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| 1 | Constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A review of current and emerging drug therapies显示文摘Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a highly prevalent medical condition that adversely affects patient quality of life and constitutes a significant economic burden on healthcare resources. A large proportion of patients suffer from the constipation subtype of IBS(IBS-C), most commonly afflicting older individuals and those with a lower socioeconomic status. Conventional pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment options have limited efficacies and/or significant adverse events, which lead to increased long-term health care expenditures. Failure to effectively treat IBS-C patients over the past decades has largely been due to a poor understanding of disease pathophysiology, lack of a global view of the patient, and an inappropriate selection of patients and treatment endpoints in clinical trials. In recent years, however, more effective and safer drugs have been developed for the treatment of IBS-C. The advancement in the area of pharmacologic treatment is based on new knowledge of the pathophysiologic basis of IBS-C and the development of drugs with increased selectivity within pharmacologic classes with recognized efficacies. This narrative review covers the spectrum of available drugs and their mechanisms of action, as well as the efficacy and safety profiles of each as determined in relevant clinical trials that have investigated treatment options for IBS-C and chronic constipation. A brief summary of laxative-based treatment options is presented, followed by up-to-date assessments for three classes of drugs: prokinetics, prosecretory agents, and bile acid modulators. | Khaled A Jadallah Susan M Kullab David S Sanders | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 9 |
| 2 | 伦理学与SARS:多伦多的教训显示文摘SARS的流行说明传染病在世界范围内流行是件多么容易的事,为了更好地应对下一次流行病,我们不仅要解决医学方面的问题,也同样需要解决伦理学方面的问题。 | Peter A Singer Solomon R Benatar Mark Bernstein Abdallah S Daar Bernard M Dickens Susan K MacRae Ross E G Upshur Linda Wright Randi Zlotnik Shaul 肖月 | 2004 | 英国医学杂志中文版2004，7，4： | 3 |
| 3 | The role of serotonin receptor alleles and environmental stressors in the development of post‐concussive symptoms after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury显示文摘 | Kim Smyth Sandeep S Sandhu Susan Crawford Deborah Dewey Jillian Parboosingh Karen M Barlow | 2014 | Dev Med Child Neurol2014，，1： | 2 |
| 4 | A Resonant Accel- erometer with Two-Stage Micro-Leverage Mechanisms Fabricated by SOI-MEMS Technology 显示文摘 | Susan X P Su Henry S Yang Alice M Agogino | 2005 | IEEE Sensors Journal2005，5，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Valuing the recreational benefits from the creation of nature reserves in irish forests 显示文摘 | RICCARDO S SUSAN M C HUTCHINSON W G | 2000 | Ecological Economics2000，33，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Influenza A virus-induced apoptosis is a multifactorial process:Exploiting reverse genetics to elucidate the role of influenza A virus proteins in virus-induced apoptosis显示文摘 | Susan J M Katherine N Harry S | 2005 | Virology2005，335，： | 1 |
| 7 | Programming of appetite and type 2diabetes显示文摘 | Malgorzata S M Susan E O | 2005 | Early Human Development2005，81，12： | 1 |
| 8 | What makes a helpful online review? A study of customer reviews on amazon, com 显示文摘 | SUSAN M MUDAMBI D S | 2010 | MIS Quarterly2010，34，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Estradiol downregulates miR-21 expression and increases miR-21 target gene expression in MCF-7 breast cancer cells显示文摘 | Nalinie S W Tissa T M Susan M D | 2009 | Nucleic Acids Res2009，37，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Photodamaging effects ofporphyrins and chitosan on primary human keratinocytes and car-cinoma cell cultures显示文摘 | Susan M Baldea I Senila S et a1 | 2011 | Int J Dermatol2011，50，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The greater omentum 显示文摘 | Susan W S Robert E M Paul M S | 1997 | AJR1997，168，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Thirteen week feeding study withtransgenic maize grain containing event DAS-157-1 in Sprague-Dawley rats显示文摘 | Susan A M Ian L Jean S | 2007 | Food and Chemical Toxicology2007，45，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Latent autoimmuen diabetes of adulthood(LADA):An often misdiagnosed type of diabetes mellitus显示文摘 | Susan J Theresa M Richard S | 2009 | Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners2009，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | A new approach to low-level image processing 显示文摘 | Smith S M Brady I M Susan | 1997 | International Journal of Computer Vision1997，23，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Value Relevance ofNonfinancial Information: The Case of Patent Data显示文摘 | Hirschey M J R Vernon S Susan | 2011 | Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting2011，，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Detection of growth factors and proto-oncogene mRNA in the growing tip of red deer (Cervus elaphus) antler using reverse-tran- scriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) 显示文摘 | Susan M F James M S | 1998 | Zoology1998，281，： | 1 |
| 17 | Novel actions of cardiac ankyrin repeat protein显示文摘 | SUSAN E S YUBIN S JEFFREY M | 2007 | Intern Congress Series2007，1302，： | 1 |
| 18 | Evaluating alterations of genetic diversity in sunfish populations exposed to contaminants using RAPD assay显示文摘 | Lee K L Adams S M | 1998 | Aquatic Toxicology1998，43，： | 1 |
| 19 | Identification and characterization of nine polymorphic microsatellite loci in the North American pika,Ochotona princes显示文摘 | Veronica S Kirchoff and Susan J Merideth | 2002 | Molecukar Ecology Notes2002，11，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Metabolism and disposition of bisphenol A in female rats显示文摘 | RODNEY W S SUSAN C M KEVIN W G | 2000 | Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2000，168，3： | 1 |
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