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| 1 | Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: As a potential prognostic marker and immunotherapeutic target for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Tumor cells induce an immunosuppressive microen-vironment which leads towards tumor immune escape. Understanding the intricacy of immunomodulation by tumor cells is essential for immunotherapy. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO) is an immunosuppressive enzyme which mediates tumor immune escape in various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC). IDO up-regulation in HCC may lead to recruitment of regulatory T-cells into tumor microenvironment and therefore inhibit local immune responses and promote metastasis. HCC associated fibroblasts stimulate natural killer cells dysfunction through prostaglandin E2 and subsequently IDO promotes favorable condition for tumor metastasis. IDO up-regulation induces immuno-suppression and may enhance the risk of hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus induced HCC. Therefore, IDO inhibitors as adjuvant therapeutic agents may have clinical implications in HCC. This review proposes future prospects of IDO not only as a therapeutic target but also as a prognostic marker for HCC. | Kashif Asghar Asim Farooq Bilal Zulfiqar Muhammad Usman Rashid | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，13： | 16 |
| 2 | Energy-efficient Virtual Machine Allocation Technique Using Flower Pollination Algorithm in Cloud Datacenter:A Panacea to Green Computing显示文摘Cloud computing has attracted significant interest due to the increasing service demands from organizations offloading computationally intensive tasks to datacenters.Meanwhile,datacenter infrastructure comprises hardware resources that consume high amount of energy and give out carbon emissions at hazardous levels.In cloud datacenter,Virtual Machines(VMs)need to be allocated on various Physical Machines(PMs)in order to minimize resource wastage and increase energy efficiency.Resource allocation problem is NP-hard.Hence finding an exact solution is complicated especially for large-scale datacenters.In this con text,this paper proposes an Energy-oriented Flower Pollination Algorithm(E-FPA)for VM allocation in cloud datacenter environments.A system framework for the scheme was developed to enable energy-oriented allocation of various VMs on a PM.The allocation uses a strategy called Dynamic Switching Probability(DSP).The framework finds a near optimal solution quickly and balances the exploration of the global search and exploitation of the local search.It considers a processor,storage,and memory constraints of a PM while prioritizing energy-oriented allocation for a set of VMs.Simulations performed on MultiRecCloudSim utilizing planet workload show that the E-FPA outperforms the Genetic Algorithm for Power-Aware(GAPA)by 21.8%,Order of Exchange Migration(OEM)ant colony system by 21.5%,and First Fit Decreasing(FFD)by 24.9%.Therefore,E-FPA significantly improves datacenter performance and thus,enhances environmental sustainability. | Mohammed Joda Usman Abdul Samad Ismail Hassan Chizari Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam Ali Muhammad Usman Abdulsalam Yau Gital Omprakash Kaiwartya Ahmed Aliyu | 2019 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2019，16，2： | 13 |
| 3 | Phytochrome-lnteracting Factors (PIFs) as Bridges between Environmental Signals and the Circadian Clock: Diurnal Regulation of Growth and Development显示文摘The rotation of the Earth around its axis results in distinct changes in light and temperature during a 24-h day/night cycle.Plants being sessile are constantly and predictably exposed to these environmental changes.It is therefore critical for them to properly perceive environmental signals in order to effectively manage growth and development. | Jieun Shin Muhammad Usman Anwer Seth Jon Davis | 2013 | Molecular Plant2013，6，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Structural elucidation of SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins: Computational methods reveal potential drug candidates against main protease, Nsp12 polymerase and Nsp13 helicase显示文摘Recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 caused a major outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and instigated a widespread fear,threatening global health safety.To date,no licensed antiviral drugs or vaccines are available against COVID-19 although several clinical trials are under way to test possible