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| 1 | Oxidative stress as a crucial factor in liver diseases显示文摘Redox state constitutes an important background of numerous liver disorders. The redox state participates in the course of inflammatory, metabolic and proliferative liver diseases. Reactive oxygen species(ROS) are primarily produced in the mitochondria and in the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes via the cytochrome P450 enzymes. Under the proper conditions, cells are equipped with special molecular strategies that control the level of oxidative stress and maintain a balance between oxidant and antioxidant particles. Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant agents. Hepatocytic proteins, lipids and DNA are among the cellular structures that are primarily affected by ROS and reactive nitrogen species. The process results in structural and functional abnormalities in the liver. Thus, the phenomenon of oxidative stress should be investigated for several reasons. First, it may explain the pathogenesis of various liver disorders. Moreover, monitoring oxidative markers among hepatocytes offers the potential to diagnose the degree of liver damage and ultimately to observe the response to pharmacological therapies. The present report focuses on the role of oxidative stress in selected liver diseases. | Halina Cichoz-Lach Agata Michalak | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，25： | 70 |
| 2 | Current pathogenetic aspects of hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy is a medical phenomenon that is described as a neuropsychiatric manifestation of chronic or acute liver disease that is characterized by psychomotor,intellectual and cognitive abnormalities with emotional/affective and behavioral disturbances.This article focuses on the underlying mechanisms of the condition and the differences between hepatic encephalopathy and noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy.Hepatic encephalopathy is a serious condition that can cause neurological death with brain edema and intracranial hypertension.It is assumed that approximately 60%-80% of patients with liver cirrhosis develop hepatic encephalopathy This review explores the complex mechanisms that lead to hepatic encephalopathy.However,noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is not associated with hepatic diseases and has a completely different etiology.Noncirrhotic hyperammonemic encephalopathy is a severe occurrence that is connected with multiple pathogeneses. | Halina Cichoz-Lach Agata Michalak | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，1： | 19 |
| 3 | Persistent occult hepatitis B virus infection:Experimental findings and clinical implications显示文摘Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly pathogenic virus that causes chronic liver diseases in millions of people globally. In addition to a symptomatic, serologically evident infection, occult persistent HBV carriage has been identified since nucleic acid amplification assays of enhanced sensitivity became introduced for detection of hepadnaviral genomes and their replicative intermediates. Current evidence indicates that occult HBV infection is a common and long-term consequence of resolution of acute hepatitis B. This form of residual infection is termed as secondary occult infection (SOI). The data from the woodchuck model of HBV infection indicate that exposure to small amounts of hepadnavirus can also cause primary occult infection (POI) where virus genome, but no serological makers of exposure to virus, are detectable, and the liver may not be involved. However, virus replicates at low levels in the lymphatic system in both these forms. We briefly summarize the current understanding of the nature and characteristics of occult hepadnaviral persistence as well as of its documented and expected pathological consequences. | Patricia M Mulrooney-Cousins Tomasz I Michalak | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，43： | 17 |
| 4 | Liver injury in the era of COVID-19显示文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)has undoubtedly revolutionized the whole globe and given a new point of view on respiratory tract infections.Nevertheless,coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)cannot be perceived as a disease limited only to pneumonia with diverse severity.More and more reports have demonstrated a wide range of possible systemic symptoms,including hepatic complications.Liver injury has been observed in a significant proportion of patients,especially in those with a severe or critical illness.COVID-19 might provoke a deterioration of liver function in patients with already diagnosed chronic liver diseases and without pre-existing liver disorders.The deterioration of liver function worsens the prognosis,increases the risk of a severe course of SARS-CoV-2 infection and prolongs the hospital stay.In general,patients who develop liver dysfunction in COVID-19 are mainly males,elderly people,and those with higher body mass index.The underlying mechanisms for hepatic failure in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 are still unclear,nevertheless liver damage appears to be directly connected with virus-induced cytopathic effects.A liver injury observed during hospitalization might be simultaneously caused by the use of potentially hepatotoxic drugs,mainly antiviral agents.This minireview focuses on a possible relationship between COVID-19 and the liver,potential molecular mechanisms of liver damage,the characteristics of liver injury and suggested factors predisposing to hepatic manifestations in COVID-19 patients. | Halina Cichoż-Lach Agata Michalak | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，5： | 6 |
