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| 1 | Variations in net primary productivity and its relationships with warming climate in the permafrost zone of the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘温暖的气候触发的永久冻土降级处于土壤条件导致重要变化,并且进一步在植被上贡献明显的影响。然而,更不在网里关于差别被知道主要生产率(NPP ) 和在在不同植被类型和西藏的高原上的永久冻土地区的各种各样的类型之中的 NPP 和温暖的温度之间的关系。因而,遥远地察觉到陆地表面温度(LST ) 和从 MODIS 站台的 NPP 被用来调查植被 NPP 的反应到温暖气候,并且关联为学习区域被扩大规模。我们的结果从西方显示了 NPP 的著名增加到东方,并且显著地在西藏的高原的永久冻土地区从 2000 ~ 2010 与增加的 LST 一起增加了年度 NPP。同时,为各种各样的植被类型并且在有与温暖温度的关系的永久冻土地区的不同类型的增加的 NPP 被揭示。在连续永久冻土地区的 NPP 有最大的敏感到变化 LST,并且森林 NPP 介绍了最明显的反应。在在各种各样的规模的 NPP 和 LST 之间的积极关联显示了在西藏的高原的永久冻土地区在植被碳隐遁上温暖 LST 的提高的效果。鉴于到在这个高原上温暖温度的 NPP 的著名反应,进一步的遥感需要采用了在植被上揭示永久冻土降级和它的相关效果的地位。 | MAO Dehua LUO Ling WANG Zongming ZHANG Chunhua REN Chunying | 2015 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2015，25，8： | 18 |
| 2 | Remote Monitoring of Expansion of Aquaculture Ponds Along Coastal Region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015显示文摘Aquaculture ponds are one of the fastest-growing land use types in valuable and fertile coastal areas and have caused serious environmental problems. Quantitative assessment of the extent, spatial distribution, and dynamics of aquaculture ponds is of utmost importance for sustainable economic development and scientific management of land and water resources in the coastal area. An object-oriented classification approach was applied to Landsat images acquired over three decades to investigate the long-term change of aquaculture ponds in the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta. The results indicated that the aquaculture ponds in the study area undergone a sharp expansion from 40.38 km^2 in 1983 to 1406.89 km^2 in 2015, and the fast expansion occurred during the period of 2010–2015 and 1990–2000. Natural wetlands, especially mudflat, and cropland were main land use types contributing to the increase of aquaculture ponds. The patches of aquaculture ponds were consequently prevalence in the north of the Yellow River Estuary and landscape metrics indicated an increase of the aquaculture ponds of the study area in the quantity and complexity. The expansion of aquaculture ponds inevitably had negative effects on the coastal environment, including loss of natural wetlands, water pollution and land subsidence, etc. The results from this study provide baseline data and valuable information for efficiently planning and managing aquaculture practices and for effectively implementing adequate regulations and protection measures. | REN Chunying WANG Zongming ZHANG Bai LI Lin CHEN Lin SONG Kaishan JIA Mingming | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，3： | 18 |
| 3 | Examining Forest Net Primary Productivity Dynamics and Driving Forces in Northeastern China During 1982–2010显示文摘Forest net primary productivity(NPP) is a key parameter for forest monitoring and management. In this study, monthly and annual forest NPP in the northeastern China from 1982 to 2010 were simulated by using Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach(CASA) model with normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) sequences derived from Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies(GIMMS) and Terra Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) products. To address the problem of data inconsistency between AVHRR and MODIS data, a per-pixel unary linear regression model based on least squares method was developed to derive the monthly NDVI sequences. Results suggest that estimated forest NPP has mean relative error of 18.97% compared to observed NPP from forest inventory. Forest NPP in the northeastern China increased significantly during the twenty-nine years. The results of seasonal dynamic show that more clear increasing trend of forest NPP occurred in spring and autumn. This study also examined the relationship between forest NPP and its driving forces including the climatic and anthropogenic factors. In spring and winter, temperature played the most pivotal role in forest NPP. In autumn, precipitation acted as the most important factor affecting forest NPP, while solar radiation played the most important role in the summer. Evaportranspiration had a close correlation with NPP for coniferous forest, mixed coniferous broadleaved forest, and broadleaved deciduous forest. Spatially, forest NPP in the Da Hinggan Mountains was more sensitive to climatic changes than in the other ecological functional regions. In addition to climatic change, the degradation and improvement of forests had important effects on forest NPP. Results in this study are helpful for understanding the regional carbon sequestration and can enrich the cases for the monitoring of vegetation during long time series. | MAO Dehua WANG Zongming WU Changshan SONG Kaishan REN Chunying | 2014 | Chinese Geographical Science2014，24，6： | 16 |
