpcao Mario Henrique Girao Faria Silvia Helena Barem Rabenhorst Márcia Valéria Pitombeira Ferreira Marília de Arruda Cardoso Smith Rommel Rodríguez Burbano | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，38： | 9 |
| 13 | Update on hepatitis B and C virus diagnosis显示文摘Viral hepatitis B and C virus(HBV and HCV) are responsible for the most of chronic liver disease worldwide and are transmitted by parenteral route, sexual and vertical transmission. One important measure to reduce the burden of these infections is the diagnosis of acute and chronic cases of HBV and HCV. In order to provide an effective diagnosis and monitoring of antiviral treatment, it is important to choose sensitive, rapid, inexpensive, and robust analytical methods. Primary diagnosis of HBV and HCV infection is made by using serological tests for detecting antigens and antibodies against these viruses. In order to confirm primary diagnosis, to quantify viral load, to determine genotypes and resistance mutants for antiviral treatment, qualitative and quantitative molecular tests are used. In this manuscript, we review the current serological and molecular methods for the diagnosis of hepatitis B and C. | Livia Melo Villar Helena Medina Cruz Jakeline Ribeiro Barbosa Cristianne Sousa Bezerra Moyra Machado Portilho Letícia de Paula Scalioni | 2015 | World Journal of Virology2015，4，4： | 9 |
| 14 | Mechanisms of neuroplasticity and brain degeneration: strategies for protection during the aging process显示文摘Aging is a dynamic and progressive process that begins at conception and continues until death.This process leads to a decrease in homeostasis and morphological,biochemical and psychological changes,increasing the individual’s vulnerability to various diseases.The growth in the number of aging populations has increased the prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases,impairment of the central nervous system and dementias,such as Alzheimer’s disease,whose main risk factor is age,leading to an increase of the number of individuals who need daily support for life activities.Some theories about aging suggest it is caused by an increase of cellular senescence and reactive oxygen species,which leads to inflammation,oxidation,cell membrane damage and consequently neuronal death.Also,mitochondrial mutations,which are generated throughout the aging process,can lead to changes in energy production,deficiencies in electron transport and apoptosis induction that can result in decreased function.Additionally,increasing cellular senescence and the release of proinflammatory cytokines can cause irreversible damage to neuronal cells.Recent reports point to the importance of changing lifestyle by increasing physical exercise,improving nutrition and environmental enrichment to activate neuroprotective defense mechanisms.Therefore,this review aims to address the latest information about the different mechanisms related to neuroplasticity and neuronal death and to provide strategies that can improve neuroprotection and decrease the neurodegeneration caused by aging and environmental stressors. | Mariana Toricelli Arthur Antonio Ruiz Pereira Guilherme Souza Abrao Helena Nascimento Malerba Julia Maia Hudson Sousa Buck Tania Araujo Viel | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 15 | Physical activity, obesity and gastroesophageal reflux disease in the general population显示文摘AIM: To clarify the association between physical activity and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in nonobese and obese people. METHODS: A Swedish population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted. Participants aged 40-79 years were randomly selected from the Swedish Registry of the Total Population. Data on physical activity, GERD, body mass index (BMI) and the covariates age, gender, comorbidity, education, sleeping problems, and tobacco smoking were obtained using validated questionnaires. GERD was self-reported and defined as heartburn or regurgitation at least once weekly, and having at least moderate problems from such symptoms. Frequency of physical activity was categorized into three groups: (1) 'high' (several times/week); (2) 'intermediate' (approximately once weekly); and (3) 'low' (1-3 times/mo or less). Analyses were stratified for participants with 'normal weight' (BMI < 25 kg/m 2 ), 'overweight' (BMI 25 to ≤ 30 kg/m 2 ) and 'obese' (BMI > 30 kg/m 2 ). Multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusted for potential confounding by covariates. RESULTS: Of 6969 eligible and randomly selected individuals, 4910 (70.5%) participated. High frequency of physical activity was reported by 2463 (50%) participants, GERD was identified in 472 (10%) participants, and obesity was found in 680 (14%). There were 226 (5%) individuals with missing information about BMI. Normal weight, overweight and obese participants were similar regarding distribution of gender and tobacco smoking status, while obese participants were on average slightly older, had fewer years of education, more comorbidity, slightly more sleeping problems, lower frequency of physical activity, and higher occurrence of GERD. Among the 2146 normal-weight participants, crude point estimates indicated a decreased risk of GERD among individuals with high frequency of physical activity (OR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.39-0.89), compared to low frequency of physical activity. However, after adjustment for potential confounding factors, neither intermediate (OR: 1.30, 95% CI: 0.75-2.26) nor high (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: 0.62-1.60) frequency of physical activity was followed by decreased risk of GERD. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders. Among the 1859 overweight participants, crude point estimates indicated no increased or decreased risk of GERD among individuals with intermediate or high frequency of physical activity, compared to low frequency. After adjustment for confounding, neither intermediate (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.46-1.22) nor high frequency of physical activity were followed by increased or decreased risk of GERD compared to low frequency among nonobese participants. Sleeping problems and high comorbidity were identified as potential confounders for overweight participants. In obese individuals, crude ORs were similar to the adjusted ORs and no particular confounding factors were identified. Intermediate frequency of physical activity was associated with a decreased occurrence of GERD compared to low frequency of physical activity (adjusted OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.22-0.77). CONCLUSION: Intermediate frequency of physical activity might decrease the risk of GERD among obese individuals, while no influence of physical activity on GERD was found in non-obese people. | Therese Djrv Anna Wikman Helena Nordenstedt Asif Johar Jesper Lagergren Pernilla Lagergren | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，28： | 8 |
| 16 | FAIR Data Reuse-the Path through Data Citation显示文摘One of the key goals of the FAIR guiding principles is defined by its final principle-to optimize data sets for reuse by both humans and machines.To do so,data providers need to implement and support consistent machine readable metadata to describe their data sets.This can seem like a daunting task for data providers,whether it is determining what level of detail should be provided in the provenance metadata or figuring out what common shared vocabularies should be used.Additionally,for existing data sets it is often unclear what steps should be taken to enable maximal,appropriate reuse.Data citation already plays an important role in making data findable and accessible,providing persistent and unique identifiers plus metadata on over 16 million data sets.In this paper,we discuss how data citation and its underlying infrastructures,in particular associated metadata,provide an important pathway for enabling FAIR data reuse. | Paul Groth Helena Cousijn Tim Clark Carole Goble | 2020 | Data Intelligence2020，2，1： | 8 |
| 17 | In vitro antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial effect of aqueous and ethanolic moringa leaf extracts (Moringa oleifera) on the growth of gram-positive and negative bacteria.Methods:Paper disks were soaked with 100,200,300 and 400μL of extract at 20 g/180mL and 10 g/190 mL.All extracts were tested against Escherichia coli(ATCC25922),Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC25923),Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Enterococcus faecalis(ATCC29212),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC27853), Salmonella enteritidis(IH) and Aeromonas caviae.The susceptibility tests were performed using the modified disk diffusion method.Results:The strains E.coli,P.aeruginosa and S.enteritidis (IH) were resistant to all treatments.In general,disks with 400μL extract were the most efficient against S.aureus,V.parahaemolyticus,E.faecalis and A.caviae.Conclusions:The study indicates a promising potential for aqueous and ethanolic Moringa leaf extracts as alternative treatment of infections caused by the tested strains. | Jackson Rafael Oliveira Peixoto Giselle Cristina Silva Renata Albuquerque Costa Joseires Lira de Sousa Fontenelle Gustavo Hitzschky Fernandes Vieira Antonio Adauto Fonteles Filho Regine Helena Silva dos Fernandes Vieira | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，3： | 7 |
| 18 | Modulation of faecal metagenome in Crohn's disease:Role of microRNAs as biomarkers显示文摘BACKGROUND The gut microbiota plays a key role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and the development and activation of the host immune system. It has been shown that commensal bacterial species can regulate the expression of host genes. 16 S rRNA gene sequencing has shown that the microbiota in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is abnormal and characterized by reduced diversity. Micro RNAs(miRNAs) have been explored as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, since they are able to regulate specific genes associated with Crohn's disease(CD). In this work, we aim to investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-na?ve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.AIM To investigate the composition of gut microbiota of active treatment-na?ve adult CD patients, with miRNA profile from gut microbiota.METHODS Patients attending the outpatient clinics at Valme University Hospital without relevant co-morbidities were matched according to age and gender. Faecal samples of newonset CD patients, free of treatment, and healthy controls were collected. Faecal samples were