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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir (Larix olgensis-Picea jezoensis-Abies nephrolepis) forests in northeast China:12-year results after thinning显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，240，13： | 1 |
| 3 | Growth and structure development of semi - natural larch - spruce - fir ( Larix olgensis - Picea jezoensis - Abies nephrolepis ) forests in northeast China: 12 - year results after thinning 显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，240，13： | 1 |
| 4 | A multimodal location and routing model for hazardous materials transportation显示文摘 | Yuanchang Xie Wei Lu Wen Wang Luca Quadrifoglio | 2012 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2012，，： | 1 |
| 5 | Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-flr ( Larix olgensis-Picea jezoensis-Abies nephrolepis) forests in northeast China: 12- year results after thinning显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，240，13： | 1 |
| 6 | Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir ( Larix olgensis – Picea jezoensis – Abies nephrolepis ) forests in northeast China: 12-year results after thinning显示文摘 | Xiangdong Lei Yuanchang Lu Changhui Peng Xiaopeng Zhang Jie Chang Lingxia Hong | 2006 | Forest Ecology and Management2006，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir ( Larix olgensis-Picea jezoensis-Abise nephrolepis ) forests in northeast China : 12-year results after thinning 显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，240，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Growth and structure development of semi - natural larch - spruce - fir ( Larix olgensis - Picea jezoensis - Abies nephrolepis) forests in northeast China: 12- year results after thinning显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，2，： | 1 |
| 9 | Growth and structure development of semi-natural larch-spruce-fir (Larix olgensls-Picea jezoensis-Abies nephrolepis) forests in northeast China: 12-year results after thinning 显示文摘 | Lei Xiangdong Lu Yuanchang Peng Changhui | 2007 | Forest Ecology and Management2007，，： | 1 |
| 10 | Study on Transpiration and Stomatal Conductance Characteristics of C3 and C4 Plant显示文摘The transpiration experiment was done under greenhouse conditions with a C3 plant sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum Linn.) and two C4 plants,sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.Moench) and maize(Zea mays Linn.).Three species were irrigated with three different water treatment levels of 100%,66% and 33% which gave a comparison of tolerance and adaptation to irrigation and two different levels of water stress.The measurements of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were done between 8.00 a.m.and 16.00 p.m.with measurements about each 1.5 h with an infrared gas analyzer.The results showed that Z.mays probably due to a higher leaf area had very low values and was signifi cantly different(LSD pairwise comparison) from C.annuum and S.bicolor.The hypotheses that C4 plants and C3 plants have different transpiration rates and stomatal conductance could not be shown with the results.However,the hypotheses that for the same species,the highest values in transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were with the 100% irrigation treatment and the lowest values were with the 33% irrigation treatment could be accepted due to the results of this trial. | MENG Jinghui LU Yuanchang Ronald Kohne LIU Gang | 2009 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2009，16，4： | 1 |
| 11 | A multimodal location and routing model for hazardous materials transportation显示文摘 | XIE Yuanchang WEI Lu WEI Wang | 2012 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2012，5，227228： | 1 |
| 12 | Trees as hotspots:Using forests,trees,and agroforestry to foster diverse sustainable landscapes显示文摘Forests,trees,and agroforestry(FTA)are ecosystem hotspots.They exemplify the contributions of biodiversity to sustainable and resilient landscapes,green circular economy and to sustainable agriculture and food systems for healthy diets.However,most research on these topics have been performed separately and lack comparison.The International FTA-Kunming Conference'Forests,trees and agroforestry for diverse sustainable landscapes'22nd–24th June 2021,focused on these contributions,brought together scientists NGOs,and policy makers to further the understanding of tree diversity;provided a communication platform for scientists to share their research results;evaluated the role of tree diversity in agroecology and circular agriculture;assessed benefits of landscape restoration;and explored applied research in mountain ecosystems and food security.The goals were to gather evidence that ground the design of solutions that can contribute to the implementation of the post 2020 Global Biodiversity Framework and towards the UN Food Systems Summit,and the overall implementation of the SDGs.This paper summarizes the outcomes of the international FTA Conference in Kunming 2021 and points out the highlights of research involved in six major themes. | Vincent Gitz Jianchu Xu Yuanchang Lu Elaine Springgay Illias Animon Razan Khalifa Al Mubarak Robert Nasi Tony Simons Ranjit Barthakur Ren Wang Jianrong Su Fergus Sinclair Eduardo Somarriba Dossa G.O.Gbadamassi Ramni Jamnadass Christopher JKettle Dengpan Bu Anja Gassner Yves Laumonier Mi Zhou Himlal Baral Fangyuan Hua Peter AMinang Yufu Guo Michael Allen Brady Yanxia Li Peter Mortimer Bin Yang Heng Gui Fiona Worthy Deli Zhai Huafang Chen Huili Li Yufang Su Alexandre Meybeck Fabio Ricci | 2022 | Circular Agricultural Systems2022，2，1： | 0 |
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