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| 1 | Efficacy and safety of over-the-scope clip: Including complications after endoscopic submucosal dissection显示文摘AIM: To retrospectively review the results of over-thescope clip (OTSC) use in our hospital and to examine the feasibility of using the OTSC to treat perforations after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). METHODS: We enrolled 23 patients who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, fistulae and perforations and were treated with OTSCs (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) between November 2011 and September 2012. Maximum lesion size was defined as lesion diameter. The number of OTSCs to be used per patient was not decided until the lesion was completely closed. We used a twin grasper (Ovesco Endoscopy GmbH, Tuebingen, Germany) as a grasping device for all the patients. A 9 mm OTSC was chosen for use in the esophagus and colon, and a 10 mm device was used for the stomach, duodenum and rectum. The overall success rate and complications were evaluated, with a particular emphasis on patients who had undergone ESD due to adenocarcinoma. In technical successful cases we included not only complete closing by using OTSCs, but also partial closing where complete closure with OTSCs is almost difficult. In overall clinical successful cases we included only complete closing by using only OTSCs perfectly. All the OTSCs were placed by 2 experienced endoscopists. The sites closed after ESD included not only the perforation site but also all defective ulcers sites.RESULTS: A total of 23 patients [mean age 77 years (range 64-98 years)] underwent OTSC placement during the study period. The indications for OTSC placement were GI bleeding (n = 9), perforation (n = 10), fistula (n = 4) and the prevention of post-ESD duodenal artificial ulcer perforation (n = 1). One patient had a perforation caused by a glycerin enema, after which a fistula formed. Lesion closure using the OTSC alone was successful in 19 out of 23 patients, and overall success rate was 82.6%. A large lesion size (greater than 20 mm) and a delayed diagnosis (more than 1 wk) were the major contributing factors for the overall unsuccessful clinical cases. The location of the unsuccessful lesion was in the stomach. The median operation time in the successful cases was 18 min, and the average observation time was 67 d. During the observation period, none of the patients experienced any complications associated with OTSC placement. In addition, we successfully used the OTSC to close the perforation site after ESD in 6 patients. This was a single-center, retrospective study with a small sample size. CONCLUSION: The OTSC is effective for treating GI bleeding, fistulae as well as perforations, and the OTSC technique proofed effective treatment for perforation after ESD. | Noriko Nishiyama Hirohito Mori Hideki Kobara Kazi Rafiq Shintarou Fujihara Mitsuyoshi Kobayashi Makoto Oryu Tsutomu Masaki | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，18： | 42 |
| 2 | Unusual presentations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis:Case series and review of literature显示文摘Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration. Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis. Four cases responded well to medical therapy and one had recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis. Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outlet and/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also present as esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy. | Rafiq A Sheikh Thomas P Prindiville R Erick Pecha Boris H Ruebner | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，17： | 43 |
