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| 1 | The willow genome and divergent evolution from poplar after the common genome duplication显示文摘 | Xiaogang Dai Quanjun Hu Qingle Cai Kai Feng Ning Ye Gerald A Tuskan Richard Milne Yingnan Chen Zhibing Wan Zefu Wang Wenchun Luo Kun Wang Dongshi Wan Mingxiu Wang Jun Wang Jianquan Liu Tongming Yin | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，10： | 28 |
| 2 | Map and analysis of microsatellites in the genome of Populus: The first sequenced perennial plant显示文摘Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA We mapped and analyzed the microsatellites throughout 284295605 base pairs of the unambiguously assembled sequence scaffolds along 19 chromosomes of the haploid poplar genome. Totally, we found 150985 SSRs with repeat unit lengths between 2 and 5 bp. The established microsatellite physical map demonstrated tr at SSRs were distributed relatively evenly across the genome of Populus. On average, These SSRs occurred every 1883 bp within the poplar genome and the SSR densities in intergenic regions, introns, exons and UTRs were 85.4%, 10.7%, 2.7% and 1.2%, respectively. We took di-, tri-, tetra-and pentamers as the four classes of repeat units and found that the density of each class of SSRs decreased with the repeat unit lengths except for the tetranucleotide repeats. It was noteworthy that the length diversification of microsatellite sequences was negatively correlated with their repeat unit length and the SSRs with shorter repeat units gained repeats faster than the SSRs with longer repeat units. We also found that the GC content of poplar sequence significantly correlated with densities of SSRs with uneven repeat unit lengths (tri-and penta-), but had no significant correlation with densities of SSRs with even repeat unit lengths (di-and tetra-). In poplar genome, there were evidences that the occurrence of different microsatellites was under selection and the GC content in SSR sequences was found to significantly relate to the functional importance of microsatellites. | LI ShuXian & YIN TongMing College of Environment and Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, USA | 2007 | Science China(Life Sciences)2007，50，5： | 25 |
| 3 | Pollen-inferred vegetation and environmental changes since 16.7 ka BP at Balikun Lake, Xinjiang显示文摘A high-resolution fossil pollen record from the sedimentary cores of Balikun Lake, northwestern China, combined with modern surface pollen data, is used to reconstruct the history of vegetation and climatic change since 16.7 cal. ka BP. Fossil pollen assem-blages and lithology indicate that the study area was dominated by desert. The desert had extremely arid climate and lower effec-tive moisture during 16.7–7.9 cal. ka BP, especially from 16.7 to 8.9 cal. ka BP when the lake maybe dried up. During 8.9–7.9 cal. ka BP, the environment gradually recovered in this area. It was then followed by the optimum period from 7.9 to 4.3 cal. Ka BP, when the effective moisture obviously increased. It was characterized by the typical desert-steppe/steppe vegetation and was ac-companied with several patch-birch woodlands around the lake. After that, a short but extremely arid climatic event occurred during 4.3–3.8 cal. ka BP, and the vegetation quickly changed from desert-steppe/steppe to desert. It was a relatively optimum period from 3.8 to 0.53 cal. ka BP showing typical desert-steppe/meadow-steppe landscape. Since 0.53 cal. ka BP, the climate has shown signs of deteriorating again. Furthermore, regional comparison shows that the characteristics of climatic and environmental evolution in this area were clearly different from East Asia monsoonal area during the last 16.7 cal. ka BP. It was characterized by the arid climate during the late-glacial and early Holocene, and relatively wet during the mid-late Holocene. | TAO ShiChen AN ChenBang CHEN FaHu TANG LingYu WANG ZongLi LU YanBin LI ZhiFei ZHENG TongMing ZHAO JiaJu | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，22： | 20 |
| 4 | The chromosome-scale assembly of the willow genome provides insight into Salicaceae genome evolution显示文摘Salix suchowensis is an early-flowering shrub willow that provides a desirable system for studies on the basic biology of woody plants.The current reference genome of S.suchowensis was assembled with 454 sequencing reads.Here,we report a chromosome-scale assembly of S.suchowensis generated by combining PacBio sequencing with Hi-C technologies.The obtained genome assemblies covered a total length of 356 Mb.The contig N50 of these assemblies was 263,908 bp,which was~65-fold higher than that reported previously.The contiguity and completeness of the genome were significantly improved.By applying Hi-C data,339.67 Mb(95.29%)of the assembled sequences were allocated to the 19 chromosomes of haploid willow.With the chromosome-scale assembly,we revealed a series of major chromosomal fissions and fusions that explain the genome divergence between the sister genera of Salix and Populus.The more complete and accurate willow reference genome obtained in this study provides a fundamental resource for studying many genetic and genomic characteristics of woody plants. | Suyun Wei Yonghua Yang Tongming Yin | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 9 |
