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| 1 | Soil microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in forest ecosystems of Northeast China:a comparison between natural secondary forest and larch plantation显示文摘Aims Natural secondary forest(NSF)and larch plantation are two of the predominant forest types in Northeast China.However,how the two types of forests compare in sustaining soil quality is not well understood.This study was conducted to determine how natural secondary forest and larch plantation would differ in soil microbial biomass and soil organic matter quality.Methods Microbial biomass carbon(MBC),microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN),soil organic carbon(SOC)and total nitrogen(TN)in the 0-to 15-cm and 15-to 30-cm soil layers were investigated by making chemical and biological measurements in the montane region of eastern Liaoning Province,Northeast China,during the growing season of 2008 in stands of NSF and Larix olgensis plantation(LOP).Important Findings We found that soil MBC and MBN were significantly lower in the LOP than in the NSF.Both MBC and MBN declined significantly with increasing soil depth in the two types of stands.The ratios of MBC to SOC(MBC/SOC)and MBN to TN(MBN/TN)were also significantly lower in the LOP than in the NSF.Moreover,the values of MBC,MBC/SOC,and MBN/TN significantly varied with time and followed a similar pattern during the growing season,all with an apparent peak in summer.Our results indicate that NSF is better in sustaining soil microbial biomass and nutrients than larch plantation in the temperate Northeast China.This calls for cautions in large-scale conversions of the native forests to coniferous plantations as a forest management practice on concerns of sustaining soil productivity. | Kai Yang Jiaojun Zhu Min Zhang Qiaoling Yan Osbert Jianxin Sun | 2010 | Journal of Plant Ecology2010，3，3： | 44 |
| 2 | Response of Pinus koraiensis seedling growth to different light conditions based on the assessment of photosynthesis in current and one-year-old needles显示文摘As one of the three major five-leaved pines in the northern hemisphere,Pinus koraiensis is the most important dominant tree species in the natural mixed-broadleaved Korean pine forests.However,the regeneration of P.koraiensis under the canopy of secondary forest stands is poor because of the light limitation.This study was conducted to understand how P.koraiensis seedlings adapt to different light intensities and what would be the optimum light level for their establishment and growth.Three repetition plots with four light intensities(15%,30%,60%and 100%of the natural incident irradiances,achieved by suspending layers of black nylon net above and surrounding the plots)were set up under natural climate conditions in a montane region in eastern Liaoning Province,Northeast China.A total of 80 P.koraiensis seedlings with similar height and root collar diameter were transplanted into four plots.After one year of acclimation to the specific light conditions,the seasonal variations of the photosynthetic variables and needle traits of the current and one-year-old needles,and the growth parameters were observed under four light intensities.The results indicated that:(1)The seedling at60%treatment exhibited the greatest growth,which agreed with the response of the light-saturated photosynthetic rates(Amax)and the dark respiration rate(Rd)in the current and one-year-old needles,i.e.,Rd at60%treatment was significantly lower than that at 100%treatment,but Amax did not differ between the seedlings at 100%and 60%treatments.(2)The P.koraiensis seedlings have a certain photosynthetic plasticity to adapt the light conditions by adjusting their needle traits and regulating the physiological processes,because Amax,Rd,light saturation point and compensation point,the needle mass area,needle nitrogen and chlorophyll contents were significantly(p<0.05)correlated with the light intensities.Especially,Amax at 100%and 60%treatments was significantly higher(p<0.05)than that at 30%and 15%treatments for both current and one-year-old needles.