| 3 | Sorption of ammonium and phosphate from aqueous solution by biochar derived from phytoremediation plants显示文摘The study on biochar derived from plant biomass for environmental applications is attracting more and more attention. Twelve sets of biochar were obtained by treating four phytoremediation plants, Salix rosthornii Seemen, Thalia dealbata, Vetiveria zizanioides, and Phragmites sp., sequentially through pyrolysis at 500 °C in a N2 environment, and under different temperatures(500, 600, and 700 °C) in a CO2 environment. The cation exchange capacity and specific surface area of biochar varied with both plant species and pyrolysis temperature. The magnesium(Mg) content of biochar derived from T. dealbata(TC) was obviously higher than that of the other plant biochars. This biochar also had the highest sorption capacity for phosphate and ammonium. In terms of biomass yields, adsorption capacity, and energy cost, T. dealbata biochar produced at 600 °C(TC600) is the most promising sorbent for removing contaminants(N and P) from aqueous solution. Therefore, T. dealbata appears to be the best candidate for phytoremediation application as its biomass can make a good biochar for environmental cleaning. | Zheng ZENG Song-da ZHANG Ting-qiang LI Feng-liang ZHAO Zhen-li HE He-ping ZHAO Xiao-e YANG Hai-long WANG Jing ZHAO Muhammad Tariq RAFIQ | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，12： | 17 |
| 4 | Estimating the spatial distribution of organic carbon density for the soils of Ohio, USA显示文摘包含 1424 引用 geo 的土壤侧面的国家土壤调查中心的历史的数据库在这研究被使用为美国俄亥俄的土壤估计器官的碳(SOC ) 。学习的特定的目的是估计 SOC 密度的空间分发(C 存货每统一区域) 到为用地理上加权的回归(GWR ) 的俄亥俄的土壤的 1.0-m 深度,并且把结果与那从多重线性回归(MLR ) 获得了作比较。大约 80% 分析数据被用于刻度并且 20% 为确认。包括使用数据被用于印射 SOC 密度的地面属性,气候数据,基岩地质学,和土地的 20 个变量的一个总数。结果证明 GWR 向更好的评价提供了最低(3.81 kg m2 ) 根均方差(RMSE ) 比 MLR 途径。为在俄亥俄的土壤的全部的估计的 SOC 水池从 727 ~ 742 Tg 。这研究表明那,本地空间统计技术, GWR 能在作为与象 MLR 那样的另外的全球空间统计技术相比越过学习区域捕获 SOC 的空间分发更好表现。因此, GWR 为印射 SOC 密度提高精确性。 | Sandeep KUMAR Rattan LAL Desheng LIU Rashid RAFIQ | 2013 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2013，23，2： | 15 |
| 5 | Cropland redistribution to marginal lands undermines environmental sustainability显示文摘Cropland redistribution to marginal land has been reported worldwide;however,the resulting impacts on environmental sustainability have not been investigated sufficiently.Here we investigated the environmental impacts of cropland redistribution in China.As a result of urbanization-induced loss of high-quality croplands in south China(~8.5 t ha^(-1)),croplands expanded to marginal lands in northeast(~4.5 t ha^(-1)) and northwest China(~2.9 t ha^(-1)) during 1990-2015 to pursue food security.However,the reclamation in these low-yield and ecologically vulnerable zones considerably undermined local environmental sustainability,for example increasing wind erosion(+3.47%),irrigation water consumption(+34.42%),fertilizer use(+20.02%) and decreasing natural habitats(-3.11%).Forecasts show that further reclamation in marginal lands per current policies would exacerbate environmental costs by 2050.The future cropland security risk will be remarkably intensified because of the conflict between food production and environmental sustainability.Our