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| 1 | Changing face of hepatic encephalopathy:Role of inflammation and oxidative stress显示文摘The face of hepatic encephalopathy(HE) is changing.This review explores how this neurocognitive disorder,which is associated with both acute and chronic liver injury,has grown to become a dynamic syndrome that spans a spectrum of neuropsychological impairment,from normal performance to coma.The central role of ammonia in the pathogenesis of HE remains incontrovertible.However,over the past 10 years,the HE community has begun to characterise the key roles of inflammation,infection,and oxidative/nitrosative stress in modulating the pathophysiological effects of ammonia on the astrocyte.This review explores the current thoughts and evidence base in this area and discusses the potential role of existing and novel therapies that might abrogate the oxidative and nitrosative stresses inflicted on the brain in patients with,or at risk of developing,HE. | Amit S Seyan Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，27： | 23 |
| 2 | Pathophysiology of cerebral oedema in acute liver failure显示文摘Cerebral oedema is a devastating consequence of acute liver failure(ALF)and may be associated with the development of intracranial hypertension and death.In ALF,some patients may develop cerebral oedema and increased intracranial pressure but progression to lifethreatening intracranial hypertension is less frequent than previously described,complicating less than one third of cases who have proceeded to coma since the advent of improved clinical care.The rapid onset of encephalopathy may be dramatic with the development of asterixis,delirium,seizures and coma.Cytotoxic and vasogenic oedema mechanisms have been implicated with a preponderance of experimental data favouring a cytotoxic mechanism.Astrocyte swelling is the most consistent neuropathological finding in humans with ALF and ammonia plays a definitive role in the development of cytotoxic brain oedema.The mechanism(s)by which ammonia induces astrocyte swelling remains unclear but glutamine accumulation within astrocytes has led to the osmolyte hypothesis.Current evidence also supports an alternate‘Trojan horse’hypothesis,with glutamine as a carrier of ammonia into mitochondria,where its accumulation results in oxidative stress,energy failure and ultimately astrocyte swelling.Although a complete breakdown of the blood-brain barrier is not evident in human ALF,increased permeation to water and other small molecules such as ammonia has been demonstrated resulting from subtle alterations in the protein composition of paracellular tight junctions.At present,there is no fully efficacious therapy for cerebral oedema other than liver transplantation and this reflects our incomplete knowledge of the precise mechanisms underlying this process which remain largely unknown. | Teresa R Scott Victoria T Kronsten Robin D Hughes Debbie L Shawcross | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 8 |
| 3 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 4 | 胸腹主动脉瘤:杂交修复术结果显示文摘目的:胸腹主动脉瘤(TAAA)的治疗依然是外科中最富挑战性的工作,特别是存在退行性变动脉瘤的老年患者同时患肺疾病更是如此。这篇更新后的单中心报道是关于我们对高危TAAA患者采用完全内脏动脉去分支化结合动脉瘤腔内隔绝的杂交修复术经验。方法:从2005年3月—2012年6月间58名患者在单中心接受解剖外内脏血管去分支化及随后的动脉瘤腔内隔绝术。内脏旁路的中位数为4支,最初的33例采用同期手术方式,而最近的25例采用分期手术。结果:患者中位年龄为69.0岁,50%为女性,所有患者存在严重合并症而不适合传统开放修复术。平均主动脉直径(6.7±1.2)cm,30 d/住院病死率、脑卒中率、永久性轻瘫/截瘫率分别为9%、0%以及4%。最近25例分期手术患者的这三种并发症率分别为4%、0%以及0%。平均随访时间(26±21)个月,内脏人工血管通畅率95.3%,所有闭塞的内脏人工血管均为肾动脉,无1例引起永久性截瘫,2例患者需再干预,1例出现Ib型内漏,1例出现III型内漏,5年免于再干预率为94%,Kaplan-Meier总体生存率为1年78%、5年62%,5年主动脉相关生存率为87%。结论:这些更新后的结果 ,继续支撑着这一观点:运用完全内脏动脉去分支联合动脉瘤腔内隔绝的杂交技术治疗高龄且不适合传统开放手术的高危TAAA患者是一种理想的选择,而采取分期手术的方式能取得更佳的结果。 | Gchad Hughes Nicholas D Andersen Jennifer M Hanna Richard L McCann 老启芳 | 2015 | 中国普通外科杂志2015，24，6： | 2 |