| 5 | Acoustic radiation force impulse imaging for assessing liver fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the performance of elastography by ultrasound with acoustic radiation force impulse(ARFI) in determining fibrosis stage in patients with alcoholic liver disease(ALD) undergoing alcoholic detoxification in relation to biopsy.METHODS: Eighty-three patients with ALD undergoing detoxification were prospectively enrolled. Each patient underwent ARFI imaging and a liver biopsy onthe same day. Fibrosis was staged according to the METAVIR scoring system. The median of 10 valid ARFI measurements was calculated for each patient.RESULTS: Sixty-nine males and thirteen females(one patient excluded due to insufficient biopsy size) were assessed with a mean alcohol consumption of 132.4 ± 128.8 standard drinks per week and mean cumulative year duration of 17.6 ± 9.5 years. Sensitivity and specificity were respectively 82.4%(0.70-0.95) and 83.3%(0.73-0.94)(AUROC = 0.87) for F ≥ 2 with a cut-off value of 1.63m/s; 82.4%(0.64-1.00) and 78.5%(0.69-0.89)(AUROC = 0.86) for F ≥ 3 with a cut-off value of 1.84m/s; and 92.3%(0.78-1.00] and 81.6%(0.72-0.90)(AUROC = 0.89) for F = 4 with a cut-off value of 1.94 m/s.CONCLUSION: ARFI is an accurate, non-invasive and easy method for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with ALD undergoing alcoholic detoxification. | Anita Kiani Vanessa Brun Fabrice Lainé Bruno Turlin Jeff Morcet Sophie Michalak Antonia Le Gruyer Ludivine Legros Edouard Bardou-Jacquet Yves Gandon Romain Moirand | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，20： | 6 |
| 6 | Towards an evaluation of alcoholic liver cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients with hematological scales显示文摘BACKGROUND Seeking potentially novel blood markers of liver fibrosis and steatosis is constantly of crucial importance.Despite a growing number of studies in this field of hepatology,a certain role of hematological indices in the course of liver disorders has not been fully elucidated,yet.AIM To evaluate a diagnostic accuracy of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio(NLR),platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)and mean platelet volume-to-platelet-ratio(MPR)in the course of alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).METHODS One hundred forty-two patients with ALC,92 with NAFLD and 68 persons in control group were enrolled in the study.Hematological indices(NLR,PLR and MPR),indirect and direct markers of liver fibrosis(aspartate transaminase to alkaline transaminase ratio,aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index,fibrosis-4,gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio,procollagen Ⅰ carboxyterminal propeptide,procollagen Ⅲ aminoterminal propeptide,transforming growth factor-α,platelet-derived growth factor AB,laminin)were measured in each person.Model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)score in ALC group and NAFLD fibrosis score together with BARD score were calculated in NAFLD patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves and area under the curve(AUC)values were applied to assess the sensitivity and specificity of examined markers and to evaluate proposed cut-offs of measured indices in the course of ALC and NAFLD.RESULTS MPR and NLR values in ALC patients were significantly higher in comparison to control group;PLR level was significantly lower.MPR and PLR correlated with assessed indirect and direct markers of liver fibrosis.MPR,NLR and PLR correlated with MELD score.NLR level in NAFLD patients was significantly higher in comparison to controls.MPR correlated with indirect markers of liver fibrosis and NAFLD fibrosis score.AUC values and proposed cut-offs for NLR,PLR and MPR in ALC patients were:0.821(>2.227),0.675(<70.445)and 0.929(>0.048),respectively.AUC values and proposed cut-offs for NLR,PLR and MPR in NAFLD group were:0.725(>2.034),0.528(>97.101)and 0.547(>0.038),respectively.CONCLUSION Hematological markers are inseparably connected with serological indices of liver fibrosis in ALC and NAFLD patients.MPR and NLR turned out to be the most powerful parameters in ALC patients. | Agata Michalak Halina Cichoz-Lach Malgorzata Guz Joanna Kozicka Marek Cybulski Witold Jeleniewicz Andrzej Stepulak | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，47： | 6 |
| 7 | Statements from the Taormina expert meeting on occult hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘 | Giovanni Raimondo Jean-Pierre Allain Maurizia R. Brunetto Marie-Annick Buendia Ding-Shinn Chen Massimo Colombo Antonio Craxì Francesco Donato Carlo Ferrari Giovanni B. Gaeta Wolfram H. Gerlich Massimo Levrero Stephen Locarnini Thomas Michalak Mario U. Mon | 2008 | Journal of Hepatology2008，，4： | 5 |