| 4 | Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Coastal Wetlands and Reclamation in the Yangtze Estuary During Past 50 Years(1960s–2015)显示文摘Reclamation is one of the fastest-growing land use type developed in coastal areas and has caused degradation and loss of coastal wetlands as well as serious environmental problems. This paper was aimed at monitoring the spatiotemporal patterns of coastal wetlands and reclamation in the Yangtze Estuary during the 1960s and 2015. Satellite images obtained from 1980 to 2015 and topography maps of the 1960 s were employed to extract changes of reclamation and coastal wetlands. Area-weight centroids were calculated to identify the movement trend of reclamation and coastal wetlands. The results show that from the 1960 s to 2015, the net area of natural wetlands declined by 574.3 km^2, while man-made wetlands and reclamation increased by 553.6 and 543.9 km^2, respectively. During the five study phases, the fastest areal change rate natural wetlands was –13.3 km^2/yr in the period of 1990–2000, and that of man-made areas was 24.7 km^2/yr in the same period, and the areal change rate of reclamation was 27.6 km^2/yr in the period of 2000–2010. Conversion of coastal wetlands mainly occurred in the Chongming Island, Changshu City and the east coast of Shanghai Municipality. Reclamation was common across coastal areas, and was mainly attributed to settlement and man-made wetlands in the Chongming Island, Lianyungang City and the east coast of Shanghai Municipality. Natural wetlands turned into farmlands and settlement, and man-made wetlands gained from reclamation of farmlands. The centroid of natural wetlands generally moved towards the sea, man-made wetlands expanded equally in all directions and inland, and the centroid of reclamation migrated toward Shanghai Municipality. Sea level rise, erosion-deposition changes, and reclamation activities together determine the dynamics of the Yangtze Estuary wetlands. However, reclamation activities for construction of ports, industries and aquaculture are the key causes for the dynamics. The results from this study on the dynamics of coastal wetlands and reclamation are valuable for local government to put forward sustainable land use and land development plans. | CHEN Lin REN Chunying ZHANG Bai LI Lin WANG Zongming SONG Kaishan | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，3： | 12 |
| 5 | Land Use Changes in Northeast China Driven by Human Activities and Climatic Variation显示文摘Human-induced land use/cover change (LUCC) forms an important component of global environmental change. Therefore, it is important to study land use/cover and its change at local, regional and global scales. In this paper we conducted the study of land use change in Northeast China, one of the most important agricultural zones of the nation. From 1986 to 2000, according to the study results obtained from Landsat images, widespread changes in land use/cover took place in the study area. Grassland, marsh, water body and woodland decreased by 9864, 3973, 1367 and 10,052km2, respectively. By comparison, paddy field, dry farmland, and built-up land expanded by 7339, 17193 and 700km2, respectively. Those changes bore an interactive relationship with the environment, especially climate change. On the one hand, climate warming created a potential environment for grassland and marsh to be changed to farmland as more crops could thrive in the warmer climate, and for dry farmland to paddy field. On the other hand, the changed surface cover modified the local climate. Those changes, in turn, have adversely influenced the local environment by accelerating land degradation. In terms of socio-economic driving forces, population augment, regional economic development, and national and provincial policies were confirmed as main driving factors for land use change. | WANG Zongming LIU Zhiming SONG Kaishan ZHANG Bai ZHANG Sumei LIU Dianwei REN Chunying YANG Fei | 2009 | Chinese Geographical Science2009，19，3： | 10 |