therapies.During this urgent situation,computational drug discovery methods provide an alternative to tiresome high-throughput screening,particularly in the hit-to-lead-optimization stage.Identification of small molecules that specifically target viral replication apparatus has indicated the highest potential towards antiviral drug discovery.In this work,we present potential compounds that specifically target SARS-CoV-2 vital proteins,including the main protease,Nsp12 RNA polymerase and Nsp13 helicase.An integrative virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations approach has facilitated the identification of potential binding modes and favourable molecular interaction profile of corresponding compounds.Moreover,the identification of structurally important binding site residues in conserved motifs located inside the active site highlights relative importance of ligand binding based on residual energy decomposition analysis.Although the current study lacks experimental validation,the structural information obtained from this computational study has paved way for the design of targeted inhibitors to combat COVID-19 outbreak. | Muhammad Usman Mirza Matheus Froeyen | 2020 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2020，10，4： | 7 |
| 5 | 不同炭化温度的稻壳炭对稻壳炭/高密度聚乙烯复合材料的影响显示文摘为了考察不同炭化温度的稻壳炭对稻壳炭/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)复合材料性能的影响,利用马弗炉制备了不同炭化温度(200℃,300℃,400℃,500℃,600℃)的稻壳炭,以该稻壳炭为填料,采用注塑成型的方法制备了稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料,并对其性能进行对比分析。傅里叶变换红外光谱与扫描电镜分析表明,600℃炭化温度的稻壳炭的极性最低,孔结构最完善;熔融结晶分析表明,稻壳炭的加入有利于提高HDPE的相对结晶度;力学性能与动态力学热分析表明,600℃炭化温度的稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料的弯曲强度(45.37 MPa)、刚性及弹性最强,但是不同炭化温度的稻壳炭对稻壳炭/HDPE复合材料的拉伸强度影响不大。 | 张庆法 Muhammad Usman Khan 张东红 雷寒武 林晓娜 蔡红珍 | 2020 | 高分子材料科学与工程2020，36，7： | 6 |
| 6 | Highly selective and stable hydrogenation of heavy aromatic-naphthalene over transition metal phosphides显示文摘The present study reports a highly selective and stable catalytic approach for producing tetralin, an important chemical, solvent, and H2 storage material. Transition metal phosphides(Mo P, Ni2 P, Co2 P, and Fe2P) were prepared by wet impregnation and temperature-programmed reduction and characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX), EDX mapping, scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), brunauer-emmettteller(BET), temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia(NH3-TPD), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of pyridine(pyridine-FTIR). Of all the transition metal phosphides Mo P was formed at a lower reduction temperature, which resulted in smaller particle size that enhanced the overall surface area of the catalyst. The existence of weak, moderate, and Lewis acidic sites over Mo P were responsible for its high tetralin selectivity(90%) and stability during the 100 h reaction on-stream in a fixed-bed reactor. | Muhammad Usman Dan Li Chunshan Li Suojiang Zhang | 2015 | Science China Chemistry2015，58，4： | 5 |
| 7 | Detailed investigation of optimized alkali catalyzed transesterification of Jatropha oil for biodiesel production显示文摘The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future.In the present study,we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters(JOMEs) via alkali-catalyzed transesterification route.The biophysical characteristics of Jatropha oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with ASTM standards as a substitute diesel fuel.The chemical composition and production yield of as-synthesized biodiesel were confirmed by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H NMR,13 C NMR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.A high percentage conversion,~96.09%,of fatty acids into esters was achieved under optimized transesterification conditions with 6 :1 oil to methanol ratio and 0.9 wt% Na OH for 50 min at ~60°C.Moreover,twelve fatty acids methyl esters(FAME) were quantified in the GC/MS analysis and it was interesting to note that the mass fragmentation pattern of saturated,monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAME was comparable with the literature reported values. | Waqas Ahmed Muhammad Faizan Nazar Syed Danish Ali Usman Ali Rana Salah Ud-Din Khan | 2015 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2015，24，3： | 5 |