| 5 | Second order elastic deformation of solids显示文摘 | HUGHES D S KELLY J L | 1953 | Physical Review1953，92，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Fluid capacity distributions of random porous media 显示文摘 | Chan D Y C Hughes B D Paterson L | 1988 | Transport in Porous Media1988，，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Haploinsufficiency of delta- like 4 ligand results in embryonic lethality due to ma:or defects in arterial and vascular development显示文摘 | Gale N W Dominguez M G Noguera I Pan L Hughes V Va]enzuela D M | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，15： | 1 |
| 8 | The epidemiology of depression in an elderly community population显示文摘 | Blazer D Hughes D C George L K | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 9 | A vision based DSP embedded navigation sensor显示文摘 | Guannam K K Hughes D C Junkins J L | 2002 | IEEE Sensors Journal2002，2，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Seed and seedling biology in relation to modeling vegetation dynamics under global climate change显示文摘 | Leishman M R Hughes L French K Armstrong D Westoby M | 1992 | Aust J Bot1992，40，： | 1 |
| 11 | Co translational,in- traribosomal cleavage of polypeptides by the foot-and mouth dis ease virus 2A peptide显示文摘 | De Felipe P Hughes L E Ryan M D | 2003 | J Biol Chem2003，278，11： | 1 |
| 12 | Immune modulation of blood leukocytes in humans by lactic acid bacteria:criteria for strain selection显示文摘 | Schiffrin E J Brassart D Servin A L Rochat F Donnet Hughes A | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | New bis(allyl) (diketiminato) and tris( allyl)lanthanide complexes and their reactivity in the polymerization of polar monomers显示文摘 | SANCHEZ-BARBA L F HUGHES D L HUMPHREY S M | 2005 | Organometallics2005，24，15： | 1 |
| 14 | Abscisic acid induction of cloned cotton late embryogenesis-abundant (Lea) mRNAs 显示文摘 | Galau G A Hughes D W Dure III L | 1986 | Plant Mol Biol1986，7，3： | 1 |
| 15 | A New Tool for Investigating Seafloor Processes in the Coastal Zone and on the Continental Shelf 显示文摘 | Hughes Clarke J E Mayer L A Wells D E | 1996 | Marine Geophysical Research1996，18，： | 1 |
| 16 | The secreted hepatitis B preeore antigen can modulate the immune response to the nucle- ocapsid : A mechanism for persistence 显示文摘 | Milich D R Chen M K Hughes J L | 1998 | J lmmunol1998，60，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Xenon purity analysis for exo-200 via mass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Dobi A Hall C Slutsky S Yen Y R Aharmin B Auger M Barbeau P S Benitez-Medina C Breidenbach M Cleveland B Conley R Cook J Cook S Counts I Craddock W Daniels T Davis C G Davis J Devoe R Dixit M Dolinski M J Donato K Fairbank Jr W Farine J Fierlinger P Franco D Giroux G Gornea R Graham K Gratta G Green C Hagemann C Hall K Hallman D Hargrove C Herrin S Hughes M Hodgson J Juget F Karelin A Kaufman L J Kuchenkov A Kumar K Leonard D S Lutter G Mackay D Maclellan R Marino M Mong B Montero Diez M Morgan P MUller A R Neilson R Odian A Oullivan K Piepke A Pocar A Prescott C Y Pushkin K Rivas A Rollin E Rowson P C Sabourov A Sinclair D Skarpaas K Stekhanov V Strickland V Swift M Twelker K Vuilleumier J L Vuilleumier J M Weber M Wichoski U Wodin J Wright J D Yang L | 2012 | Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors and Associated Equipment2012，675，： | 1 |
| 18 | Dynamics of aboveground and soil carbon and nitrogen stocks and cycling of available nitrogen along a land-use gradient in Rond(o)nia,Brazil显示文摘 | HUGHES R F KAUFFMAN J B CUMMINGS D L | 2002 | Ecosystems2002，5，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Assignment of frequency lists in frequency hopping networks 显示文摘 | Moon J N J Hughes L A Smith D H | 2005 | IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology2005，54，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Why are some properties more difficult to predict than others? A study of QSPR models of solubility, melting point, and Log P显示文摘 | Hughes L D Palmer D S Nigsch F | 2008 | Journal of Chemical Information andModeling2008，48，1： | 1 |
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