research suggests that globally emerging reclamation of marginal lands should be restricted and crop yield boost should be encouraged for both food security and environmental benefits. | Wenhui Kuang Jiyuan Liu Hanqin Tian Hao Shi Jinwei Dong Changqing Song Xiaoyong Li Guoming Du Yali Hou Dengsheng Lu Wenfeng Chi Tao Pan Shuwen Zhang Rafiq Hamdi Zherui Yin Huimin Yan Changzhen Yan Shixin Wu Rendong Li Jiuchun Yang Yinyin Dou Wenbin Wu Liqiao Liang Bao Xiang Shiqi Yang | 2022 | National Science Review2022，9，1： | 13 |
| 6 | Numerical Simulation of Direct-contact Condensation from a Supersonic Steam Jet in Subcooled Water显示文摘直接接触的冷凝作用的现象,在驾驶的蒸气使用喷气注射者,核反应堆紧急情况核心冷却系统和直接接触的热 exchangers,被在使过冷的水里为蒸气的直接接触的冷凝作用介绍一个热平衡模型计算地调查。介绍的冷凝作用模型是在接口的双方上照顾热转移过程并且使用一条可变蒸气水泡直径的二个抵抗模型。在使过冷的水坦克的超声的蒸气喷气的注射用 Euler-Euler 多相的流动模型被模仿流畅与冷凝作用模型一起的 6.3 代码合并了。模拟与出版试验性的数据和相当好的同意相比的计算液体动力学(CFD ) 的调查结果被观察在之间二,因此验证冷凝作用模型。为羽毛从 2.73-7.33 改变的蒸气的无尺寸的穿入长度的 CFD 模拟的结果,当冷凝作用热转移系数从 0.75-0.917 MW 汯敹桴牥?晬湯 ? 变化时 ???? 琠楲敭潳汹?? | Ajmal Shah Imran Rafiq Chughtai Mansoor Hameed Inayat | 2010 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2010，18，4： | 13 |
| 7 | NCB-02 (standardized Curcumin preparation) protects dinitrochlorobenzene-induced colitis through down-regulation of NFκ-B and iNOS显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the efficacy and mechanism of action of NCB-02, a standardized Curcumin preparation, against 2, 4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced ulcerative colitis in rats. METHODS: Ulcerative colitis was induced in male rats by sensitizing with topical application of DNCB in acetone for 14 d and intra-colonol challenge with DNCB on day 15. A separate group of animals with vehicle treatment in similar fashion served as control group. Colitis rats were divided into different groups and treated with NCB-02 at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt p.o. for 10 d. Sulfasalazine at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt for 10 d served as a reference group. On day 10 after respective assigned treatment, all the animals were euthanized and the length of the colon, weight of entire colon and distal 8 cm of the colon were recorded. The distal part of the colon was immediately observed under a stereomicroscope and the degree of damage was scored. Further distal 8 cm of the colon was subject to the determination of colonic myeloperoxidase (MPO), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. A small piece of the sample from distal colon of each animal was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin wax and sectioned for immunohistochemical examination of NFκ-B and iNOS expression. RESULTS: NCB-02 showed a dose dependent protection against DNCB-induced alteration in colon length and weight. NCB-02 treatment also showed a dose dependent protection against the elevated levels of MPO, LPO and ALP, induced by DNCB. NCB-02 demonstrated a significant effect at a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt., which was almost equipotent to 100 mg/kg b.wt. of sulfasalazine. Treatment with sulfasalazine and curcuminat a dose of 100 mg/kg b.wt. inhibited the DNCB-induced overexpression of NFκ-B and iNOS in the colon. CONCLUSION: Curcumin treatment ameliorates colonic damage in DNCB-induced colitic rats, an effect associated with an improvement in intestinal oxidative stress and downregulation of colonic NFκ-B and iNOS expression. | MV Venkataranganna Md Rafiq S Gopumadhavan Ghouse Peer UV Babu SK Mitra | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，7： | 12 |