| 8 | Acupuncture/Electroacupuncture as an Alternative in Current Opioid Crisis显示文摘Opioid drugs are the first line of defense in severe pain but the adverse effects associated with opioids are considered as a serious issue worldwide.Acupuncture/electroacupuncture is a type of Chinese medicine therapy which is an effective analgesic therapy,well documented in animals and human studies.Electroacupuncture stimulation could release endogenous opioid peptides causing analgesia in a variety of pain models.It can be used as an alternative therapy to control the opioid crisis. | Usman Ali Evhy Apryani Muhammad Zaeem Ahsan Rana Muhammad Shoaib Khalil AN Ahmad WANG Yong-xiang | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2020，26，9： | 4 |
| 9 | Simultaneous operation of dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization and methanol reforming reactions over Pd promoted alumina based catalysts显示文摘In the current study simultaneous reactions of hydrodesulfurization(HDS) of dibenzothiophene(DBT) and reforming of methanol in a micro-autoclave reactor were studied over bi-metallic(Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3) and tri-metallic(Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3) catalyst systems which were prepared by incipient impregnation method.In situ hydrogen utilization and low Pd loadings were the major targets of this study.For comparison purpose,catalytic activity was separately determined for both the methanol reforming and HDS of DBT reactions as well.Ni based catalysts were confirmed with better activity than Co ones for both the reactions with Pd promoted ones ranking at the top i.e.Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Ni-Mo/Al2O3 > Pd-Co-Mo/Al2O3 > Co-Mo/Al2O3 where Pd-Ni-Mo/Al2O3 showed 91% DBT conversion at 380 ℃ and 12 h reaction time.Some of the selected organic additives on catalytic activity were tested for their effect toward HDS reaction which was unique with close relation to their chemical nature.Reaction products were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed via HPLC and GC-MS techniques respectively which helped in elucidating reaction mechanism. | Muhammad Yaseen Muhammad Shakimllah Imtiaz Ahmad Ata Ur Rahman Faiz Ur Rahman Muhammad Usman Rauf Razzaq | 2012 | 燃料化学学报2012，40，6： | 3 |
| 10 | Increased incidence of adrenal gland injury in blunt ab- dominal trauma: a computed tomography-based study from Pakistan显示文摘ObjectiveTo 在由计算断层摄影术( CT )与钝腹的损伤介绍的病人决定肾的损害的频率 .MethodsDuring 6 ;从2011年1月1日的月时期到2011年6月30日, 82 紧急情况 CT 考试在主要腹的损伤的背景被执行并且回顾地为 7 个病人全部的肾上腺 injuries.ResultsA 考察了作为有肾上腺损害( 6 男性和 1 女性)被识别。二个病人孤立肾上腺损害。在有 nonisolated 损害的另外的 5 个病人,对肝(1 个案例) 的损害,怒气(1 个案例) , retroperitoneum (2 个案例) 和肠系膜(4 个案例) 被识别。有肝损害( 29 %)的外套 24 案例,有脾的损害(13%)的 11 个案例,有 mesenteric 损害(65%)的 54 个案例,有 retroperitoneal 损害的 14 个盒子(17%)和有肾的损害的 9 个盒子是 identified.ConclusionAdrenal 腺损害从在主要腹的损伤以后经历了 CT 的 82 个病人的一个总数在 7 个病人(11.7%)被识别。大多数这些盒子是 nonisolated 损害。我们的经验比由另外的报告建议显示肾的损害源于损伤是更普通的。在肾的损害的发生的上升能被归因于损害的模式。 | Muhammad Usman Aziz Saleha Shahzad Muhammad Ayiub Mansoor | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2014，17，1： | 3 |
| 11 | Growth of Carbon Nanocoils by Porous α-Fe2O3/SnO2 Catalyst and Its Buckypaper for High Efficient Adsorption显示文摘High-purity(99%)carbon nanocoils(CNCs)have been synthesized by using porousα-Fe2O3/SnO2 catalyst.The yield of CNCs reaches 9,098%after a 6 h growth.This value is much higher than the previously reported data,indicating that this method is promising to synthesize high-purity CNCs on a large scale.It is considered that an appropriate proportion of Fe and Sn,proper particle size distribution,and a loose-porous aggregate structure of the catalyst are the key points to the high-purity growth of CNCs.Benefiting from the high-purity preparation,a CNC Buckypaper was successfully prepared and the electrical,mechanical,and electrochemical properties were investigated comprehensively.Furthermore,as one of the practical applications,the CNC Buckypaper was successfully utilized as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of methylene blue dye from wastewater with an adsorption efficiency of 90.9%.This study provides a facile and economical route for preparing high-purity CNCs,which is suitable for large-quantity production.Furthermore,the fabrication of macroscopic CNC Buckypaper provides promising alternative of adsorbent or other practical applications. | Yongpeng Zhao Jianzhen Wang Hui Huang Tianze Cong Shuaitao Yang Huan Chen Jiaqi Qin Muhammad Usman Zeng Fan Lujun Pan | 2020 | Nano-Micro Letters2020，12，2： | 3 |
