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| 1 | Polymethylmethacrylate bone cements and additives: A review of the literature显示文摘Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) bone cement technology has progressed from industrial Plexiglass administration in the 1950 s to the recent advent of nanoparticle additives. Additives have been trialed to address problems with modern bone cements such as the loosening of prosthesis, high post-operative infection rates, and inflammatory reduction in interface integrity. This review aims to assess current additives used in PMMA bone cements and offer an insight regarding future directions for this biomaterial. Low index(< 15%) vitamin E and low index(< 5 g) antibiotic impregnated additives significantly address infection and inflammatory problems, with only modest reductions in mechanical strength. Chitosan(15% w/w PMMA) and silver(1% w/w PMMA) nanoparticles have strong antibacterial activity with no significant reduction in mechanical strength. Future work on PMMA bone cements should focus on trialing combinations of these additives as this may enhance favourable properties. | Manit Arora Edward KS Chan Sunil Gupta Ashish D Diwan | 2013 | World Journal of Orthopedics2013，4，2： | 10 |
| 2 | Evaluating the accuracy of American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guidelines in patients with acute gallstone pancreatitis with choledocholithiasis显示文摘BACKGROUND Acute gallstone pancreatitis(AGP) is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis(AP) in the United States. Patients with AGP may also present with choledocholithiasis. In 2010, the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy(ASGE) suggested a management algorithm based on probability for choledocholithiasis, recommending additional imaging for patients at intermediate risk and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for patients at high risk of choledocholithiasis. In 2019, the ASGE guidelines were updated using more specific criteria to categorize individuals at high risk for choledocholithiasis. Neither ASGE guideline has been studied in AGP to determine the probability of having choledocholithiasis.AIM To determine compliance with ASGE guidelines, assess outcomes, and compare 2019 vs 2010 ASGE criteria for suspected choledocholithiasis in AGP.METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 882 patients admitted with AP to a single tertiary care center from 2008-2018. AP was diagnosed using revised Atlanta criteria and AGP was defined as the presence of gallstones on imaging or with cholestatic pattern of liver injury in the absence of another cause. Patients with chronic pancreatitis and pancreatic malignancy were excluded as were those who went directly to cholecystectomy prior to assessment for choledocholithiasis. Patients were assigned low, intermediate or high risk based on ASGE guidelines. Our primary outcomes of interest were the proportion of patients in the intermediate risk group undergoing magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) first and the proportion of patients in the high risk group undergoing ERCP directly without preceding imaging. Secondary outcomes of interest included outcome differences based on if guidelines were not adhered to. We then evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of 2019 in comparison to the 2010 ASGE criteria for patients with suspected choledocholithiasis. We performed the t test or Wilcoxon rank sum test, as appropriate, to analyze if there were outcome differences based on if guidelines were not adhered to. Kappa coefficients were calculated to measure the degree of agreement between pairs of variables.RESULTS In this cohort, we identified 235 patients with AGP of which 79 patients were excluded as they went directly to surgery for cholecystectomy without prior MRCP or ERCP. Of the remaining 156 patients, 79 patients were categorized as intermediate risk and 77 patients were high risk for choledocholithiasis according to the 2010 ASGE guidelines. Among 79 intermediate risk patients, 54(68%) underwent MRCP first whereas 25 patients(32%) went directly to ERCP. For the 54 patients with intermediate risk who had MRCP first, 36 patients had no choledocholithiasis while 18 patients had evidence of choledocholithiasis prompting ERCP. Of these patients, ERCP confirmed stone disease in 11 patients. Of the 25 intermediate risk patients who directly underwent ERCP, 18 patients had stone disease. One patient with a normal ERCP developed post ERCP pancreatitis. Patients undergoing MRCP in this group had a significantly longer length of stay(5.0 vs 4.0 d, P = 0.02). In the high risk group, 64 patients(83%) had ERCP without preceding imaging, of which, 53 patients had findings consistent with choledocholithiasis, of which 13 patients(17%) underwent MRCP before ERCP, all of which showed evidence of stone disease. Furthermore, all of these patients ultimately had an ERCP, of which 8 patients had evidence of stones and 5 had normal examination.RESULTS Our cohort also demonstrated that 58% of all 156 patients with AGP had confirmed choledocholithiasis(79% of the high risk group and 37% of the intermediate group when risk was assigned based on the 2010 ASGE guidelines). When the updated 2019 ASGE guidelines were applied instead of the original 2010 guidelines, there was moderate agreement between the 2010 and 2019 guidelines(kappa = 0.46, 95%CI: 0.34-0.58). Forty-two of 77 patients were still deemed to be high risk and 35 patients were downgraded to intermediate risk. Thirty-five patients who were originally assigned high risk were reclassified as intermediate risk. For these 35 patients, 26 patients had ERCP findings consistent with choledocholithiasis and 9 patients had a normal examination. Based on the 2019 criteria, 9/35 patients who were downgraded to intermediate risk had an unnecessary ERCP with normal findings(without a preceding MRCP).CONCLUSION Two-thirds in intermediate risk and 83% in high risk group followed ASGE guidelines for choledocholithiasis. One intermediate-group patient with normal ERCP had post-ERCP AP, highlighting the risk of unnecessary procedures. | Supisara Tintara Ishani Shah William Yakah Awais Ahmed Cristina S Sorrento Cinthana Kandasamy Steven D Freedman Darshan J Kothari Sunil G Sheth | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，16： | 3 |