| 5 | Current status of cell-mediated regenerative therapies for human spinal cord injury显示文摘During the past decade, significant advances have been made in refinements for regenerative therapies following human spinal cord injury(SCI).Positive results have been achieved with different types of cells in various clinical studies of SCI.In this review, we summarize recently-completed clinical trials using cellmediated regenerative therapies for human SCI, together with ongoing trials using neural stem cells.Specifically, clinical studies published in Chinese journals are included.These studies show that current transplantation therapies are relatively safe, and have provided varying degrees of neurological recovery.However, many obstacles exist, hindering the introduction of a specifi c clinical therapy, including complications and their causes, selection of the target population, and optimization of transplantation material.Despite these and other challenges, with the collaboration of research groups and strong support from various organizations, cell-mediated regenerative therapies will open new perspectives for SCI treatment. | Tongming Zhu Qisheng Tang Huasong Gao Yiwen Shen Luping Chen Jianhong Zhu | 2014 | Neuroscience Bulletin2014，30，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Identification of unconditional and conditional QTL for oil, protein and starch content in maize显示文摘Oil, protein and starch are key chemical components of maize kernels. A population of 245 recombinant inbred lines(RILs) derived from a cross between a high-oil inbred line, By804, and a regular inbred line, B73, was used to dissect the genetic interrelationships among oil, starch and protein content at the individual QTL level by unconditional and conditional QTL mapping. Combined phenotypic data over two years with a genetic linkage map constructed using 236 markers, nine, five and eight unconditional QTL were detected for oil, protein and starch content, respectively. Some QTL for oil, protein and starch content were clustered in the same genomic regions and the direction of their effects was consistent with the sign of their correlation. In conditional QTL mapping, 37(29/8) unconditional QTL were not detected or showed reduced effects, four QTL demonstrated similar effects under unconditional and conditional QTL mapping, and 17 additional QTL were identified by conditional QTL mapping. These results imply that there is a strong genetic relationship among oil, protein and starch content in maize kernels. The information generated in the present investigation could be helpful in marker-assisted breeding for maize varieties with desirable kernel quality traits. | Yuqiu Guo Xiaohong Yang Subhash Chander Jianbing Yan Jun Zhang Tongming Song Jiansheng Li | 2013 | The Crop Journal2013，1，1： | 7 |
| 7 | STUDY ON PHASE PERCEPTION IN SPEECH显示文摘The perceptual effect of the phase information in speech has been studied by auditorysubjective tests. On the condition that the phase spectrum in speech is changed while amplitudespectrum is unchanged, the tests show that: (1) If the envelop of the reconstructed speech signalis unchanged, there is indistinctive auditory perception between the original speech and thereconstructed speech; (2) The auditory perception effect of the reconstructed speech mainly lieson the amplitude of the derivative of the additive phase; (3) td is the maximum relative time shiftbetween different frequency components of the reconstructed speech signal. The speech qualityis excellent while td <10ms; good while 10ms< td <20ms; common while 20ms< td <35ms, andpoor while td >35ms. | TongMing BianZhengzhong LiXiaohui DaiQijun ChenYanpu | 2003 | Journal of Electronics(China)2003，20，5： | 6 |
| 8 | Bi-, Y-Codoped TiO2 for Carbon Dioxide Photocatalytic Reduction to Formic Acid under Visible Light Irradiation显示文摘 | Pengju Du Tongming Su Xuan Luo Xiantai Zhou Zuzeng Qin Hongbing Ji Jianhua Chen | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2018，36，6： | 5 |