| 12 | Enhancing through-plane thermal conductivity of fluoropolymer composite by developing in situ nano-urethane linkage at graphene–graphene interface显示文摘Attributed to the intense development and complexity in electronic devices,energy dissipation is becoming more essential nowadays.The carbonaceous materials particularly graphene(Gr)-based thermal interface materials(TIMs)are exceptional in heat management.However,because of the anisotropic behavior of Gr in composites,the TIMs having outstanding through-plane thermal conductivity(┴TC)are needed to fulfill the upcoming innovation in numerous devices.In order to achieve this,herein,nano-urethane linkage-based modified Gr and carbon fibers architecture termed as nanourethane linkage(NUL)-Gr/carbon fibers(CFs)is fabricated.Wherein,toluene diisocyanate is utilized to develop a novel but simple NUL to shape a new interface between graphene sheets.Interestingly,the prepared composite of NUL-Gr/CFs with polyvinylidene fluoride matrix shows outstanding performance in heat management.Owing to the unique structure of NUL-Gr/CFs,an unprecedented value of┴TC(~7.96 W·m^–1·K^–1)is achieved at a low filler fraction of 13.8 wt.%which translates into an improvement of^3,980%of pristine polymer.The achieved outcomes elucidate the significance of the covalent interaction between graphene sheets as well as strong bonding among graphene and matrix in the composites and manifest the potential of proposed NUL-Gr/CFs architecture for practical applications. | Muhammad Maqbool Haichang Guo Akbar Bashir Ali Usman Adeel YAbid Guansong He Yanjuan Ren Zeeshan Ali Shulin Bai | 2020 | Nano Research2020，13，10： | 3 |
| 13 | Water-induced softening behavior of clay-rich sandstone in Lanzhou Water Supply Project,China显示文摘The strength of clay-rich sandstone decreases significantly when in contact with water due to softening effects.This scenario can pose a severe threat to the stability of water diversion tunnels during construction and operation periods.To address the issues related to water-induced softening in clay-rich sandstone zones in a water diversion tunnel of Lanzhou Water Supply Project,the microscopic and micromechanical variations of rocks due to increasing water content in two different zones i.e.zones A and B,were determined by various testing methods,such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),thin section microscopy,micro-indentation test,sonic velocity test,and slake durability test.The microscopic analysis confirms the presence of montmorillonite mineral which is the dominant problematic geomaterial in engineering application.The integrity and durability of clay-rich sandstone were determined with sonic velocity and slake durability tests to calibrate the results obtained by the micro-indentation test.It shows that the elastic modulus and hardness of clay-rich sandstone decrease with the increase of saturation time,up to 144 h,which is more significant and rapid during early stage of saturation.After 144 h of saturation,the elastic modulus decreases by 89% and 97%,and the hardness decreases by 89% and 99% for zones A and B sandstones,respectively.The results of slake durability and sonic velocity indicate that zone A sandsto ne remains 56.19% durability after 144 h of saturation,while zone B sandstone loses its durability merely after 72 h of saturation.The clay-rich sandstone starts to dissolve in water when the saturation time exceeds 144 h.The significant decreases in strength and durability of clay-rich sandstone due to water-induced softening are serious threats to tunnel stability.The improvements in the strength of surrounding rock mass by grouting and permeability by installation of drainage galleries can reduce the damage caused by water-induced softening. | Muhammad Usman Azhar Hui Zhou Fanjie Yang Adnan Younis Xinjing Lu Houguo Fang Yijun Geng | 2020 | Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering2020，12，3： | 3 |
| 14 | 耳后皮肤扩张行小耳畸形耳再造(英文)显示文摘目的探讨耳后皮肤扩张法施行耳再造的效果.方法通过耳后皮肤埋置扩张器,注水扩张,第二期切取肋软骨制作耳支架,用扩张的皮瓣包裹,持续负压吸引耳廓成型,三期手术时进行耳垂转位,加深外耳道,完成耳廓再造.结果用该方法完成小耳畸形耳廓再55例,随访6个月至2 a,除有5例出现扩张器外露、感染及耳软骨外露效果不佳外,除50例效果满意,再造的耳廓位置、大小、角度、外形与对侧耳廓基本对称.结论耳后皮肤扩张的方法可有效解决耳造皮肤不足的问题. | MUHAMMAD Usman 王继华 YADAV SVKENDRA PARSAD 汤婷 张颖佳 杨蔚琪 | 2017 | 昆明医科大学学报2017，38，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test versus conventional modified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast staining method for diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis显示文摘Objectove:To evaluate the validity of Crypto-Giardia antigen rapid test(CA-RT) in comparison with the conventional mollified Ziehl-Neelsen acid fast(MZN-AF) staining method for the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis.Methods:Fifteen preserved stool samples from previously confirmed infections were used as positive controls and 40 stool samples from healthy people were used as negative control.A total of 85 stool samples were collected from suspected patients with cryptosporidiosis over 6 months during the period from January till June.2011.The stud) was conducted in the department of parasitology,central laboratory.Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah.Saudi Arabia.All samples were subjected to CA-RT and conventional MZN-AF staining method.Validation parameters including sensitivity(SN).specificity(SP),accuracy index (AI).positive predictive value(PPV).and negative predictive value(NPV) were evaluated for both tests.Results:Out of 15[lositive controls,CA-RT detected 13(86.7%) while MZN-AF detected 11(73.3%) positive cases.However.CA-RT detected no positive case in 40 normal controls but MZN-AF detected 2(5%) as positive cases.Based on the results,the SN.SP.AI.PPV and NPV were high in CA-RT than MZN-AF staining method,ie..86.7%vs.73.3%.100%vs.95%.96.4%vs.89.1%. 100%vs.84.6%and 95.2%vs.90.5%.respectively.Out of a total of 85 suspected specimens.CART detected 7(8.2%) but MZN-AF detected 6(7.1%) cases as positive.Conclusions:CA-RT immunoassay is more valid and reliable than MZN-AF staining method. | Dina Abdulla Muhammad Zaglool Amr Mohamed Yousif Abdul Wahid Khodari Mian Usman Farooq | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2013，6，3： | 3 |
| 16 | Modelling of a tubular membrane contactor for pre-combustion CO_2 capture using ionic liquids:Influence of the membrane configuration, absorbent properties and operation parameters显示文摘A membrane contactor using ionic liquids(ILs) as solvent for pre-combustion capture CO_2 at elevated temperature(303-393 K) and pressure(20 bar) has been studied using mathematic model in the present work. A comprehensive two-dimensional(2 D) mass-transfer model was developed based on finite element method. The effects of liquid properties, membrane configurations, as well as operation parameters on the CO_2 removal efficiency were systematically studied. The simulation results show that CO_2 can be effectively removed in this process. In addition, it is found that the liquid phase mass transfer dominated the overall mass transfer. Membranes with high porosity and small thickness could apparently reduce the membrane resistance and thus increase the separation efficiency. On the other hand, the membrane diameter and membrane length have a relatively small influence on separation performance within the operation range. | Zhongde Dai Muhammad Usman Magne Hillestad Liyuan Deng | 2016 | Green Energy & Environment2016，1，3： | 3 |
| 17 | Optical spin-symmetry breaking for high-efficiency directional helicity-multiplexed metaholograms显示文摘Helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces based on symmetric spin–orbit interactions (SOIs) have practical limits because they cannot provide central-symmetric holographic imaging. Asymmetric SOIs can effectively address such limitations, with several exciting applications in various fields ranging from asymmetric data inscription in communications to dual side displays in smart mobile devices. Low-loss dielectric materials provide an excellent platform for realizing such exotic phenomena efficiently. In this paper, we demonstrate an asymmetric SOI-dependent transmission-type metasurface in the visible domain using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) nanoresonators. The proposed design approach is equipped with an additional degree of freedom in designing bi-directional helicity-multiplexed metasurfaces by breaking the conventional limit imposed by the symmetric SOI in half employment of metasurfaces for one circular handedness. Two on-axis, distinct wavefronts are produced with high transmission efficiencies, demonstrating the concept of asymmetric wavefront generation in two antiparallel directions. Additionally, the CMOS compatibility of a-Si:H makes it a cost-effective alternative to gallium nitride (GaN) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) for visible light. The cost-effective fabrication and simplicity of the proposed design technique provide an excellent candidate for high-efficiency, multifunctional, and chip-integrated demonstration of various phenomena. | Muhammad Ashar Naveed Muhammad Afnan Ansari Inki Kim Trevon Badloe Joohoon Kim Dong Kyo Oh Kashif Riaz Tauseef Tauqeer Usman Younis Murtaza Saleem Muhammad Sabieh Anwar Muhammad Zubair Muhammad Qasim Mehmood Junsuk Rho | 2021 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2021，7，2： | 3 |
