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| 1 | Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A review of current and emerging drug therapies显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a highly prevalent medical condition that adversely affects patient quality of life and constitutes a significant economic burden on healthcare resources. A large proportion of patients suffer from the constipation subtype of IBS(IBS-C), most commonly afflicting older individuals and those with a lower socioeconomic status. Conventional pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options have limited efficacies and/or significant adverse events, which lead to increased long-term health care expenditures. Failure to effectively treat IBS-C patients over the past decades has largely been due to a poor understanding of disease pathophysiology, lack of a global view of the patient, and an inappropriate selection of patients and treatment endpoints in clinical trials. In recent years, however, more effective and safer drugs have been developed for the treatment of IBS-C. The advancement in the area of pharmacologic treatment is based on new knowledge of the pathophysiologic basis of IBS-C and the development of drugs with increased selectivity within pharmacologic classes with recognized efficacies. This narrative review covers the spectrum of available drugs and their mechanisms of action, as well as the efficacy and safety profiles of each as determined in relevant clinical trials that have investigated treatment options for IBS-C and chronic constipation. A brief summary of laxative-based treatment options is presented, followed by up-to-date assessments for three classes of drugs: prokinetics, prosecretory agents, and bile acid modulators. | Khaled A Jadallah Susan M Kullab David S Sanders | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 9 |
| 2 | Osteoprotegerin: A Novel Secreted Protein Involved in the Regulation of Bone Density显示文摘 | W.S Simonet D.L Lacey C.R Dunstan M Kelley M.-S Chang R Lüthy H.Q Nguyen S Wooden L Bennett T Boone G Shimamoto M DeRose R Elliott A Colombero H.-L Tan G Trail J Sullivan E Davy N Bucay L Renshaw-Gegg T.M Hughes D Hill W Pattison P Campbell S Sander G Van | 1997 | Cell1997，，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Complete genomes of two clinical Staphylococcus aureus strains:evidence for the rapid evolution of virulence and drug resistance显示文摘 | Holden MT Feil EJ Lindsay JA Peacock SJ Day NP Enright MC Foster TJ Moore CE Hurst L Atkin R Barron A Bason N Bentley SD Chillingworth C Chillingworth T Churcher C Clark L Corton C Cronin A Doggett J Dowd L Feltwell T Hance Z Harris B Hauser H Holroyd S Jagels K James KD Lennard N Line A Mayes R Moule S Mungall K Ormond D Quail MA Rabbinowitsch E Rutherford K Sanders M Sharp S Simmonds M Stevens K Whitehead S Barrell BG Spratt BG Parkhill J | 2004 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2004，101，26： | 1 |
| 4 | Cloning and expression profiling of testis-expressed microRNAs 显示文摘 | RO S PARK C SANDERS K M | 2007 | Developmental biology2007，311，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Determination of organic acids in Vaccinium berry standard reference materials显示文摘 | Phillips M M Case R J Rimmer C A Sander L C Sharpless K E Wise S A Yen J H | 2010 | Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry2010，398，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Systematic investigation of cracks in encapsulated solar cells after mechanical loading显示文摘 | Sander M Dietrich S Pander M | 2013 | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells2013，111，： | 1 |
| 7 | Fundamental impor- tance of Na+-Ca2+ exchange for the pacemaking mechanism in guinea-pig sino-atrial node显示文摘 | Sanders L Rakovic S Lowe M | 2006 | J Physiol2006，571，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Cell proliferation in the gastrulating chick embryo:a study using BrdU incorporation and PCNA localization显示文摘 | Sanders E J Varedi M French A S | 1993 | Development1993，118，： | 1 |
| 9 | The efficacy of mag- netic resonance imaging to predict occult invasive cancer in the breast and axilla among patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ on core biopsy显示文摘 | Sparber L S Murthy V Sanders L M | 2014 | J Surg Res2014，186，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Benign childhood focal epilepsies: assessment of established and newly recognized syndromes显示文摘 | Panayiotopoulos CP Michael M Sanders S | 2008 | Brain2008，131，9： | 1 |
| 11 | Coating technology based on the vacuum arc显示文摘 | Sanders D M Boercker D B Falabella S | 1990 | IEEE Trans On Plasma Science1990，18，： | 1 |
| 12 | Seismic performance of two-column bents-part I:retrofit with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer fabrics显示文摘 | PULIDO C SAIIDI M S SANDERS D | 2005 | ACI Structural Journal2005，101，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Positive and negative regulatory elements control the steroid-responsive ovalbumin promoter显示文摘 | SANDERS M M MCKNIGHT G S | 1988 | Biochemistry1988，27，17： | 1 |
| 14 | Fabrication of high-density,high- aspect ratio,large-area bismuth telleuride nanowire arrays by electrode position into porous anodic alumina templates 显示文摘 | SANDER M S PRIETO A L GRONSKY R | 2002 | Advanced Materials2002，14，9： | 1 |
| 15 | 显示文摘 | Makgoba M W Sanders M E Shaw S | 1989 | Immunol Today1989，10，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Fractionated atrial electrograms during sinus rhythm: relation- ship to age, voltage, and conduction velocity显示文摘 | ROBERTS THOMSON K C KISTLER P M SANDER S P | 2009 | Heart Rhythm2009，6，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Threat- ened carotid artery rupture~ a complication of radical neck sur- gery显示文摘 | Sanders E M Davis K R Whelan C S Deckers P J | 1986 | J Surg Oneo11986，33，： | 1 |
| 18 | Nature of growth ofdual titanium boride layers with nanostructured titaniumboride whiskers on the surface of titanium 显示文摘 | Tikekar N M Ravi C K S Sanders T | 2001 | ScriptaMaterialia2001，57，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Generalized averaging method for power conversion circuits 显示文摘 | Sanders S R Noworolski J M Liu X Z | 1991 | IEEE Transactions on Power Electonics1991，6，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Night driving simulation in a randomized prospectivecomparison of Visian toric implantable collamer lens and con-ventional PRK for moderate to high myopic astigmatism显示文摘 | Schallhom S Tanzer D Sanders DR Sanders M Brown M Kaupp SE | 2010 | JRefract Surg2010，26，5： | 1 |
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