| 9 | Organellar genome assembly methods and comparative analysis of horticultural plants显示文摘Although organellar genomes(including chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes)are smaller than nuclear genomes in size and gene number,organellar genomes are very important for the investigation of plant evolution and molecular ecology mechanisms.Few studies have focused on the organellar genomes of horticultural plants.Approximately 1193 chloroplast genomes and 199 mitochondrial genomes of land plants are available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information(NCBI),of which only 39 are from horticultural plants.In this paper,we report an innovative and efficient method for high-quality horticultural organellar genome assembly from next-generation sequencing(NGS)data.Sequencing reads were first assembled by Newbler,Amos,and Minimus software with default parameters.The remaining gaps were then filled through BLASTN search and PCR.The complete DNA sequence was corrected based on Illumina sequencing data using BWA(Burrows–Wheeler Alignment tool)software.The advantage of this approach is that there is no need to isolate organellar DNA from total DNA during sample preparation.Using this procedure,the complete mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes of an ornamental plant,Salix suchowensis,and a fruit tree,Ziziphus jujuba,were identified.This study shows that horticultural plants have similar mitochondrial and chloroplast sequence organization to other seed plants.Most horticultural plants demonstrate a slight bias toward A+T rich features in the mitochondrial genome.In addition,a phylogenetic analysis of 39 horticultural plants based on 15 protein-coding genes showed that some mitochondrial genes are horizontally transferred from chloroplast DNA.Our study will provide an important reference for organellar genome assembly in other horticultural plants.Furthermore,phylogenetic analysis of the organellar genomes of horticultural plants could accurately clarify the unanticipated relationships among these plants. | Xuelin Wang Feng Cheng Dekai Rohlsen Changwei Bi Chunyan Wang Yiqing Xu Suyun Wei Qiaolin Ye Tongming Yin Ning Ye | 2018 | Horticulture Research2018，5，1： | 4 |
| 10 | Morphological and physiological analysis of narrow and striped leaf 1(nsl1) mutant of rice(Oryza sativa L.) and the gene mapping显示文摘The shape and color of rice leaves are important agronomic traits that directly influence the proportion of sunlight energy utilization and ultimately affect the yield and quality.A new mutant exhibiting stable inheritance was identified as derived from ethyl methane sulfonate(EMS)-treated restorer Jinhui 10,tentatively named as narrow and striped leaf 1(nsl1).The nsl1 displayed pale white leaves at the seeding stage and then white striped leaves in parallel to the main vein at the jointing stage.Meanwhile,its leaf blades are significantly narrower than the control group of Jinhui 10.The chloroplast structures of cells in the white striped area of the nsl1 mutant break down,and the photosynthetic pigments are significantly lower than that of the wild type.Moreover,fluorescence parameters,such as F0,F v/F m,U psII,qp,and ETR,in the nsl1 mutant are significantly lower than those of the wild type,and the photosynthetic efficiency is also significantly decreased.These changes in leaf color and shape,together with physiological changes in the nsl1,result in smaller plant height and a decrease in the most important agronomic traits,such as the number of grains per panicle,grain weight,etc.Genetic analysis shows that the narrow and striped traits of the nsl1 mutant are controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene,which is located between InDel 16and InDel 12 in chromosome 3.The physical distance is204 kb.So far,no similar genes of such leaf color and shape in this area have been reported.This study has laid a solid foundation for the gene cloning and function analysis of NSL1. | Fangming Zhao Yong Zhang Yanru Wu Tongming Wang Ling Ma Zhenglin Yang Xia Wei Xianchun Sang Yinghua Ling Nan Wang Changwei Zhang Guanghua He | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，9： | 3 |
| 11 | Fine mapping of the sex locus in Salix triandra confirms a consistent sex determination mechanism in genus Salix显示文摘Salix triandra belongs to section Amygdalinae in genus Salix,which is in a different section from the willow species in which sex determination has been well studied.Studying sex determination in distantly related willow species will help to clarify whether the sexes of different willows arise through a common sex determination system.For this purpose,we generated an intraspecific full-sib F1 population for S.triandra and constructed high-density genetic linkage maps for the crossing parents using restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and following a two-way pseudo-testcross strategy.With the established maps,the sex locus was positioned in linkage group XV only in the maternal map,and no sex linkage was detected in the paternal map.Consistent with previous findings in other willow species,our study showed that chromosome XV was the incipient sex chromosome and that females were the heterogametic sex in S.triandra.Therefore,sex in this willow species is also determined through a ZW sex determination system.We further performed fine mapping in the vicinity of the sex locus with SSR markers.By comparing the physical and genetic distances for the target interval encompassing the sex determination gene confined by SSRs,severe recombination repression was revealed in the sex determination region in the female map.The recombination rate in the confined interval encompassing the sex locus was approximately eight-fold lower than the genome-wide average.This study provides critical information relevant to sex determination in S.triandra. | Wei Li Huaitong Wu Xiaoping Li Yingnan Chen Tongming Yin | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 3 |