| 18 | Structural and optical properties of thermally reduced graphene oxide for energy devices显示文摘Natural intercalation of the graphite oxide, obtained as a product of Hummer's method, via ultra-sonication of water dispersed graphite oxide has been carried out to obtain graphene oxide(GO) and thermally reduced graphene oxide(RGO).Here we report the effect of metallic nitrate on the oxidation properties of graphite and then formation of metallic oxide(MO) composites with GO and RGO for the first time. We observed a change in the efficiency of the oxidation process as we replaced the conventionally used sodium nitrate with that of nickel nitrate Ni(NO_3)_2, cadmium nitrate Cd(NO_3)_2,and zinc nitrate Zn(NO_3)_2. The structural properties were investigated by x-ray diffraction and observed the successful formation of composite of MO–GO and MO–RGO(M = Zn, Cd, Ni). We sought to study the effect on the oxidation process through optical characterization via UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy.Moreover, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis(TGA) was carried out to confirm > 90% weight loss in each process thus proving the reliability of the oxidation cycles. We have found that the nature of the oxidation process of graphite powder and its optical and electrochemical characteristics can be tuned by replacing the sodium nitrate(NaNO_3) by other metallic nitrates as Cd(NO_3)_2, Ni(NO_3)_2, and Zn(NO_3)_2. On the basis of obtained results, the synthesized GO and RGO may be expected as a promising material in antibacterial activity and in electrodes fabrication for energy devices such as solar cell, fuel cell,and super capacitors. | Ayesha Jamil Faiza Mustafa Samia Aslam Usman Arshad Muhammad Ashfaq Ahmad | 2017 | Chinese Physics B2017，26，8： | 3 |
| 19 | Applications of synchrophasor technologies in power systems显示文摘Synchrophasors are time-synchronized electrical measurements that represent both the magnitude and phase angle of the electrical sinusoids. Synchrophasors are measured by fast time-stamped devices called phasor measurement units(PMUs) to constitute the basis of realtime monitoring and control actions in the electric grid.Due to its enhanced situational awareness capabilities,many applications of PMUs are presented in the literature in the past decades. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of synchrophasor technology, its architecture,optimal placement techniques and its applications in electric power transmission and distribution systems. These applications include wide-area situational awareness and monitoring, state estimation, fault location and protective relaying, islanding detection etc. This review also covers some of the existing challenges in its implementation and its potential applications. | Muhammad Usama USMAN M. Omar FARUQUE | 2019 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2019，7，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Joint Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) & Walsh-Hadamard Transform: Enhancing the Receiver Performance显示文摘Non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) is a new access method to achieve high performance gains in terms of capacity and throughput, so it is currently under consideration as one of the candidates for fifth generation(5 G) technologies. NOMA utilizes power domain in order to superimpose signals of multiple users in a single transmitted signal. This creates a lot of interference at the receive side. Although the use of successive interference cancellation(SIC) technique reduces the interference, but to further improve the receiver performance, in this paper, we have proposed a joint Walsh-Hadamard transform(WHT) and NOMA approach for achieving better performance gains than the conventional NOMA. WHT is a well-known code used in communication systems and is used as an orthogonal variable spreading factor(OVSF) in communication systems. Application of WHT to NOMA results in low bit error rate(BER) and high throughput performance for both low and high channel gain users. Further, it also reduces peak to average power ratio(PAPR) of the user signal. The results are discussed in terms of comparison between the conventionalNOMA and the proposed technique, which shows that it offers high performance gains in terms of low BER at different SNR levels, reduced PAPR, high user throughput performance and better spectral efficiency. | Muhammad Rehan Usman Arsla Khan Muhammad Arslan Usman Soo young Shin | 2018 | China Communications2018，15，9： | 2 |
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