| 8 | Reactivation of hepatitis B after liver transplantation: Current knowledge, molecular mechanisms and implications in management显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B(CHB) is a major global health problem affecting an estimated 350 million people with more than 786000 individuals dying annually due to complications, such as cirrhosis, liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). Liver transplantation(LT) is considered gold standard for treatment of hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related liver failure and HCC. However, post-transplant viral reactivation can be detrimental to allograft function, leading to poor survival. Prophylaxis with high-dose hepatitis B immunoglobulin(HBIG) and anti-viral drugs have achieved remarkable progress in LT by suppressingviral replication and improving long-term survival. The combination of lamivudine(LAM) plus HBIG has been for many years the most widely used. However, life-long HBIG use is both cumbersome and costly, whereas long-term use of LAM results in resistant virus. Recently, in an effort to develop HBIG-free protocols, high potency nucleos(t)ide analogues, such as Entecavir or Tenofovir, have been tried either as monotherapy or in combination with low-dose HBIG with excellent results. Current focus is on novel antiviral targets, especially for covalently closed circular DNA(ccc DNA), in an effort to eradicate HBV infection instead of viral suppression. However, there are several other molecular mechanisms through which HBV may reactivate and need equal attention. The purpose of this review is to address post-LT HBV reactivation, its risk factors, underlying molecular mechanisms, and recent advancements and future of anti-viral therapy. | Ranjit Chauhan Shilpa Lingala Chiranjeevi Gadiparthi Nivedita Lahiri Smruti R Mohanty Jian Wu Tomasz I Michalak Sanjaya K Satapathy | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，3： | 5 |
| 9 | Red blood cell distribution width derivatives in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease显示文摘BACKGROUND Looking for undiscovered blood markers of liver fibrosis and steatosis still remains an issue worth exploring.There are still plenty of unresolved issues related to the actual role of hematological indices as potential markers of liver function.AIM To study red blood cell distribution width(RDW),RDW-to-platelet ratio(RPR)and RDW-to-lymphocyte ratio(RLR) in alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC) and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD).METHODS The study group was composed of 302 people:142 patients with ALC and 92 with MAFLD;68 persons were included as controls.RDW,RPR and RLR were measured in each person.Indirect and direct parameters of liver fibrosis were also assessed [aspartate transaminase to alkaline transaminase ratio,aspartate transaminase to platelet ratio index(APRI),fibrosis-4(FIB-4),gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to platelet ratio(GPR),procollagen I carboxyterminal propeptide,procollagen Ⅲ aminoterminal propeptide,transforming growth factor-α,plateletderived growth factor AB,laminin].MELD score in ALC patients and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) fibrosis score together with BARD score were obtained in the MAFLD group.The achieved results were compared to controls.Then a correlation between assessed markers was done.Diagnostic value of each investigated parameter and its suggested cut-off in the research group RESULTS RDW,RPR and RLR values turned out to be significantly higher in ALC and MAFLD groups compared to controls(ALC:P<0.0001;NAFLD:P<0.05,P<0.0001 and P<0.0001,respectively).RPR correlated positively with MELD score(P<0.01) and indirect indices of liver fibrosis(FIB-4 and GPR;P<0.0001) in ALC patients;negative correlations were found between PDGF-AB and both:RDW and RPR(P<0.01 and P<0.0001,respectively).RPR correlated positively with NAFLD fibrosis score and APRI(P<0.0001) in the MAFLD group;a positive relationship was observed between RDW and FIB-4,too(P<0.05).AUC values and suggested cut-offs for RDW,RPR and RLR in ALC patients were:0.912(>14.2%),0.965(>0.075) and 0.914(>8.684),respectively.AUC values and suggested cut-offs for RDW,RPR and RLR in MAFLD patients were:0.606(>12.8%),0.724(>0.047) and 0.691(>6.25),respectively.CONCLUSION RDW with its derivatives appear to be valuable diagnostic markers in patients with ALC.They can also be associated with a deterioration of liver function in this group. | Agata Michalak Małgorzata Guz Joanna Kozicka Marek Cybulski Witold Jeleniewicz Tomasz Lach Halina Cichoż-Lach | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，38： | 4 |
