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| 1 | Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana显示文摘Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in Africa.Amongst others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the world.Following the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of Africa.Recognised risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(H.pylori),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are H.pylori,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol consumption.Of these,H.pylori is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal GCA.Here,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,Mozambique.As there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic individuals.In Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical patterns.Furthermore,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic H.pylori infection.PUD is not uncommon in Africa.Most of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western countries.An additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where H.pylori infection is still high.One possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter preparations.The prevalence of AG and IM,were similar or modestly higher over rates in western countries but lower than those seen in Asia..In our new data,sampling of 136 patients in Accra detected evidence of pre-malignant lesions(AG and/or IM)in 20 individuals(14.7%).Likewise,the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions,in a sample of 109 patients from Maputo,were 8.3%AG and 8.3%IM.While H.pylori is endemic in Africa,the observed prevalence for GCA is rather low.However,cancer data is drawn from country cancer registries that are not comprehensive due to considerable variation in the availability of efficient local cancer reporting systems,diagnostic health facilities and expertise.Validation of cases and their source as well as specificity of outcome definitions are not explicit in most studies further contributing to uncertainty about the precise incidence rates of GCA on the continent.We conclude that evidence is still lacking to support(or not)the African enigma theory due to inconsistencies in the data that indicate a particularly low incidence of GDD in African countries. | Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 3 |
| 2 | Gastroenterology service in a teaching hospital in rural New Zealand, 1991-2003显示文摘AIM: To retrospectively collect inpatient and outpatient data and to assess the use of endoscopic procedures during the years 1991, 1997 and 2003 to analyse for trends. METHODS: This retrospective survey was conducted in a University-associated Gastroenterology Unit offering secondary and tertiary health care services for a population of approximately 182 000 people in Southern New Zealand. Data collected included patient contacts (inand outpatients), gastroscopic and colonoscopic investigations. RESULTS: We observed a significant increase in the absolute numbers of patient contacts over the years (1991: 2308 vs 1997: 2022 vs 2003: 2783, P < 0.0001) with inflammatory bowel disease, other diseases of the colon, anus and rectum and iron studies related disorders decreasing significantly but liver disease and constipation increasing linearly over time. The use of endoscopy services remained relatively stable but colonoscopic investigations for a positive family history of colorectal cancer increased significantly while more gastroscopies were performed for unexplained anaemia. CONCLUSION: The whole spectrum of gastroenterology contacts was studied. A substantial proportion of colonoscopies and outpatient consultations were undertaken to screen for colorectal cancer. This proportion is likely to grow further. Our fi ndings have implications for the recruitment and training of the next generation of gastroenterologists. | Michael Schultz Andrew Davidson Sarah Donald Bogna Targonska Angus Turnbull Susan Weggery Vicki Livingstone John D Dockerty | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，5： | 3 |
| 3 | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial显示文摘 | Friedrich W Mohr Marie-Claude Morice A Pieter Kappetein Ted E Feldman Elisabeth St?hle Antonio Colombo Michael J Mack David R Holmes Marie-angèle Morel Nic Van Dyck Vicki M Houle Keith D Dawkins Patrick W Serruys | 2013 | The Lancet . 2013 (9867)2013，，9867： | 2 |
| 4 | Mental health correlates of perceived discrminiation among lesbian, gay, and bisexual adults in the United States 显示文摘 | Vickie M Mays Susan D Cochran | 2001 | Am J Public Health2001，91，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Star-polymer Synthesis via Radical Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain-Transfer Polymerization 显示文摘 | Martina S R Thomas R D Vicki C | 2001 | Polym Sci Part A: Polyps Chem2001，39，16： | 1 |
| 6 | The development and application of genetic markers for the Kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus 显示文摘 | Stephen S M Vicki W Gerard P D | 1999 | Aquaculture1999，173，： | 1 |
| 7 | The development and application of genetic markers for the Kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicas显示文摘 | Stephen S M Vicki W Gerard P D | 1999 | Aquaculture1999，173，： | 1 |
| 8 | Mental health correlates of perceived discrimination among lesbian,gay,and bisexual adults in the United States显示文摘 | Susan D Coehran | 2001 | American Journal of Public Health2001，91，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Transactional Coherence and Consistency: Simplifying Parallel Hardware and Software显示文摘 | Hammond L Brian D C Vicky W | 2004 | IEEE Micro2004，24，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial显示文摘 | Friedrich W Mohr Marie-Claude Morice A Pieter Kappetein Ted E Feldman Elisabeth St?hle Antonio Colombo Michael J Mack David R Holmes Marie-angèle Morel Nic Van Dyck Vicki M Houle Keith D Dawkins Patrick W Serruys | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9867： | 1 |
| 11 | Trends in the prevalence ,awareness, treatment , and control of hyoertention in the adult US population: data from the health examination surveys, 1960to 1991显示文摘 | Vicki D LB Jeffrey D AC Millicent H | 1995 | Hypertention1995，26，： | 1 |
| 12 | Coronary artery bypass graft surgery versus percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with three-vessel disease and left main coronary disease: 5-year follow-up of the randomised, clinical SYNTAX trial显示文摘 | Friedrich W Mohr Marie-Claude Morice A Pieter Kappetein Ted E Feldman Elisabeth St?hle Antonio Colombo Michael J Mack David R Holmes Marie-angèle Morel Nic Van Dyck Vicki M Houle Keith D Dawkins Patrick W Serruys | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9867： | 1 |
| 13 | Motiva tional interviewing improves weight loss in women with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | Delia S Paul G Vicki D | 2007 | Diabetes Care2007，30，： | 1 |
| 14 | Endoscopic Therapy for Achalasia Before Heller Myotomy Results in Worse Outcomes Than Heller Myotomy Alone显示文摘 | C Daniel Smith Alessandro Stival D Lee Howell Vickie Swafford | 2006 | Annals of Surgery2006，，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Detection of exogenous and endogenous avian leukosis virus in commercial chicken eggs using reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction assay显示文摘 | Pham T D Spencer J L Vicki L | 1999 | Avian Pathol1999，28，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Anticipating and Preventing Delirium显示文摘 | Lampley D Vicki T | 2002 | J Okla Med Assoc2002，95，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Reversal in a Llama显示文摘 | Clynn E Wilker D V M Vicki N | 1994 | Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association1994，204，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Relevance of proteinfermentation to gut health显示文摘 | Karen W Vicky D P Kristin V | 2012 | Mol Nutr Food Res2012，56，： | 1 |
| 19 | Determination of the phenoxyacid herbicides MCPA, mecoprop and 2,4-D in kidney tissue using liquid-chromatography with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Charlton AA Vicki S Sykes M D | 2009 | Bulletin of Environment Contamination and Toxicology2009，82，6： | 1 |
| 20 | The determinants of allowance prices in the European emissions trading scheme: :an we expect an efeient allowance market 2008'? 显示文摘 | WILFRIED R VICKI D ANDREAS K | 2007 | Review of Environmental Economics and Policy2007，1，1： | 1 |
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