(3)The needles of different ages played a commutative role during the growing season,i.e.,the one-year-old needles played a major role for the photosynthesis in the early growing season;the current year needles did in the later growing season.This ensured the effective photosynthesis throughout the growing season.These findings suggest that P.koraiensis is the in-between heliophilous and shade-tolerant tree species at least for the seedlings up to 8 years. | Jiaojun Zhu Kai Wang Yirong Sun Qiaoling Yan | 2014 | Journal of Forestry Research2014，25，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Causal effects of shelter forests and water factors on desertification control during 2000–2010 at the Horqin Sandy Land region, China显示文摘The Horqin Sandy Land(HSL), the largest sandy land in the semi-arid agro-pastoral ecotone of Northeast China, has been subject to desertification during the past century. In response, and to control the desertification,government implemented the Three-North Shelter/Protective Forest Program, world's largest ecological reforestation/afforestation restoration program. The program began in1978 and will continue for 75 years until 2050. Understanding the dynamics of desertification and its driving forces is a precondition for controlling desertification.However, there is little evidence to directly link causal effects with desertification process(i.e., on the changing area of sandy land) because desertification is a complex process,that can be affected by vegetation(including vegetation cover and extent of shelter forests) and water factors such as precipitation, surface soil moisture, and evapotranspiration.The objectives of this study were to identify how influencing factors, especially shelter forests, affected desertification in HSL over a recent decade. We used Landsat TM imagery analysis and path analysis to identify the effects of spatiotemporal changes in water and vegetation parameters during2000–2010. Desertification was controlled during the study period, as indicated by a decrease in desert area at a rate of163.3 km2year-1and an increase in the area with reduced intensity or extent of desertification. Total vegetation cover in HSL increased by 10.6 % during the study period and this factor exerted the greatest direct and indirect effects on slowing desertification. The contribution of total vegetation cover to controlling desertification increased with the intensity of desertification. On slightly and extremely severe desertified areas, vegetation cover contributed 5 and 42 % of the desertification reduction, respectively. There were significant correlations between total vegetation cover and water conditions(i.e., evapotranspiration and precipitation)and the area of shelter forests(P \ 0.0001), in which water conditions and the existence of shelter forests contributed49.7 and 12.8 % to total vegetation cover, respectively. The area of shelter forests increased sharply due to program efforts, but only shrub forests had significant direct effects on reducing the area of desertification categorized as slightly desertified. The reason for the lack of direct effect of increased arbor forests(accounting for 95.3 % of the total increase in shelter forests) on reducing desertification might be that the selected arbor species were not suited to water conditions(low precipitation, high evapotranspiration) prevailing at HSL. The establishment of shelter forests aided control of desertification in the HSL region, but the effect was less than expected. Effective control of desertification in the HSL region or other similar sandy areas will require greater improvements in vegetation cover. In particular,shrub species should be selected for plantation with reference to their potential to survive and reproduce in the harsh climatic and weather conditions typical of desertified areas. | Qiaoling Yan Jiaojun Zhu Xiao Zheng Changjie Jin | 2015 | Journal of Forestry Research2015，26，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Longitudinal Alterations of Local Spontaneous Brain Activity in Parkinson's Disease显示文摘We used resting-state fMRI to evaluate longitudinal alterations in local spontaneous brain activity in Parkinson's disease(PD) over a 2-year period. Data were acquired from 23 PD patients at baseline and follow-up,and 27 age-and sex-matched normal controls. Regional homogeneity(ReHo) and voxel-based-morphometry(VBM) were used to identify differences in local spontaneous brain activity and grey matter volume. With disease progression, we observed a progressive decrease in ReHo in the sensorimotor cortex, default-mode network, and left cerebellum, but increased ReHo in the supplementary motor area, bilateral temporal gyrus, and hippocampus.Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the rates of ReHo change in the left cerebellum and the rates of change in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale-III scores. VBM revealed no significant differences in the grey matter volume among the three sets of acquisitions. We conclude that ReHo may be a suitable non-invasive marker of progression in PD. | Qiaoling Zeng Xiaojun Guan Jason C.F.Law Yan Lun Zhujing Shen Tao Guo Min Xuan Quanquan Gu Xiaojun Xu Min Chen Minming Zhang | 2017 | Neuroscience Bulletin2017，33，5： | 4 |
