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| 1 | Degradation of SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 by the E3 ubiquitin ligase Skp2 in lung epithelial cells显示文摘An unexpected observation among the COVID-19 pandemic is that smokers constituted only 1.4%–18.5%of hospitalized adults,calling for an urgent investigation to determine the role of smoking in SARS-CoV-2 infection.Here,we show that cigarette smoke extract(CSE)and carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene(BaP)increase ACE2 mRNA but trigger ACE2 protein catabolism.BaP induces an aryl hydrocarbon receptor(AhR)-dependent upregulation of the ubiquitin E3 ligase Skp2 for ACE2 ubiquitination.ACE2 in lung tissues of non-smokers is higher than in smokers,consistent with the findings that tobacco carcinogens downregulate ACE2 in mice.Tobacco carcinogens inhibit SARS-CoV-2 spike protein pseudovirions infection of the cells.Given that tobacco smoke accounts for 8 million deaths including 2.1 million cancer deaths annually and Skp2 is an oncoprotein,tobacco use should not be recommended and cessation plan should be prepared for smokers in COVID-19 pandemic. | Guizhen Wang Qun Zhao Hui Zhang Fan Liang Chen Zhang Jun Wang Zhenyin Chen Ran Wu Hong Yu Beibei Sun Hua Guo Ruie Feng Kaifeng Xu Guangbiao Zhou | 2021 | Frontiers of Medicine2021，15，2： | 1 |
| 2 | Biliary candidiasis mimicking IgG4-related disease in a patient with normal immunity显示文摘Purpose:To report a rare case of biliary candidiasis in a host with normal immunity.Methods:Laboratory tests indicated an elevated G level of 1000 pg/ml.Microscopic examination of pathological sections demonstrated multiple,narrow base,budding yeast cells following Grocott's methenamine silver staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining.Subsequent sequence analysis supported the diagnosis of biliary candidiasis.Results:A 31-year-old previously healthy man developed obstructive jaundice under no obvious inducement.He experienced cholecystectomy and biliary drainage.Surgical specimens revealed granulomatous chronic inflammation in the gallbladder,liver,bile ducts and mesenteric lymph nodes.He was misdiagnosed with tuberculosis and received antituberculosis treatment.However,his condition did not improve.He was finally diagnosed with biliary candidiasis and administered the antifungal treatment with fluconazole.His symptoms improved after such treatment.Conclusions:We reported a case of biliary candidiasis that mimicked IgG4-RD in a host with normal immunity.Our findings highlighted the need for pathological diagnosis in patients with symptoms resembling IgG4-RD. | Wenjie Bian Yuchao Zhong Xia Zhang Hongbin Chen Ruie Feng Xinyu Zhang Danhua Shen Yanying Liu | 2022 | Rheumatology & Autoimmunity2022，2，3： | 0 |
| 3 | Comparison of pathological findings between patients with relapsed and non-relapsed immunoglobin G4-related disease显示文摘Immunoglobin(Ig)G4-related disease(IgG4-RD)is an immune-mediated fibroinflammatory condition characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and multi-organ involvement.The characteristic histological findings of IgG4-RD are dense lymphoplasmacytic infiltration,fibrosis,and massive IgG4 positive plasma cells infiltrating the affected tissues.[1]Previous studies have demonstrated various relapse predictors corresponding to demographic,clinical characteristics,laboratory test results,and treatment agents.However,no study has revealed the risk factors of flares in pathology.This study aimed to ascertain whether the pathological characteristics are related to therapeutic outcomes. | Hui Lu Shan Wang Mu Wang Xiaowei Liu Linyi Peng Jiaxin Zhou Jieqiong Li Zheng Liu Xuan Luo Yu Peng Yunyun Fei Yan Zhao Xiaofeng Zeng Ruie Feng Wen Zhang | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，4： | 0 |
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