| 12 | Genome-wide identification and characterization of WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX) genes in Salix suchowensis显示文摘Members of the WUSCHEL-related homeobox(WOX)transcription factor family are essential for determining cell fate and regulating diverse developmental processes in plants.Many WOX genes have been systematically investigated in woody plants such as Populus trichocarpa,but not in Salix suchowensis.Whole-genome sequence data for S.suchowensis is now available for comprehensive study of WOX genes in S.suchowensis.We thus surveyed the genome of S.suchowensis and demonstrated active expression of 15 WOX genes.In a phylogenetic analysis of WOX genes,the 15 SsWOX genes clustered among the modern/WUS,intermediate and ancient clades similar to the WOX genes of Arabidopsis thaliana.Based on the conserved intron/exon structure,SsWOX genes in the same subgroup had similar conserved exon–intron structures and motif domains.Furthermore,among several SsWOX subgroups,WUS(Wuschel)-box and EAR(the ERF-associated amphiphilic repression)-like motifs were conserved.Expression profiles of WOX genes in roots,stems and leaves indicate that SsWOX genes have various conserved roles in the tissues.Comparative analysis of the expression patterns in Salix suchowensis with that of Arabidopsis suggests that different shoot regeneration abilities are controlled by different WOX genes in plants.The analysis provide an overview of differentially expressed SsWOX genes during shoot regeneration,but also contribute to understanding the evolution of WOX genes in Salicaceae and the interrelations of WOX genes and other transcription factors,providing targets for further study. | Xuelin Wang Changwei Bi Chunyan Wang Qiaolin Ye Tongming Yin Ning Ye | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，5： | 3 |
| 13 | Mechanically activated starch magnetic microspheres for Cd(Ⅱ)adsorption from aqueous solution显示文摘Magnetic starch microspheres(AAM-MSM)were synthesized via an inverse emulsion graft copolymerization by using mechanically activated cassava starch(MS)as a crude material,acrylic acid(AA)and acrylamide(AM)as graft copolymer monomers,and methyl methacrylate(MMA)as the dispersing agent and used as an adsorbent for the removal of Cd(Ⅱ)ions from aqueous solution.Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),and vibrating sample magnetometry(VSM)were used to characterize the AAM-MSM adsorbent.The results indicated that AA,AM,and MMA were grafted to the MS,and the Fe_(3)O_(4) nanoparticles were encapsulated in the AAM-MSM adsorbent microspheres.The adsorbent exhibited a smooth surface,uniform size,and good sphericity because of the addition of the MMA and provided more adsorption sites for the Cd(Ⅱ)ions.The maximum adsorption capacity of Cd(Ⅱ)on the AAM-MSM was 39.98 mg·g^(-1).The adsorbents were superparamagnetic,and the saturation magnetization was 16.7 A·m^(2)·kg^(-1).Additionally,the adsorption isotherms and kinetics of the adsorption process were further investigated.The process of Cd(Ⅱ)ions adsorbed onto the AAM-MSM could be described more favorably by the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isothermal adsorption models,which suggested that the chemical reaction process dominated the adsorption process for the Cd(Ⅱ)and chemisorption was the rate-controlling step during the Cd(Ⅱ)removal process. | Xinling Xie Xiaona Zhao Xuan Luo Tongming Su Youquan Zhang Zuzeng Qin Hongbing Ji | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，5： | 3 |
| 14 | Deep Learning Predicts Stress–Strain Relations of Granular Materials Based on Triaxial Testing Data显示文摘This study presents an AI-based constitutive modelling framework wherein the prediction model directly learns from triaxial testing data by combining discrete element modelling(DEM)and deep learning.A constitutive learning strategy is proposed based on the generally accepted frame-indifference assumption in constructing material constitutive models.The low-dimensional principal stress-strain sequence pairs,measured from discrete element modelling of triaxial testing,are used to train recurrent neural networks,and then the predicted principal stress sequence is augmented to other high-dimensional or general stress tensor via coordinate transformation.Through detailed hyperparameter investigations,it is found that long short-term memory(LSTM)and gated recurrent unit(GRU)networks have similar prediction performance in constitutive modelling problems,and both satisfactorily predict the stress responses of granular materials subjected to a given unseen strain path.Furthermore,the unique merits and ongoing challenges of data-driven constitutive models for granular materials are discussed. | Tongming Qu Shaocheng Di Y.T.Feng Min Wang Tingting Zhao Mengqi Wang | 2021 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2021，，7： | 2 |