| 3 | A study of the correlation between dengue and weather in Kandy City, Sri Lanka (2003 -2012) and lessons learned显示文摘Background:Weather variables affect dengue transmission.This study aimed to identify a dengue weather correlation pattern in Kandy,Sri Lanka,compare the results with results of similar studies,and establish ways for better control and prevention of dengue.Method:We collected data on reported dengue cases in Kandy and mid-year population data from 2003 to 2012,and calculated weekly incidences.We obtained daily weather data from two weather stations and converted it into weekly data.We studied correlation patterns between dengue incidence and weather variables using the wavelet time series analysis,and then calculated cross-correlation coefficients to find magnitudes of correlations.Results:We found a positive correlation between dengue incidence and rainfall in millimeters,the number of rainy and wet days,the minimum temperature,and the night and daytime,as well as average,humidity,mostly with a five-to seven-week lag.Additionally,we found correlations between dengue incidence and maximum and average temperatures,hours of sunshine,and wind,with longer lag periods.Dengue incidences showed a negative correlation with wind run.Conclusion:Our results showed that rainfall,temperature,humidity,hours of sunshine,and wind are correlated with local dengue incidence.We have suggested ways to improve dengue management routines and to control it in these times of global warming.We also noticed that the results of dengue weather correlation studies can vary depending on the data analysis. | N D B Ehelepola Kusalika Ariyaratne W M N P Buddhadasa Sunil Ratnayake Malani Wickramasinghe | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 2 |
| 4 | Nonalcoholic steatohapatitis显示文摘 | Sunil G Fredric D Chopra S | 1997 | Ann Intern Med1997，126，： | 1 |
| 5 | Extracellular polymeric substances and structural stability of aerobic granule 显示文摘 | Sunil A Lee D Tay J | | Water Res0，42，67： | 1 |
| 6 | Macrophages and tissue injury:agents of defense or destruction显示文摘 | Laskin D L Sunil V R Gardner C R | 2011 | Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol2011，51，： | 1 |
| 7 | United States' International Retirement Migratian:The Reasons for Retiring to the Environs of Lake Chapala, Mexico 显示文摘 | Sunil T S Rojas V Bradley D E | 2007 | Ageing and Society2007，27，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Decolorization of textile azo dyes by aerobic bacterial consortium显示文摘 | Bella D T Dinesh G Sunil K | 2009 | International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation2009，，63： | 1 |
| 9 | Factors of occupational injury: a survey in a chemical company 显示文摘 | Asim Saha Sunil Kumar Vasudevan D M | 2008 | Industrial Health2008，46，： | 1 |
| 10 | Testing analog and mixed-signal circuits with built-in hardware-a new approach显示文摘 | Sunil R D Jila Z Satyendra B | 2007 | IEEE Transaction on Instrumentation and Measurement2007，56，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Cationic transfer- somes based topical genetic vaccine against hepatitis B 显示文摘 | SUNIL M AMIT R PRAVEEN K D | 2007 | lnt J Pharm2007，340，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Connective tissue growth factor: Potential role in glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitial fibrosis显示文摘 | Sunil Gupta Michael R Clarkson J D | 2000 | Kid Int2000，58，： | 1 |
| 13 | The adhesion molecule P-selectin and cardiovascular disease显示文摘 | Andrew D Sunil K Gregory Y | 2003 | Eur Heart J2003，24，24： | 1 |
| 14 | Effect of Surface Treatment on the Impact Behaviour of Fly ash Filled Polymer Composites显示文摘 | Kishore Kulkarni S M Sunil D Sharathchandra S | 2002 | Polyrn Int2002，51，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Microwave sintering of nanocrystalline WC-12Co: Challenges and perspectives 显示文摘 | RATNA SUNIL B SIVAPRAHASAM D SUBASRI R | 2010 | International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials2010，28，18： | 1 |
| 16 | Evaluating novel mi-crobe amended composts as biocontrol agents in tomato 显示文摘 | Ajinath S D Radha P Sunil C D | 2011 | Crop Protection2011，30，4： | 1 |
| 17 | The activated clotting time can be used to monitor the low molecular weight hepafin dalteparin after intravenous administration显示文摘 | Jonathan D Marmur MD Sunil X | 2003 | J Am Coll Cardiol2003，41，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Extraction of extracellular polymeric substances from aerobic granule with compact interior structure 显示文摘 | SUNIL S LEE D J | 2008 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2008，154，： | 1 |
| 19 | Microwave sintering of nanocrystalline WC-12Co: Challenges and perspectives 显示文摘 | SUNIL B R SIVAPRAHASAM D SUBASRI R | 2010 | International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials2010，28，： | 1 |
| 20 | Impact assessment of soils treat- ed with refinery effluent显示文摘 | Rajesh D Sunil C Lalita R | 2009 | European Journal of Soil Biology2009，45，56： | 1 |
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