| 5 | Spontaneous low-temperature crystallization of α-FAPbI3 for highly efficient perovskite solar cells显示文摘Formamidinium lead triiodide(HC(NH2)2PbI3 or FAPbI3)is a promising light absorber for high-efficiency perovskite solar cells because of its superior light absorption range and thermal stability to CH3NH3PbI3(MAPbI3).Unfortunately,it is difficult to fabricate high-quality FAPbI3 thin films to surpass the MAPbI3-based cells due to easily forming unwanted but more stable yellow d-phase and thus requiring high annealing-temperature for wanted photovoltaic-active black a-phase.Herein,we reported a novel low-temperature fabrication of highly crystallized a-FAPbI3 film exhibiting uniaxial-oriented nature with large grain sizes up to 2 lm.First-principles energetic calculations predicted that this novel deposition should be ascribed to the formation of a high-energy metastable two-dimensional(2D)intermediate of MAFAPbI3 Cl followed by a spontaneous conversion to a-FAPbI3.The ions exchange reaction during this MAFAPbI3 Cl-FAPbI3 conversion account for the perovskite film uniaxial-oriented grown along the(111)direction.This large-grain and uniaxial-oriented grown a-FAPbI3 based solar cells exhibited an efficiency up to 20.4%accompanying with low density-voltage(J-V)hysteresis and high stability. | Taiyang Zhang Qiaoling Xu Feng Xu Yuhao Fu Yong Wang Yanfa Yan Lijun Zhang Yixin Zhao | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，21： | 2 |
| 6 | Structure, Pattern and Mechanisms of Formation of Seed Banks in Sand Dune Systems in Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘 | Yan Qiaoling Liu Zhimin Zhu Jiaojun Luo Yongming Wang Hongmei Jiang Deming | 2005 | Plant and Soil (-)2005，，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Structure, pattern and mechanisms of formation of seed banks in sand dune systems in northeastern Inner Mongolia, China显示文摘 | Yan Qiaoling Liu Zhimin Zhu JiaoJun | 2005 | Plant and Soil2005，277，： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of harvest intensity on the marketable organ yield,growth and reproduction of non-timber forest products(NTFPs):implication for conservation and sustainable utilization of NTFPs显示文摘Background:Non-timber forest products(NTFPs)are an important part of forest biodiversity,and the subsistence and trade of local people,especially in less developed countries.Because of the high ecological and economic value,NTFPs have faced the problem of over-exploitation,and the key to solve this problem is to determine the feasible way of sustainable utilization of NTFPs.Harvest intensity is one of the most important and easily controlled utilization factors,which can greatly influence the plant individual survival,growth and reproductive performances,and even the population structure and dynamics.Therefore,we chose two common and important NTFPs species with different marketable parts(i.e.,Acanthopanax senticosus with tender leaves and Aralia elata with tender buds)as our study objects.Aiming to determine the optimum harvest intensity for sustainably utilizing both NTFPs species,five levels of harvest intensity treatments(i.e.,control,light,medium,high and severe)were designed to assess the effects of harvest intensity on their marketable organ yield,plant growth and reproductive performances.Results:The biomass growth rates of marketable organ and plant growth of A.senticosus under light harvest intensity treatment were significantly higher than those under other harvest intensities.The plant height growth and 1000-seed weight of A.elata under severe harvest intensity treatment were significantly lower than those under control treatment.Conclusions:The light harvest intensity with 25% leaf removal and the high harvest intensity with all terminal buds harvested are the optimum harvest intensity to maintain the sustainable utilization of A.senticosus and A.elata,respectively.These findings could provide managers with basic but practical guidance for making decisions about the sustainable harvest management plan for the cultivated NTFPs species,and further provide a theoretical basis for managers to establish the harvest regulations for wild NTFPs species.Consequently,the local residents or communities can improve their income while ensure the sustainable development of wild NTFPs. | Ting Zhang Lizhong Yu Yuan Man Qiaoling Yan | 2021 | Forest Ecosystems2021，8，4： | 1 |
