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| 1 | Dynamic magnetic resonance defecography in 10 asymptomatic volunteers显示文摘AIM: Evaluation of the wide range of normal findings in asymptomatic women undergoing dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) defecography. METHODS: MR defecography of 10 healthy female volunteers (median age: 31 years) without previous pregnancies or history of surgery were evaluated. The rectum was filled with 180 mL gadolinium ultrasound gel mixture. MR defecography was performed in the supine position. The pelvic floor was visualized with a dynamic T2-weighted sagittal plane where all relevant pelvic floor organs were acquired during defecation. The volunteers were instructed to relax and then to perform straining maneuvers to empty the rectum. The pubococcygeal line (PCGL) was used as the line of reference. The movement of pelvic floor organs was measured as the vertical distance to this reference line. Data were recorded in the resting position as well as during the defecation process with maximal straining. Examinations were performed and evaluated by two experienced abdominal radiologists without knowledge of patient history. RESULTS: Average position of the anorectal junction was located at -5.3 mm at rest and -29.9 mm during straining. The anorectal angle widened significantly from 93° at rest to 109° during defecation. A rectocele was diagnosed in eight out of 10 volunteers showing an average diameter of 25.9 mm. The bladder base was located at a position of +23 mm at rest and descended to -8.1 mm during defecation in relation to the PCGL. The bladder base moved below the PCGL in six out of 10 volunteers, which was formally defined as a cystocele. The uterocervical junction was located at an average level of +43.1 mm at rest and at +7.9 mm during straining. The uterocervical junction of three volunteers fell below the PCGL; described formally as uterocervical prolapse. CONCLUSION: Based on the range of standard values in asymptomatic volunteers, MR defecography values for pathological changes have to be re-evaluated. | Andreas G Schreyer Christian Paetzel Alois Fürst Lena M Dendl Elisabeth Hutzel René Müller-Wille Philipp Wiggermann Stephan Schleder Christian Stroszczynski Patrick Hoffstetter | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，46： | 7 |
| 2 | Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors显示文摘Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.Results: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.Conclusions: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study. | Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah Mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | The effect of electric field, annealing temperature and filler loading on the percolation threshold of polystyrene containing carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets 显示文摘 | Pang H Chen C Zhang Y C Ren P G Yan D X Li Z M | 2011 | Carbon2011，49，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Charge/discharge characteristics of sulfur composite cathode materials in reehargeable lithium batteries显示文摘 | He X M Pu W H Ren J G | 2007 | Electrochim Acta2007，52，25： | 1 |
| 5 | Electrodeposition of Sn-Cu alloy anodes for lithium batteries显示文摘 | PU W H HE X M REN J G | 2005 | Electrochimica Acta2005，50，20： | 1 |
| 6 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Wen H H Li S L Zhao Z W Ni Y M Ren Z A Che G C Zhao Z X | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Increased cadmium and lead uptake of a cadmium hyperaccumulator tomato by cadmium-resistant bacteria 显示文摘 | HE L Y CHEN A J REN G D ZHANG Y F QIAN M SHENG X F | 2009 | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety2009，72，： | 1 |
| 8 | Host plants and natural enemies of Bemisia tabaci (Homoptera:Aleyrodidae) in China显示文摘 | LiS J Xue X Ahmed M Z Ren S X Du Y Z Wu J H Cuthbertson A G S and Qiu B L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Semi-supervised clustering for MR brain image segmentation显示文摘 | Portela N M Cavalcanti G D C Ren T I | 2014 | Expert Systems with Applications2014，41，4： | 1 |
| 10 | A review of formation mechanism and restoration measures of 'black soil-type' degraded grassland in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau显示文摘 | Dong Q M Zhao X Q Wu G L Shi J J Ren G H | 2013 | Environmental Earth Sciences2013，70，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Essential role of Smad3 in infarct healing and in the pathogenesis of cardiac remodeling显示文摘 | Bujak M Ren G Kweon HI | 2007 | Circulation2007，116，： | 1 |
| 12 | Relationship between the subtropical anticyclone and diabatic heating显示文摘 | LIU Y M WU G X REN R C | 2004 | Journal of Climate2004，17，： | 1 |
| 13 | Influence of de electric current on the hardness of thermally aged Cu-Cr-Zr alloy 显示文摘 | Wang Z J Zhong Y B Cao G H Wang C Wang J Ren W L Lei Z S Ben Z M | 2009 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2009，479，： | 1 |
| 14 | Kinetics and Thermo- dynamics of Adsorption of Ionizable Aromatic Compounds From Aqueous Solutions by as-Prepared and Oxidized Multi- walled Carbon Nanotubes 显示文摘 | Sheng G D Shao D D Ren X M | 2010 | Journal of Hazardous Materi- als2010，178，： | 1 |
| 15 | Novel FGFR inhibitor ponatinib suppresses the growth of non-small cell lung cancer cells overexpressing FGFR l显示文摘 | Ren M Hong M Liu G | 2013 | Oncol Rep2013，29，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Enhancement of magnetoresistance in La2/3 Ca1/3MnO3/xCuMn2O4 nanocomposites显示文摘 | Miao J H Yuan S L Ren G M | 2007 | J Phys D:Appl Phys2007，40，： | 1 |
| 17 | Components of litter size in gilts with different prolactin receptor genotypes显示文摘 | van Rens B T M Evans G J van der Lende T | 2003 | Theriogenology2003，59，34： | 1 |
| 18 | Expansion and shrinkage of the sulfur composite electrode in rechargeable lithium batteries显示文摘 | He X M Ren J G Wang L | 2009 | J Power Sources2009，190，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Occurrence and characteristics of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in stack gas emissions from industrial thermal processes显示文摘 | Du B Zheng M H Tian H Liu A Huang Y Li L Ba T Li N Ren Y Li Y Dong S Su G | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 20 | The phosphate transporter gene OsPhtl;8 isinvolved in phosphate homeostasis in rice 显示文摘 | Jia H F Ren H G Gu M Zhao J N Sun S Zhang X Chen J Y Wu P Xu G H | 2011 | Plant Physiology2011，156，3： | 1 |
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