| 10 | Prediction of delayed graft function using different scoring algorithms: A single-center experience显示文摘AIM To compare the performance of 3 published delayed graftfunction(DGF) calculators that compute the theoretical risk of DGF for each patient.METHODS This single-center,retrospective study included 247 consecutive kidney transplants from a deceased donor.These kidney transplantations were performed at our institution between January 2003 and December 2012.We compared the occurrence of observed DGF in our cohort with the predicted DGF according to three different published calculators. The accuracy of the calculators was evaluated by means of the c-index(receiver operating characteristic curve).RESULTS DGF occurred in 15.3% of the transplants under study.The c index of the Irish calculator provided an area under the curve(AUC) of 0.69 indicating an acceptable level of prediction,in contrast to the poor performance of the Jeldres nomogram(AUC = 0.54) and the Chapal nomogram(AUC = 0.51). With the Irish algorithm the predicted DGF risk and the observed DGF probabilities were close. The mean calculated DGF risk was significantly different between DGF-positive and DGF-negative subjects(P < 0.0001). However,at the level of the individual patient the calculated risk of DGF overlapped very widely with ranges from 10% to 51% for recipients with DGF and from 4% to 56% for those without DGF.The sensitivity,specificity and positive predictive value of a calculated DGF risk ≥ 30% with the Irish nomogram were 32%,91% and 38%. CONCLUSION Predictive models for DGF after kidney transplantation are performant in the population in which they were derived,but less so in external validations. | Magda Michalak Kristien Wouters Erik Fransen Rachel Hellemans Amaryllis H Van Craenenbroeck Marie M Couttenye Bart Bracke Dirk K Ysebaert Vera Hartman Kathleen De Greef Thiery Chapelle Geert Roeyen Gerda Van Beeumen Marie-Paule Emonds Daniel Abramowicz Jean-Louis Bosmans | 2017 | World Journal of Transplantation2017，7，5： | 3 |
| 11 | Occult persistence and lymphotropism of hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘Recent discovery of occult hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection persisting after spontaneous or antiviral therapy-induced resolution of hepatitis C was made possible by the introduction of nucleic acid amplification assays capable of detecting HCV RNA at sensitivities superseding those offered by clinical tests. Although individuals with this seemingly silent HCV infection are usually anti-HCV antibody reactive and have normal liver function tests, occult HCV infection has also been reported in anti-HCV-negative individuals with persistently elevated liver enzymes of unknown etiology. Studies have shown that HCV RNA can persist for years in serum, lymphomononuclear cells and liver in the absence of clinical symptoms, although histological evidence of a mild inflammatory liver injury can be occasionally encountered. Furthermore, while HCV RNA can be detected in circulating lymphoid cells in approximately 30% of cases, a short-term culture under stimulatory conditions augments HCV replication in these cells allowing detection of virus in otherwise HCV-negative cases. HCV infects different immune cell subsets, including CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes, B cells and monocytes. Studies employing clonal sequencing and single-stranded conformational polymorphism analyses have revealed unique HCV variants residing in immune cells, further strengthening the notion of HCV lymphotropism. Overall, the data accumulated suggest that occult HCV infection is a common consequence of resolution of symptomatic hepatitis C and that examination of the cells of the immune system is an effective approach to diagnosis of HCV infection and its long-term persistence. Further work is required to fully realize pathogenic and epidemiological consequences of occult HCV persistence. | Tram NQ Pham Tomasz I Michalak | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，18： | 3 |
| 12 | Liposomal Heparin Spray:A New Formula in Adjunctive Treatment of Superficial Venous显示文摘 | Górski G Szopiński P Michalak J | | Thromb Angiol0，56，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Hepatitis-b Virus Persistence after Recovery from Acute Viral Hepatitis显示文摘 | Michalak TI | 1994 | J Clin Invest1994，94，： | 1 |
| 14 | Influence of exercise training on left ventricular diastolic function and its relationship to exercise capacity in patients after myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Korzeniowska-Kubacka I Bili fi ska M Michalak E | 2010 | Acta literaria2010，17，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Histiocvtic sarcoma in the small intestine: a case repot with flow cylomet stud, and review of tile literature 显示文摘 | Zhaug X Krvstou JJ Michalak WA | 2008 | Palhol Res Pracl2008，204，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Mild hypothermia delays the onset of coma and prevents brain edema and extracellular brain gluta- mate accumulation in rats with acute liver failure 显示文摘 | Rose C Michalak A Pannunzio M | 2000 | Hepatology2000，31，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Calreticulin,a multi-process calcium-buffering chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum显示文摘 | Michalak M Groenendyk J Szabo E | 2009 | Biochem J2009，417，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Burden of bipolar depression: impact of disorder and medications on quality of life显示文摘 | Michalak EE Murray G Young AH | 2008 | CNS Drugs2008，22，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Credit risk securitization and bank soundness in Europe显示文摘 | Michalak T C Uhde A | 2012 | Quarterly Review of Economics&Finance2012，52，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Calreticulin:one protein,one gene,many functions显示文摘 | Michalak M Corbett EF Mesaeli N | 1999 | Biochem J1999，344，： | 1 |
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