| 8 | 早期血运重建及体外膜肺氧合支持治疗急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克的疗效观察及影响因素分析显示文摘目的:探讨早期血运重建及体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)治疗急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克患者的疗效,并分析影响其预后的因素。方法:回顾2018年1月至2019年12月郑州大学人民医院早期血运重建及ECMO救治的急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克66例患者的临床资料。收集并分析患者一般情况、临床特征、合并症、冠状动脉病变特点,ECMO前后血流动力学变化及应用时长、并发症及疗效,是否应用主动脉球囊反搏(IABP)及院内临床转归等。结果:66例患者平均年龄(56.6±11.7)岁,其中男性46例。患者入院均行早期血运重建:5例行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG);61例行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI),其中44例行入院即刻早期血运重建,17例行院内延迟早期血运重建;其中42例患者为多支冠状动脉病变。所有患者均应用ECMO辅助,其中39例使用了IABP。ECMO治疗后患者平均动脉压、中心静脉压、血乳酸水平及pH值均得到显著改善(P均<0.05)。66例患者中38例成功撤机,30例存活出院,36例死亡;并发症分别为20例肾功能不全或急性肾功能衰竭、11例消化道出血、5例脑出血、1例肺出血、9例下肢血栓及3例下肢缺血。多因素Logistic回归分析显示高血压,多脏器功能衰竭,发生至少2次呼吸心脏骤停、意识丧失及恶性心律失常事件为患者院内死亡的高危因素(P<0.05),应用IABP对院内结局无显著影响。结论:早期血运重建及ECMO用于救治急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克的患者是可行的。 | 韩宗茂 高洁 高传玉 张优 张静 朱中玉 齐大屯 黑飞龙 Rafiq Ahmed BHAT | 2021 | 中国循环杂志2021，36，5： | 12 |
| 9 | 基于随机森林模型的内陆干旱区植被指数变化与驱动力分析:以北天山北坡中段为例显示文摘全球变化背景下的干旱区植被变化受气候变化和人类活动双重影响。定量评价植被变化特征及其驱动机制,对监测干旱区区域生态环境变化,促进区域可持续发展有重要意义。由于复杂多样的人类活动难以量化,有关这方面的研究多局限于植被对气候变化的响应,而对人类活动影响考虑不足,导致关于这方面的认识存在较大的偏差和不确定性。该文首先提出与土地利用相关的人类活动量化表征方法;然后运用多元线性回归模型和随机森林模型中的较优模型,分析气候变化和具体的人类活动对北天山北坡中段归一化植被指数(NDVI)的影响。主要结果:(1) 2000–2015年期间北天山北坡中段年NDVI总体呈增加趋势;基于随机森林构建的NDVI与气候因子和人类活动的模型拟合精度明显优于多元线性回归模型,其决定系数(R2)至少提高了24%;(2)研究期内与耕地有关的人类活动对北天山北坡中段NDVI分布及时空变化的影响呈增加的特征,在2000–2015年期间人类活动对NDVI变化的贡献率为0.59,超过了气候因子。该项研究为气候变化和人类活动对植被的影响研究提供了新思路,也为干旱区生态环境保护和恢复提供了科学依据。 | 张文强 罗格平 郑宏伟 王浩 HAMDI Rafiq 何惠丽 蔡鹏 陈春波 | 2020 | 植物生态学报2020，44，11： | 11 |
| 10 | 基于大数据的全球城市扩展与土地覆盖动态遥感制图显示文摘Humans deeply influence the urbanizing of earth’s surface system in an exacerbating manner across space and time[1].Around the globe,urban land-use/cover changes reflect the intensities of human activities and land shifts from nature or semi-nature lands to man-made–dominated surfaces[2]. | 匡文慧 杜国明 陆灯盛 窦银银 李孝永 张澍 迟文锋 董金玮 陈广生 尹哲睿 潘涛 Rafiq Hamdi 侯亚丽 陈春阳 李晗 苗晨 | 2021 | Science Bulletin2021，66，4： | 8 |
| 11 | Impella心脏轴流泵与心源性休克救治研究进展显示文摘心源性休克的常见原因包括急性心肌梗死、心肌病、心包疾病、心肌炎、开胸手术,其主要表现为心输出量下降、平均动脉压下降、终末靶器官灌注不足,休克进入死亡瀑布。尽管介入、溶栓技术取得很大进步,但ST段抬高型心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者住院病死率仍高达50%以上。Impella是心脏血流动力学辅助装置轴流泵,可稳定心源性休克患者血流动力学,减轻左心室负荷,增加器官的有效灌注,促进患者康复。本文就目前治疗心源性休克面临的挑战及Impella心脏轴流泵在心源性休克救治中作用的研究进展作一综述。 | 高传玉 Rafiq Ahmed BHAT 张静 张健 | 2019 | 中华实用诊断与治疗杂志2019，33，9： | 6 |
| 12 | Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies显示文摘Viral hepatitis is one of the major public health concerns around the world but until recently it has drawn little attention or funding from global health policymakers.Every year 1.4 million people die from viral hepatitisrelated cirrhosis and liver cancer.However,the majority of the infected population are unaware of their condition.This population have significant obstacles to overcome such as lack of awareness,vulnerability,increased migration,disease stigma,discrimination,as well as poor health resources,conflict in policy development and program implementation.Despite implementing infection control measures over the last few decades eradication or significant disease reduction remains elusive.This study aims to present the current global prevalence status and examines potential elimination strategies.The information for this research were obtained through a systematic review,published scientific literatures,the official websites of various government organisations,international public health organisations and internationally recognised regulatory bodies over a period of 40 years between 1978 and2018. | Meryem Jefferies Bisma Rauff Harunor Rashid Thao Lam Shafquat Rafiq | 2018 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2018，6，13： | 6 |