| 9 | A complete assembly of the rice Nipponbare reference genome显示文摘Dear Editor,In 2005,the current commonly used rice reference genome(Oryza sativa ssp.japonica cv.Nipponbare)was initially released by the International Rice Genome Sequencing Project(International Rice Genome Sequencing Project,2005).Thereafter,the reference genome was further updated in 2013 with improved genome assembly(IRGSP-1.0)and gene annotations(MSU7,RAP-DB)(Kawahara et al.,2013;Sakai et al.,2013).In the past 10 years,this reference has been serving as one of the most important genetic resources for subsequent rice functional genomics efforts.As several rice genomes had been assembled into gapless chromosomes with only 2–5 telomeres absent(Li et al.,2021;Song et al.,2021;Zhang et al.,2022),the IRGSP1.0 and its annotations still performed as the most widely used reference.However,limitations of sequencing technology and intricate genomic organization led to an under-representation of complex regions in this reference,leaving a total of 72 major gaps(including 19 telomeres),167 minor gaps,and 779 unknown bases(Kawahara et al.,2013),with an estimated length of3%of the genome unsolved. | Lianguang Shang Wenchuang He Tianyi Wang Yingxue Yang Qiang Xu Xianjia Zhao Longbo Yang Hong Zhang Xiaoxia Li Yang Lv Wu Chen Shuo Cao Xianmeng Wang Bin Zhang Xiangpei Liu Xiaoman Yu Huiying He Hua Wei Yue Leng Chuanlin Shi Mingliang Guo Zhipeng Zhang Bintao Zhang Qiaoling Yuan Hongge Qian Xinglan Cao Yan Cui Qianqian Zhang Xiaofan Dai Congcong Liu Longbiao Guo Yongfeng Zhou Xiaoming Zheng Jue Ruan Zhukuan Cheng Weihua Pan Qian Qian | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，8： | 1 |
| 10 | The role of reproductive phenology, seedling emergence and establish- ment of perennial Salix gordejevii in active sand dune fields 显示文摘 | YAN Qiaoling LIU Zhimin MA Junlin | 2007 | Annals of Botany2007，99，1： | 1 |
| 11 | A new detec- tion approach of transient disturbances combining wavelet packet and Tsallis entropy显示文摘 | Liu Zhigang Hu Qiaoling Cui Yan | 2014 | Neurocomputing2014，142，142： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of logging on the trade-off between seed and sprout regeneration of dominant woody species in secondary forests of the Natural Forest Protection Project of China显示文摘Background:Promoting natural regeneration(including seed and sprout regeneration)of dominant woody species is essential for restoring secondary forests.However,such restoration processes have been decelerated by the enclosure under Natural Forest Protection Project of China(NFPP).It remains unclear how to implement appropriate management measures(e.g.,whether to apply logging and the suitable intensity)to facilitate natural regeneration according to the responses of two regeneration modes to management measures.We monitored the early stages of seed regeneration(seed rain,soil seed bank,and 1–3-year-old seedlings)and sprout regeneration(stump sprout rate,stump survival rate,probability of sprouting,and number of sprouts per stump)over the first 3 years(2017–2019)after logging under three intensity regimes(control[0%],25%,and 50%logging intensity)in secondary forests.Results:The seed rain density decreased markedly,seedling density increased insignificantly after logging,and logging promoted seedling survival at an increasing conversion rate of 3-year-old seedlings(37.5%under 0%,100%under 25%,and 80.95%under 50%logging)compared to those of the control.The proportion of 3-year-old seedlings increased with logging intensity and was the highest(16.2%)at 50%logging intensity.Sprout density was not affected by logging intensity,however,under 25%and 50%logging,it decreased by 27%and 6%in 2018,and by 37%and 33%in 2019,respectively.Seedling density was 41.65-and 15.31-fold higher than that of sprouts in the 50%and 25%logging treatments,respectively.Based on the relative contributions of the two regeneration modes after logging,three groups of natural regeneration patterns were classified for dominant woody species in temperate secondary forests,i.e.,seed regeneration preference(Betula dahurica,Carpinus cordata and Fraxinus mandshurica),sprout regeneration preference(Acer mono and Acer pseudosieboldianum)and no preference(Quercus mongolica,Fraxinus rhynchophylla,and Juglans mandshurica).Conclusion:In addition to enclosure,appropriate logging can be applied according to the responses of various natural regeneration patterns of dominant woody species to logging in temperate secondary forests under the NFPP. | Rong Li Qiaoling Yan Jin Xie Jing Wang Ting Zhang Jiaojun Zhu | 2022 | Ecological Processes2022，11，1： | 1 |
| 13 | STOCHASTIC FLOWS OF MAPPINGS显示文摘在这篇论文,地图砰的随机的流动在一个紧缩的公制的空格由一个 Feller 卷绕旋转半组产生了被学习。这种流动是随机的流动的超级过程的归纳;随机的 diffeomorphism 由随机的微分方程的强壮的答案导致了。 | Zhao Qiaoling Yan Guojun | 2007 | Applied Mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities)2007，22，3： | 1 |