| 6 | Ectopic expression of soybean GmKNT1 in Arabidopsis results in altered leaf morphology and flower identity显示文摘Plant morphology is specified by leaves and flowers, and the shoot apical meristem (SAM) defines the architecture of plant leaves and flowers. Here, we reported the characterization of a soybean KNOX gene GmKNT1, which was highly homologous to Arabidopsis STM. The GmKNT1 was strongly expressed in roots, flowers and developing seeds. Its expression could be induced by IAA, ABA and JA, but inhibited by GA or cytokinin. Staining of the transgenic plants overexpressing GmKNT1-GUS fusion protein revealed that the GmKNT1 was mainly expressed at lobe region, SAM of young leaves, sepal and carpel, not in seed and mature leaves. Scanning electron micros-copy (SEM) disclosed multiple changes in morphology of the epidermal cells and stigma. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpress-ing the GmKNT1 showed small and lobed leaves, shortened internodes and small clustered inflorescence. The lobed leaves might result from the function of the meristems located at the boundary of the leaf. Compared with wild type plants, transgenic plants had higher ex-pression of the SAM-related genes including the CUP, WUS, CUC1, KNAT2 and KNAT6. These results indicated that the GmKNT1 could affect multiple aspects of plant growth and development by regulation of downstream genes expression. | Jun Liu Da Ha Zongming Xie Chunmei Wang Huiwen Wang Wanke Zhang Jinsong Zhang Shouyi Chen | 2008 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2008，35，7： | 8 |
| 7 | Land Use/Cover Changes and Environmental Consequences in Songnen Plain,Northeast China显示文摘The Songnen Plain in Northeast China,one of the key national bases of agricultural production,went through remarkable land use/cover changes in recent years.This study aimed to explore the long-term land use/cover changes and the effects of these changes on the environment.The Landsat-based analysis showed that,during 1986-2000,cropland,built-up land and barren land had increased,among which cropland had the largest increase of 9,198km2 with an increase rate of 7.5%.Woodland,grassland,water body and swampland had decreased correspondingly,among which grassland had the most dramatic decrease of 6,127km2 with a decrease rate of 25.6%.The transition matrix results revealed that grassland,woodland and swampland were the three main land use types converted to cropland.Climate warming created the potential environment for the conversion of grassland and swampland into cropland.Land resources policy made by central and provincial governments of China affected the pattern and intensity of land use.Land use/cover changes accompanied by climatic variation brought out a series of environmental consequences,such as sand desertification of land,land salinization and alkalinization,grassland degradation,and more frequent floods.Under this circumstance,optimized land use structure and restoration measures are needed. | LIU Dianwei WANG Zongming SONG Kaishan ZHANG Bai HU Liangjun HUANG Ni ZHANG Sumei LUO Ling ZHANG Chunhua JIANG Guangjia | 2009 | Chinese Geographical Science2009，19，4： | 8 |
| 8 | Differences in the behavior characteristics between Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka in an on-line biomonitoring system显示文摘It is important to select suitable organisms to adapt the requirement of different environment monitoring purposes.Following our previous study,the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna and Japanese madaka (Oryzias latipes) were investigated and compared under flow-through conditions in an on-line biomonitoring system.The results showed that both D.magna and Japanese madaka had similar biological clock,but the circadian rhythms of Japanese madaka was more clearly recorded than that of D.magna.And the sensitivity of D.magna was about two orders of magnitudes higher than that of Japanese madaka in different types of toxic chemicals (dichlorovos,deltamethrin and cadmium chloride).However,when both animals were used in an on-line biomonitoring system,the life span of D.magna was less than 7 days and Japanese madaka could last for more than one month without feeding.Therefore,D.magna was proposed to be a more sensitive bioindicator and was suitable for short term monitoring the pollution events at concentration level closing to the water quality standard,while Japanese madaka was more suitable for the long-term monitoring for accidental discharges. | Zongming Ren Zijian Wang | 2010 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2010，22，5： | 7 |