| 13 | 基于卷积神经网络的非侵入式负荷监测方法显示文摘从深度学习与边缘计算的角度,对适用于电力物联网的非侵入式负荷监测方法展开了研究。针对NILM系统在物联网场景下的部署问题,提出了一种新的边缘计算架构,并讨论了各组成部分的任务分配。针对负荷激活在线提取问题,提出了基于离散度和用电行为规律分析的激活判断策略;针对低频采样下的负荷特征问题,提出了一种可自动提取激活特征并识别类型的卷积神经网络架构,并通过分析负荷激活的背景功率、功率波动等特性,定义了三个一般性特征作为补充。最后,在民用数据集上进行了实验,证明了文中算法在泛化性能和计算效率方面的提升。 | 刘一铭 李惠民 王乐挺 Hasan RAFIQ | 2022 | 电测与仪表2022，59，1： | 6 |
| 14 | Spatio-temporal variation of land surface temperature and temperature lapse rate over mountainous Kashmir Himalaya显示文摘In this study, Land Surface Temperature(LST) and its lapse rate over the mountainous Kashmir Himalaya was estimated using MODIS data and correlated with the observed in-situ air temperature(Tair) data. Comparison between the MODIS LST and Tair showed a close agreement with the maximum error of the estimate ±1°C and the correlation coefficient >0.90. Analysis of the LST data from 2002-2012 showed an increasing trend at all the selected locations except at a site located in the southeastern part of Kashmir valley. Using the GTOPO30 DEM, MODIS LST data was used to estimate the actual temperature lapse rate(ATLR) along various transects across Kashmir Himalaya, which showed significant variations in space and time ranging from 0.3°C to 1.2°C per 100 m altitude change. This observation is at variance with the standard temperature lapse rate(STLR) of 0.65°C used universally in most of the hydrological and other land surface models. Snowmelt Runoff Model(SRM) was used to determine the efficacy of using the ATLR for simulating the stream flows in one of the glaciated and snow-covered watersheds in Kashmir. The use of ATLR in the SRM model improved the R2 between the observed and predicted streamflows from 0.92 to 0.97.It is hoped that the operational use of satellite-derived LST and ATLR shall improve the understanding and quantification of various processes related to climate, hydrology and ecosystem in the mountainous and data-scarce Himalaya where the use of temperature and ATLR are critical parameters for understanding various land surface and climate processes. | Shakil Ahmad ROMSHOO Mohammd RAFIQ Irfan RASHID | 2018 | Journal of Mountain Science2018，15，3： | 4 |
| 15 | 珍珠岩对蚯蚓同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的研究显示文摘本研究利用太平二号蚯蚓构建生物反应器,以污水处理厂脱水污泥和粉绿狐尾藻作为研究对象,探究添加不同比例的珍珠岩对蚯蚓动物反应器处理混合物的减量化、无害化和资源化效果.结果表明,添加珍珠岩能够显著提高蚯蚓动物反应器同步处理污泥-狐尾藻的效率,经反应器处理后,混合物减量化效果明显,处理后产物的pH、有机质、碱解氮和重金属含量(Cu、Pb、Cr)均表现为明显下降,电导率(EC)和速效磷显著上升.经反应器处理后,产物品质符合在pH>6.5的中性和碱性土壤上的施用标准.结果显示,当珍珠岩添加比例为4%时,对动物反应器的实用性和经济性效果最佳. | 丁哲利 朱骏杰 赵和平 叶子期 曾峥 吴呈显 Muhammad Tariq Rafiq 杨肖娥 | 2014 | 环境科学学报2014，34，5： | 4 |
| 16 | Predictors of All-Cause Mortality and Liver-Related Mortality in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)显示文摘 | Maria Stepanova Nila Rafiq Hala Makhlouf Ritambhara Agrawal Ishmeet Kaur Zahra Younoszai Arthur McCullough Zachary Goodman Zobair M. Younossi | 2013 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2013，，10： | 4 |
