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| 1 | Strategies to tackle the challenges of external beam radiotherapy for liver tumors显示文摘Primary and metastatic liver cancer is an increasingly common and difficult to control disease entity.Radiation offers a non-invasive treatment alternative for these patients who often have few options and a poor prognosis.However,the anatomy and aggressiveness of liver cancer poses significant challenges such as accurate localization at simulation and treatment,management of motion and appropriate selection of dose regimen.This article aims to review the options available and provide information for the practical implementation and/or improvement of liver cancer radiation programs within the context of stereotactic body radiotherapy and image-guided radiotherapy guidelines.Specific patient inclusion and exclusion criteria are presented given the significant toxicity found in certain sub-populations treated with radiation.Indeed,certain sub-populations,such as those with tumor thrombosis or those with larger lesions treated with transarterial chemoembolization,have been shown to have significant improvements in outcome with the addition of radiation and merit special consideration.Implementing a liver radiation programrequires three primary challenges to be addressed:(1) immobilization and motion management;(2) localization;and(3) dose regimen and constraint selection.Strategies to deal with motion include simple internal target volume(ITV) expansions,non-gated ITV reduction strategies,breath hold methods,and surrogate marker methods to enable gating or tracking.Localization of the tumor and organs-at-risk are addressed using contrast infusion techniques to take advantage of different normal liver and cancer vascular anatomy,imaging modalities,and margin management.Finally,a dose response has been demonstrated and dose regimens appear to be converging.A more uniform approach to treatment in terms of technique,dose selection and patient selection will allow us to study liver radiation in larger and,hopefully,multicenter randomized studies. | Michael I Lock Jonathan Klein Hans T Chung Joseph M Herman Edward Y Kim William Small Nina A Mayr Simon S Lo | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，14： | 2 |
| 2 | Steady-state studies显示文摘 | Michael D Rhodes Bell Alexis T The effects of zirconia morphology on methanol synthesis from CO and H2 over Cu/ZrO2 catalysts Part I | 2005 | Journal of Catalysis2005，233，： | 1 |
| 3 | HIPI and HIPlr stabilize receptor tyrosine kinases and bind 3-phosphoinositides via epsin N-terminal homology domains显示文摘 | Hyun T S Rao D S Saint-Dic D Michael L E Kumar P D Bradley S V Mizukami I F | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 4 | The mars regional atmospheric modeling system-model description显示文摘 | Rafkin S C R Haberle R M Michaels T I | 2001 | Icarus2001，151，： | 1 |
| 5 | Coherent structures and their influence on the dynamics of aeroelastic panel显示文摘 | Bogdan I E Liaosha S T Michael P P | | 0，，06： | 1 |
| 6 | Persistence of soil organic matter as an e- cosystem property显示文摘 | Michael W I S Margaret S T Samuel A | 2011 | Nature2011，478，7367： | 1 |
| 7 | Physiolagical and mineralocorticoid receptor action inn pseudohypoaldosterronism: a responsiveness test and therapy 显示文摘 | Keiko A Constantine T Yoshifume S Irony I Michael | 2002 | Steroids2002，67，： | 1 |
| 8 | Postinoculation protozoan establishment and association patterns of methanogenic archaea in the ovine rumen 显示文摘 | Samuel O A Ronald M T Michael I | 2007 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2007，73，： | 1 |
| 9 | Inhibition of death receptor signals by cellular FLIP显示文摘 | Martin I Margot T Michael H | 1997 | Nature1997，388，6638： | 1 |
| 10 | Persistence of soil organic matter as an ecosystem property显示文摘 | Michael W I S Margaret S T Samuel A | 2011 | Nature2011，478，7367： | 1 |
| 11 | Evaluation of the calcium channel antagonist nimodipine in experimental spinal cord ischemia显示文摘 | Alan I Faden Thomas P Jacobs Michael T Smith | | 0，，04： | 1 |
| 12 | Role of the anterodorsal and anteroventral nuclei of the thalamus in spatial memory in the rat显示文摘 | van Groen T Kadish I Michael Wyss J | 2002 | Behav Brain Res2002，132，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Protein-Protein Interactions in the Bacteriophage T4 Replisome显示文摘 | Faoud T I Michael A T Stephen J B | 2003 | The Journal of Biological Chemistry2003，278，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Are Antidepressant Drugs That Combine Serotonergic and Noradrenergic Mecha- nisms of Action More Effective Than the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors in Treating Major Depressive Disorder? A Meta-analysis of Studies of Newer Agents 显示文摘 | George I P Michael E T Maurizio F | 2007 | Biol psychiatry2007，62，11： | 1 |
| 15 | New antituberculosis drugs, regimens, and adjunct therapies: needs, advances, and future prospects显示文摘 | Alimuddin I Zumla Stephen H Gillespie Michael Hoelscher Patrick P J Philips Stewart T Cole Ibrahim Abubakar Timothy D McHugh Marco Schito Markus Maeurer Andrew J Nunn | 2014 | The Lancet Infectious Diseases2014，，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Hierarchical dirichlet processes 显示文摘 | Yee W T Michael I J Matthew J B | 2006 | American Statistical Association2006，101，476： | 1 |
| 17 | Modified M2 proteins produce heterotypic immunity against influenza A virus显示文摘 | Michael A F Aexander I Klimov T R | 1999 | Vaccine1999，17，： | 1 |
| 18 | Effects of music therapy on perception of stress, relaxation, mood, and side effects in patients on a solid organ transplant unit: a randomized effectiveness study 显示文摘 | Crawford I Hogan T Michael J | 2013 | Arts Psychother2013，40，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of delayed fruit harvest on photosynthesis, transpiration and nutrient remobilization of apple leaves 显示文摘 | RYNA I T MICHAEL M B | 2004 | New Phytologist2004，164，3： | 1 |
| 20 | The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya (Caricapapaya Linnaeus) 显示文摘 | MING R HOU S FENG Y YU Q DIONNE-LAPORTE A SAW J H SENIN P WANG W LY B V LEWIS K L SALZBERG S L FENG L JONES M R SKELTON R L MURRAY J E CHEN C QIAN W SHEN J DU P EUSTICE M TONG E TANG H LYONS E PAULL R E MICHAEL T P WALL K RICE D W ALBERT H WANG M L ZHU Y J SCHATZ M NAGARAJAN N ACOB R A GUAN P BLAS A WA1 C M ACKERMAN C M REN Y LIU C WANG J WANG J NA J K SHAKIROV E V HAAS B THIMMAPURAM I NELSON D WANG X BOWERS J E GSCHWEND A R DELCHER A L SINGH R SUZUKI J TRIPATHI S NEUPANE K WEI H IRIKURA B PAIDI M JIANG N ZHANG W PRESTING G WINDSOR A NAVAJAS- P?REZ R TORRES M J FELTUS FA PORTER B LI Y BURROUGHS A M LUO MC LIU L CHRISTOPHER D A MOUNT S M MOORE P H SUGIMURA T JIANG J SCHULER M A FRIEDMAN V MITCHELL-OLDS T SHIPPEN D E DEPAMPHILIS C W PALMER J D FREELING M PATERSON A H GONSALVES D WANG L ALAM M | 2008 | Nature2008，452，： | 1 |
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