| 15 | Geological Evidence for the Presence of the Emperor Event in China显示文摘The presence of the reversals of the geomagnetic field within the Brunhes is indicated by paleomagnetic stuides on Cenozoic volcanic rocks in the Leizhou Peninsula, loess strata and Quaternary marine sediments in the Pearl River Mouth basin in China. These regional reversals occured at 0.58±0.13 Ma, 0.45 Ma and 0.47—0.48 Ma respectively according to the results of K-Ar isotopic dating and climatostratigraphic and biostratigraphic analyses. The reversals equivalent to the Emperor Event is suggested.The reversals revealed in different regions with various lithologic characters in China prove that the Emperor Event is a global reversal event rather than a geomagnetic excursion, and its confirmation will permit a precise definition of the Middle/Late Pleistocene boundary. | Ge Tongming, Fan Limin and Liu Jian Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China, Guangzhou | 1993 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1993，67，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Undrained vane shear strength of sand-foam mixtures subjected to different shear rates显示文摘The shear strength of sand-foam mixtures plays a crucial role in ensuring successful earth pressure balance(EPB)shield tunneling.Since the sand-foam mixtures are constantly sheared by the cutterhead and the screw conveyor with varied rotation speeds during tunneling,it is non-trivial to investigate the effect of shear rates on the undrained shear strength of sand-foam mixtures under chamber pressures to extend the understanding on the tunneling process.This study conducted a series of pressurized vane shear tests to investigate the role of shear rates on the peak and residual strengths of sand-foam mixtures at different pore states.Different from the shear-rate characteristics of natural sands or clay,the results showed that the peak strength of sand-foam mixtures under high vertical total stress(σ_(v)≥200 kPa)and low foam injection ratio(FIR30%)decreased with the increase in shear rate.Otherwise,the peak strength was not measurably affected by shear rates.The sand-foam mixtures in the residual state resembled low-viscous fluid with yield stress and the residual strength increased slightly with shear rates.In addition,the peak and residual strengths were approximately linear with vertical effective stress regardless of the total stress and FIR.The peak effective internal friction angle remained almost invariant in a low shear rate(γ′<0.25 s1)but decreased when the shear rate continued increasing.The residual effective internal friction angle was lower than the peak counterpart and insensitive to shear rates.This study unveiled the role of shear rates in the undrained shear strength of sand-foam mixtures with various FIRs and vertical total stresses.The findings can extend the understanding of the rate-dependent shear characteristics of conditioned soils and guide the decision-making of soil conditioning schemes in the EPB shield tunneling practice. | Jiazheng Zhong Shuying Wang Tongming Qu | 2023 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2023，15，6： | 2 |
| 17 | A humidity resistant and high performance triboelectric nanogenerator enabled by vortex-induced vibration for scavenging wind energy显示文摘Wind energy is a promising renewable energy source for a low-carbon society.This study is to develop a fully packaged vortexinduced vibration triboelectric nanogenerator(VIV-TENG)for scavenging wind energy.The VIV-TENG consists of a wind vane,internal power generation unit,an external frame,four springs,a square cylinder and a circular turntable.The internal power generation unit consists of polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE)balls,a honeycomb frame and two copper electrodes.Different from most of the previous wind energy harvesting TENGs,the bouncing PTFE balls are fully packaged in the square cylinder.The distinct design separates the process of contact electrification from the external environment,and at the same time avoids the frictional wear of the ordinary wind energy harvesting TENGs.The corresponding VIV parameters are investigated to evaluate their influence on the vibration behaviors and the energy output.Resonant state of the VIV-TENG corresponds to the high output performance from the VIV-TENG.The distinct,robust structure ensures the full-packaged VIV-TENG can harvest wind energy from arbitrary directions and even in undesirable weather conditions.The study proposes a novel TENG configuration for harvesting wind energy and the VIV-TENG proves promising powering micro-electro-mechanical appliances. | Yan Wang Tianyu Chen Shuowen Sun Xiangyu Liu Zhiyuan Hu Zhenhui Lian Long Liu Qiongfeng Shi Hao Wang Jianchun Mi Tongming Zhou Chengkuo Lee Minyi Xu | 2022 | Nano Research2022，15，4： | 2 |