| 17 | Mechanical and corrosion properties of partially degradable bone screws made of pure iron and stainless steel 316L by friction welding显示文摘This paper reports a series of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo mechanical and corrosion studies of pin and screw prototype made of friction welded pure iron and 316 L type stainless steel aiming to evaluate the applicability of the partially removable bone screws. Results showed that the pin possesses bending, tensile and torsional strengths of1706±147, 666±7 and 0.34±0.03 MPa, respectively. The pin degraded at an average weight loss rate of 17.15×10-5 g cm-2 day-1 and released Fe ions at an average concentration of 2.38 ppm. Plastic deformation induced by torsion increased the corrosion rate of the pin from 0.0014 to 0.0137 mm year-1.The maximum pull-out load of the screw prototypes was3800 N with a calculated failure strength by shear load equal to22.2 k N which is higher than the strength of the cortical bone.Detailed analysis of the rat's blood cells during 60 days of the pin implantation indicated a normal response with low neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio of 0.3-0.5. Iron ion concentration in the rat's blood slightly increased from 55 to 61 ppm without affecting the tissue recovering and healing phase. Histological evaluation confirmed the presence of macrophage cells as a normal response to the released iron particles around the iron section of the pin. | Ahmad Kafrawi Nasution Mokhamad Fakhrul Ulum Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir Hendra Hermawan | 2018 | Science China Materials2018，61，4： | 3 |
| 18 | Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver显示文摘 | Nila Rafiq Chunhong Bai Yun Fang Manirath Srishord Arthur McCullough Terry Gramlich Zobair M. Younossi | 2009 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2009，，2： | 3 |
| 19 | 氟化处理对植入材料Mg-Ca二元合金腐蚀行为的影响(英文)显示文摘在室温下,将Mg-0.5Ca合金在不同浓度的氢氧化钠和HF溶液浸渍不同的时间,研究HF处理对合金腐蚀行为的影响。采用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射、场发射扫描电子显微镜表征样品的微观组织变化。通过动电位极化和Kokubo溶液浸泡试验测试样品的耐腐蚀性。结果表明,与35%HF处理的样品相比,经40%HF溶液处理的Mg-0.5Ca合金具有更均匀、更致密、更薄的涂层(12.6μm)。电化学测试表明,在Kokubo溶液中,经氟化物处理的Mg-0.5Ca合金样品的耐腐蚀性比未处理样品的高35倍;前者的体外降解速率远远低于后者的。在40%HF溶液处理过的样品表面只出现了一些腐蚀点,而未经处理的样品完全被腐蚀产物覆盖且出现了分层现象。40%HF处理的Mg-0.5Ca合金,具有低的降解速率和良好的生物相容性,是一种有潜力的植入材料。 | Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad Mohd Hasbullah Idris Moha mmed Rafiq Abdul Kadir Mohammadreza Daroonparvar | 2013 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2013，23，3： | 3 |
| 20 | A Reliable Stochastic Numerical Analysis for Typhoid Fever Incorporating With Protection Against Infection显示文摘In this paper,a reliable stochastic numerical analysis for typhoid fever incorporating with protection against infection has been considered.We have compared the solutions of stochastic and deterministic typhoid fever model.It has been shown that the stochastic typhoid fever model is more realistic as compared to the deterministic typhoid fever model.The effect of threshold number T*hold in stochastic typhoid fever model.The proposed framework of the stochastic non-standard finite difference scheme(SNSFD)preserves all dynamical properties like positivity,bounded-ness and dynamical consistency defined by Mickens,R.E.The stochastic numerical simulation of the model showed that increase in protection leads to low disease prevalence in a population. | Muhammad Shoaib Arif Ali Raza Muhammad Rafiq Mairaj Bibi Rabia Fayyaz Mehvish Naz Umer Javed | 2019 | Computers, Materials & Continua2019，，6： | 3 |
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