| 14 | 结核分枝杆菌PknI激酶通过胞外传感器结构域二聚化被激活的结构研究显示文摘文章简介蛋白激酶对于宿主内结核分枝杆菌的存活起中心作用。课题组解析了丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶(STPKs)家族里的跨膜蛋白成员Pkn I的传感器域(单体和二聚体形式)以及激酶域的高分辨率晶体结构。 | Qiaoling Yan Dunquan Jiang Lanfang Qian Qingqing Zhang Wei Zhang Weihong Zhou Kaixia Mi Luke Guddat Haitao Yang 饶子和 | 2018 | 科学新闻2018，0，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Identification of natural allelic variation in TTL1 controlling thermotolerance and grain size by a rice super pan-genome∞显示文摘Continuously increasing global temperatures present great challenges to food security.Grain size,one of the critical components determining grain yield in rice(Oryza sativa L.),is a prime target for genetic breeding.Thus,there is an immediate need for genetic improvement in rice to maintain grain yield under heat stress.However,quantitative trait loci(QTLs)endowing heat stress tolerance and grain size in rice are extremely rare.Here,we identified a novel negative regulator with pleiotropic effects,Thermo‐Tolerance and grain Length 1(TTL1),from the super pan‐genomic and transcriptomic data.Loss‐of‐function mutations in TTL1 enhanced heat tolerance,and caused an increase in grain size by coordinating cell expansion and proliferation.TTL1 was shown to function as a transcriptional regulator and localized to the nucleus and cell membrane.Furthermore,haplotype analysis showed that hapL and hapS of TTL1 were obviously correlated with variations of thermotolerance and grain size in a core collection of cultivars.Genome evolution analysis of available rice germplasms suggested that TTL1 was selected during domestication of the indica and japonica rice subspecies,but still had much breeding potential for increasing grain length and thermotolerance.These findings provide insights into TTL1 as a novel potential target for the development of high‐yield and thermotolerant rice varieties. | Yarong Lin Yiwang Zhu Yuchao Cui Hongge Qian Qiaoling Yuan Rui Chen Yan Lin Jianmin Chen Xishi Zhou Chuanlin Shi Huiying He Taijiao Hu Chenbo Gu Xiaoman Yu Xiying Zhu Yuexing Wang Qian Qian Cuijun Zhang Feng Wang Lianguang Shang | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2023，65，12： | 0 |
| 16 | Correction to:The amelioration of degraded larch(Larix olgensis)soil depends on the proportion of Aralia elata litter in larch-A.elata agroforestry systems显示文摘Correction to:J.For.Res.http://gffzzd3cc09b8251d45dfs96xqxvcoxofk6cpq.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/10.1007/s11676-022-01526-w The article“The amelioration of degraded larch(Larix olgensis)soil depends on the proportion of Aralia elata litter in larch-A.elata agroforestry systems”,written by Pingzhen Gao·Jiaojun Zhu·Qiaoling Yan·Kai Yang and Jinxin Zhang was originally published Online First without Open Access. | Pingzhen Gao Jiaojun Zhu Qiaoling Yan Kai Yang Jinxin Zhang | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，5： | 0 |
| 17 | A centromere map based on super pan-genome highlights the structure and function of rice centromeres显示文摘Rice(Oryza sativa)is a significant crop worldwide with a genome shaped by various evolutionary factors.Rice centromeres are crucial for chromosome segregation,and contain some unreported genes.Due to the diverse and complex centromere region,a comprehensive understanding of rice centromere structure and function at the population level is needed.We constructed a high-quality centromere map based on the rice super pangenome consisting of a 251-accession panel comprising both cultivated and wild species of Asian and African rice.We showed that rice centromeres have diverse satellite repeat CentO,which vary across chromosomes and subpopulations,reflecting their distinct evolutionary patterns.We also revealed that long terminal repeats(LTRs),especially young Gypsy-type LTRs,are abundant in the peripheral CentO-enriched regions and drive rice centromere expansion and evolution.Furthermore,high-quality genome assembly and complete telomere-to-telomere(T2T)reference genome enable us to obtain more centromeric genome information despite mapping and cloning of centromere genes being challenging.We investigated the association between structural variations and gene expression in the rice centromere.A centromere gene,OsMAB,which positively regulates rice tiller number,was further confirmed by expression quantitative trait loci,haplotype analysis and clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein9 methods.By revealing the new insights into the evolutionary patterns and biological roles of rice centromeres,our finding will facilitate future research on centromere biology and crop improvement. | Yang Lv Congcong Liu Xiaoxia Li Yueying Wang Huiying He Wenchuang He Wu Chen Longbo Yang Xiaofan Dai Xinglan Cao Xiaoman Yu Jiajia Liu Bin Zhang Hua Wei Hong Zhang Hongge Qian Chuanlin Shi Yue Leng Xiangpei Liu Mingliang Guo Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng Zhang Tianyi Wang Bintao Zhang Qiang Xu Yan Cui Qianqian Zhang Qiaoling Yuan Noushin Jahan Jie Ma Xiaoming Zheng Yongfeng Zhou Qian Qian Longbiao Guo Lianguang Shang | 2024 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2024，66，2： | 0 |