| 9 | Three-dimensional dynamic culture of pre-osteoblasts seeded in HA-CS/Col/nHAP composite scaffolds and treated with α-ZAL显示文摘造骨细胞前 MC3T3-E1 房间在玻尿的修改酸的 chitosan/collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite (HA-CS/Col/nHAP ) 是有教养的合成脚手架并且与 phytoestrogen 对待 -zearalanol (为骨头织物工程改进骨头织物形成的 -ZAL) 。灌注和动态紧张被用于三维(3D ) 有教养的房间,它在骨头组织模仿机械微型环境并且解决集体转移问题。在 vitro 的房间支架构造的形态学然后被检验,成骨的标记被 immunohistochemistry 染色并且西方的弄污估计。结果证明房间以一种不规则的方式扩展了他们的 pseudopodia 并且在 3D-dynamic 文化沿着墙分散了。Osteogenic 显型被增加或由提高的骨胶原坚持说(COLI ) 我铺平,减少的 osteopontin 表示和有的很少在 12 天期间在 osteocalcin 上完成表示在 vitro 文化。响应 -ZAL, ,房间支架构造显示出禁止的细胞的增长,提高了碱的磷酸酶(高山) 活动和到原子因素 kappa B (NF-B ) ligand (RANKL ) 的受体使活跃之物的 osteoprotegerin 的增加的比率。到与 -ZAL 对待的房间支架构造的灌注和动态紧张的申请在骨头织物工程的成骨刺激的研究代表一条有希望的途径。 | Lu Liu Yong Guo Xuezhong Chen Ruixin Li Zhihong Li Liang Wang Zongming Wan Jianyu Li Qingxin Hao Hao Li Xizheng Zhang | 2012 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2012，44，8： | 7 |
| 10 | Impacts of Land Cover Changes on Ecosystem Carbon Stocks Over the Transboundary Tumen River Basin in Northeast Asia显示文摘Understanding the effects of land cover changes on ecosystem carbon stocks is essential for ecosystem management and environmental protection, particularly in the transboundary region that has undergone marked changes. This study aimed to examine the impacts of land cover changes on ecosystem carbon stocks in the transboundary Tumen River Basin(TTRB). We extracted the spatial information from Landsat Thematic Imager(TM) and Operational Land Imager(OLI) images for the years 1990 and 2015 and obtained convincing estimates of terrestrial biomass and soil carbon stocks with the InVEST model. The results showed that forestland, cropland and built-up land increased by 57.5, 429.7 and 128.9 km2, respectively, while grassland, wetland and barren land declined by 24.9, 548.0 and 43.0 km2, respectively in the TTRB from 1990 to 2015. The total carbon stocks encompassing aboveground, belowground, soil and litter layer carbon storage pools have declined from 831.48 Tg C in 1990 to 831.42 Tg C in 2015 due to land cover changes. In detail, the carbon stocks decreased by 3.13 Tg C and 0.44 Tg C in Democratic People's Republic of Korea(North Korea) and Russia, respectively, while increased by 3.51 Tg C in China. Furthermore, economic development, and national policy accounted for most land cover changes in the TTRB. Our results imply that effective wetland and forestland protection policies among China, North Korea, and Russia are much needed for protecting the natural resources, promoting local ecosystem services and regional sustainable development in the transnational area. | XIANG Hengxing JIA Mingming WANG Zongming LI Lin MAO Dehua ZHANG Da CUI Guishan ZHU Weihong | 2018 | Chinese Geographical Science2018，28，6： | 6 |
| 11 | Impact of land use/land cover changes on ecosystem services in the Nenjiang River Basin, Northeast China显示文摘Introduction:The Nenjiang River Basin is an important foodstuff base and eco-environmental fragile area in Northeast China.With the rapid rise in human population,human-induced changes in land use/land cover form an important component of regional environment and ecosystem service change.At the local and regional level,the ecosystem service concept can act as a decision support tool for a stakeholder to reach sustainable land use management.However,the prevailing ecosystem service evaluation would produce a biggish warp when it is applied to concrete area.So,it is essential to evaluate ecosystem service change according to the local actuality.Method:According to 1:250,000 land use/land cover maps of China and the adjusted equivalent value per unit area of ecosystem services in the Nenjiang River Basin,we evaluated the ecosystem service change of the river basin from 1980 to 2005.Results:The forest and wetland,which are mainly located in the upstream mountainous area of the Nenjiang River Basin,were the two valuable land cover types,accounting for more than three quarters of the total ecosystem service value of the river basin.As for individual ecosystem service,besides the food production,all of the ecosystem service values declined from 1980 to 2005.The total decline of 2.43 billion USD was mainly due to the cultivation of