| 18 | Microsatellite Analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags and Development of EST-SSR Markers for Melampsora spp.显示文摘In this study,64 498 ESTs of Melampsoraspp.was assembled into 1 998 contigs,and 604SSR loci were detected on these contigs,with 736.6 bp containing one SSR on average.Among these SSRs,trinucleotide repeats were the most abundant repeats(44.70%).As for the composition of microsatellites, AC and AT repeats were the richest motif in dinucleotide repeats,and AGT and AAG repeats were the most frequent motifs in trinucleotide repeats,whereas(AAAN) n and(AAAAN) n repeats were dominant in tetranucleotide and pentanucleotide repeats,respectively.All the dominant repeat motifs of different types of SSRs were rich in A and T.In EST sequences of Melampsoraspp.genome,microsatellites longer than 20 bp accounted for about 15.07%.It was noticeable that microsatellites were highly rich in the expressed sequences of Melampsoraspp.genome,which implied that SSRs played a significant role in triggering the gene mutation in Melampsoraspp.genome.A total of 455 SSR primers were designed according to the detected microsatellites using Primer 5.0 and Oligo 6. 0,and 30 primer pairs were randomly selected for amplification test.Among these primer pairs,27 primer pairs succeed in amplification,with a successful rate of 90%.Eight primer pairs generated polymorphic fingerprints in Melampsoraspp.collected from different poplar genotypes,accounting for 26.7% of the total primer pairs.The EST-SSR markers developed fromMelampsoraspp.EST sequences provided important marker resources for studying Melampsoraspp.from the aspects of pathogen identification and survey of genetic variation. | Wan Zhibing Liu Min Yang Wanxu Zhang Xinye Yin Tongming | 2013 | Plant Diseases and Pests2013，4，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Molecular linkage maps of the populus genome显示文摘 | Yin Tongming Zhang Xinye Huang Minren | 2002 | Genome2002，45，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Uneven selection pressure accelerating divergence of Populus and Salix显示文摘Populus(poplars)and Salix(willows)are sister genera in the Salicaceae family that arise from a common tetraploid ancestor.The karyotypes of these two lineages are distinguished by two major interchromosomal and some minor intrachromosomal rearrangements,but which one is evolutionarily more primitive remains debatable.In this study,we compare the selection pressure acting on the paralogous genes resulting from salicoid duplication(PGRS)within and between the genomes of the two lineages.Purifying selection was determined to act more strongly on the PGRS in willow than on those in poplar,which would cause a faster loss of paralogous duplicates in willow.Therefore,Salix species are supposed to evolve faster than Populus species,which is consistent with the observation that the former are taxonomically and morphologically more diverse than the latter.In these two lineages,different autosomes were found to have been evolving into sex chromosomes.Examining theωratio and the PGRS in the sex determination regions in willow and poplar revealed higher convergent selection pressure and a faster loss of PGRS in the sex determination regions of both lineages.At the chromosome level,the sex chromosome in poplar is characterized by the lowest gene density among all chromosome members,while this feature is not observed on the sex chromosome in willow,suggesting that Populus species may inherit the more incipient sex chromosome from their progenitor.Taken together,Salix is supposed to be the nascent lineage arising from the additional round of genome reorganization that distinguishes the karyotypes of the two sister genera.In this study,assessment ofωratios also detected a list of paralogous genes under unusual selection pressure,which could have special consequences for the adaptive evolution of Salicaceae species.In conclusion,the results of this study provide unique information for better understanding the genetic mechanism accelerating the divergence of these two closely related lineages. | Jing Hou Suyun Wei Huixin Pan Qiang Zhuge Tongming Yin | 2019 | Horticulture Research2019，6，1： | 1 |
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