homogenized, and DNA was amplified by PCR using primers directed to the 16 S bacterial rRNA gene. Pyrosequencing was performed using GS-Junior platform. For sequence analysis, MGRAST server with the database Ribosomal Project was used. MiRNA profile and their relative abundance were analyzed by quantitative PCR.RESULTS Microbial community was characterized using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing in 29 samples(n = 13 CD patients, and n = 16 healthy controls). The mean Shannon diversity was higher in the healthy control population compared to CD group(5.5 vs 3.7). A reduction in Firmicutes and an increase in Bacteroidetes were found. Clostridia class was also significantly reduced in CD. Principal components analysis showed a grouping pattern, identified in most of the subjects in both groups, showing a marked difference between control and CD groups. A functional metabolic study showed that a lower metabolism of carbohydrates(P = 0.000) was found in CD group, while the metabolism of lipids was increased. In CD patients, three miRNAs were induced in affected mucosa: mir-144(6.2 ± 1.3 fold), mir-519(21.8 ± 3.1) and mir-211(2.3 ± 0.4). CONCLUSION Changes in microbial function in active non-treated CD subjects and three miRNAs in affected vs non-affected mucosa have been found. miRNAs profile may serve as a biomarker. | María Rojas-Feria Teresa Romero-García Jose Angel Fernández Caballero-Rico Helena Pastor Ramírez Marta Avilés-Recio Manuel Castro-Fernandez Natalia Chueca Porcuna Manuel Romero-Gomez Federico García Lourdes Grande JoséA Del Campo | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，46： | 7 |
| 19 | Cholesterol metabolism in cholestatic liver disease and liver transplantation:From molecular mechanisms to clinical implications显示文摘The aim of this review is to enlighten the critical roles that the liver plays in cholesterol metabolism. Liver transplantation can serve as gene therapy or a source of gene transmission in certain conditions that affect cholesterol metabolism, such as low-density-lipoprotein(LDL) receptor gene mutations that are associated with familial hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, cholestatic liver disease often alters cholesterol metabolism. Cholestasis can lead to formation of lipoprotein X(Lp-X), which is frequently mistaken for LDL on routine clinical tests. In contrast to LDL, Lp-X is non-atherogenic, and failure to differentiate between the two can interfere with cardiovascular risk assessment, potentially leading to prescription of futile lipid-lowering therapy. Statins do not effectively lower Lp-X levels, and cholestasis may lead to accumulation of toxic levels of statins. Moreover, severe cholestasis results in poor micellar formation, which reduces cholesterol absorption, potentially impairing the cholesterol-lowering effect of ezetimibe. Apolipoprotein B-100 measurement can help distinguish between atherogenic and non-atherogenic hypercholesterolemia. Furthermore, routine serum cholesterol measurements alone cannot reflect cholesterol absorption and synthesis. Measurements of serum non-cholesterol sterol biomarkers- such as cholesterol precursor sterols, plant sterols, and cholestanol- may help with the comprehensive assessment of cholesterol metabolism. An adequate cholesterol supply is essential for liver-regenerative capacity. Low preoperative and perioperative serum cholesterol levels seem to predict mortality in liver cirrhosis and after liver transplantation. Thus, accurate lipid profile evaluation is highly important in liver disease and after liver transplantation. | Katriina Nemes Fredrik Aberg Helena Gylling Helena Isoniemi | 2016 | World Journal of Hepatology2016，8，22： | 6 |
| 20 | A short review of malabsorption and anemia显示文摘Anemia is a frequent finding in most diseases which cause malabsorption. The most frequent etiology is the combination of iron and vitamin B12 deficiency. Celiac disease is frequently diagnosed in patients referred for evaluation of iron deficiency anemia (IDA), being reported in 1.8%-14.6% of patients. Therefore, duodenal biopsies should be taken during endoscopy if no obvious cause of iron defi ciency (ID) can be found. Cobalamin defi ciency occurs frequently among elderly patients, but it is often unrecognized because the clinical manifestations are subtle; it is caused primarily by food-cobalamin malabsorption and pernicious anemia. The classic treatment of cobalamin deficiency has been parenteral administration of the vitamin. Recent data suggest that alternative routes of cobalamin administration (oral and nasal) may be useful in some cases. Anemia is a frequent complication of gastrectomy, and has been often described after bariatric surgery. It has been shown that banding procedures which maintain digestive continuity with the antrum and duodenum are associated with low rates of ID. Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection may be considered as a risk factor for IDA, mainly in groups with high demands for iron, such as some children and adolescents. Further controlled trials are needed before making solid recommendations about H pylori eradication in these cases. | Fernando Fernández-Baares Helena Monzón Montserrat Forné | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，37： | 6 |
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