| 18 | Storage Stability of Imidacloprid Residues in Different Matrixes of Lycium barbarum显示文摘The storage stability and degradation trends of imidacloprid residues in different matrix of Lycium barbarum were investigated by directly adding0. 1 mg/kg imidacloprid,frozen storage and phase detection. The results showed that under frozen condition,the storage stability of imidacloprid residues remained good for half a year in dry fruit,and a year in fresh fruit of L. barbarum. There was no significant change of imidacloprid residues between different processing of dry fruit and fresh fruit,and sample processing methods( crushing or homogenizing) had no significant effect on the degradation trends of imidacloprid. Therefore,the samples could be processed into crushed samples or homogenized samples for storage as soon as possible according to the needs,and the dry fruit should be detected within half a year,while the fresh fruit should be detected within a year. | Fengfeng ZHANG Xiaojing WANG Yan WU Qiaoling SHAN | 2018 | Agricultural Biotechnology2018，7，4： | 0 |
| 19 | The amelioration of degraded larch(Larix olgensis)soil depends on the proportion of Aralia elata litter in larch-A.elata agroforestry systems显示文摘Research has indicated that introducing Aralia elata into larch plantations forms an agroforestry system which could provide economic benefi ts for local farmers and improve degraded soils.However,the impact of litter mixtures on soil chemical and microbial properties in this agroforestry system are unclear,which limits effi cient management of the agroforestry system.A 365-d incubation experiment examined the eff ect of litter mixtures of diff erent proportions of larch(L)and A.elata(A)on soil chemical and microbial properties.The results show that levels of mineral N,available P,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,cumulative C mineralization,and activities of hydrolases and oxidases increased with an increase of A.elata in the litter mixtures.Concentration of total soil carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorous did not change(except for total nitrogen).Compared with larch litter alone,levels of mineral N,available P,microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,cumulative C mineralization,and the activities of hydrolases and oxidases increased by 7.6–433.5%.Most chemical and microbial properties were positively correlated with mixed litter proportions and the initial levels of N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Mn,Zn and Cu in the litter,while negatively correlated with the initial concentrations of C,Fe and lignin,C/N and lignin/N ratios.The results indicate that A.elata litter can improve degraded larch soil and the degree depends on the proportion of A.elata litter in the litter mixtures. | Pingzhen Gao Jiaojun Zhu Qiaoling Yan Kai Yang Jinxin Zhang | 2023 | Journal of Forestry Research2023，34，4： | 0 |
| 20 | Roles of abscisic acid and gibberellins in maintaining primary and secondary dormancy of Korean pine seeds显示文摘Primary dormancy of seeds of Korean pine(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)after dispersal in the autumn and the induction of secondary dormancy the fi rst summer following seed dispersal limit the regeneration of mixed broadleaved Korean pine forests in Northeast China.This study was to determine how changes in the levels of abscisic acid(ABA)and gibberellic acid(GA)maintain primary and secondary dormancy of Korean pine seeds under germination conditions.We transferred seeds with one of fi ve primary dormancy states or three secondary dormancy states to germination conditions and measured changes in the levels of ABA,GA 1+3(GA 1 and GA 3)and GA 4+7(GA 4 and GA 7)in the seed coat,megagametophyte and embryo during incubation.Seed coat ABA levels in primary dormant seeds(PDS)and ABA levels in various parts of secondary dormant seeds(SDS)gradually declined during incubation but were still higher than in seeds for which dormancy was progressively released.GA 4+7 and GA 1+3 levels in embryos greatly decreased 35%and 24%,respectively,during incubation of SDS,and thus,the ratio of ABA to GA 4+7 in embryos and megagametophytes signifi cantly increased.The ratio of ABA to GA 1+3 in various parts of SDS increased slightly during incubation.In contrast,in seeds for which secondary dormancy was already released,GA 4+7 and GA 1+3 levels in the embryo,GA 4+7/ABA ratio in the embryo and seed coat,and the GA 1+3/ABA in the embryo and megagametophyte signifi cantly increased during incubation.There was no trend in the changes in the levels of ABA,GA 4+7 or GA 1+3 in embryos and megagametophytes of PDS or the levels of GA 4+7 or GA 1+3 in megagametophytes of SDS during incubation.The results suggest that high ABA levels in the seed coat maintain primary dormancy of Korean pine seeds.Maintenance of secondary dormancy involves a reduction of GA 4+7,GA 1+3,GA 4+7/ABA,and GA 1+3/ABA and the retention of high ABA levels. | Yuan Song Jiaojun Zhu Qiaoling Yan | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，6： | 0 |
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