grassland(14.34%of the area in 1980)and wetland(4.62%of the area in 1980)in the downstream plain.Conclusions:Due to the increase in population and the concomitant requirement of grain,the inconsistency between decision-making at the macro-level,and the objective of agricultural production at the micro-level,cultivated land was increased through zealous reclamation of grassland,marginal woodland,and even fallow land.Tremendous land use/land cover changes had caused great damages to the ecological environment such as land degradation and ecosystem service recession.So,the policies of the Grain for Green and Construction of Ecological Province projects should be well-implemented to optimize land use/land cover. | Zhiliang Wang Zongming Wang Bai Zhang Chunyan Lu Chunying Ren | 2015 | Ecological Processes2015，4，1： | 5 |
| 12 | Mapping paddy rice distribution using multi-temporal Landsat imagery in the Sanjiang Plain, northeast China显示文摘稻米饭分发的信息为食物生产和甲烷排放计算是必要的。基于物候学的算法在由识别唯一的泛滥印射稻稻田被利用了,移植的幼苗用多时间的中等分辨率(到 1 km 的 500 m ) 分阶段执行图象。在这研究,我们开发了简单算法用多时间的 Landsat 形象在地区性的规模在好分辨率识别稻米饭。从 2010-2012 的十六幅 Landsat 图象被用来在 Sanjiang 平原产生 30 m 稻米饭地图,在中国的主要的稻米饭耕作区域的东北 Chinaone。三个植被索引,规范的差别植被索引(NDVI ) ,提高的植被索引(EVI ) ,和陆地表面浇索引(LSWI ) ,被用来在充满 / 移植并且成熟的阶段期间识别稻田。结果的基于 Landsat 的稻米饭地图上的稻米饭的用户和制片人精确性分别地是 90% 和 94% 。基于 Landsat 的稻米饭地图是在国家陆地盖子数据集上的稻米饭层上的改进,它在好决定的图象上通过视觉解释和数字化被产生。农业普查数据实质地少报稻米饭区域,关于它为食物上的研究的使用的涨的严肃的担心安全。 | Cui JIN Xiangming XIAO Jinwei DONG Yuanwei QIN Zongming WANG | 2016 | Frontiers of Earth Science2016，10，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Evaluation of Spectral Scale Effects in Estimation of Vegetation Leaf Area Index Using Spectral Indices Methods显示文摘Spectral index methodology has been widely used in Leaf Area Index(LAI) retrieval at different spatial scales. There are differences in the spectral response of different remote sensors and thus spectral scale effect generated during the use of spectral indices to retrieve LAI. In this study, PROSPECT, leaf optical properties model and Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Layers(SAIL) model, were used to simulate canopy spectral reflectance with a bandwidth of 5 nm and a Gaussian spectral response function was employed to simulate the spectral data at six bandwidths ranging from 10 to 35 nm. Additionally, for bandwidths from 5 to 35 nm, the correlation between the spectral index and LAI, and the sensitivities of the spectral index to changes in LAI and bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the reflectance data at six bandwidths ranging from 40 to 65 nm were used to verify the spectral scale effect generated during the use of the spectral index to retrieve LAI. Results indicate that Vegetation Index of the Universal Pattern Decomposition(VIUPD) had the highest accuracy during LAI retrieval. Followed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Modified Simple Ratio Indices(MSRI) and Triangle Vegetation Index(TVI), although the coefficient of determination R^2 was higher than 0.96, the retrieved LAI values were less than the actual value and thus lacked validity. Other spectral indices were significantly affected by the spectral scale effect with poor retrieval results. In this study, VIUPD, which exhibited a relatively good correlation and sensitivity to LAI, was less affected by the spectral scale effect and had a relatively good retrieval capability. This conclusion supports a purported feature independent of the sensor of this model and also confirms the great potential of VIUPD for retrieval of physicochemical parameters of vegetation using multi-source remote sensing data. | DU Huishi JIANG Hailing ZHANG Lifu MAO Dehua WANG Zongming | 2016 | Chinese Geographical Science2016，26，6： | 5 |
| 14 | Analysis of grinding mechanics and improved grinding force model based on randomized grain geometric characteristics显示文摘Too high grinding force will lead to a large increase in specific grinding energy, resulting in high temperature in grinding zone, especially for the aerospace difficult cutting metal materials,seriously affecting the surface quality and accuracy. At present, the theoretical models of grinding force are mostly based on the assumption of uniform or simplified morphological characteristics of grains, which is inconsistent with the actual grains. Especially for non-engineering grinding wheel,most geometric characteristics of grains are ignored, resulting in the calculation accuracy that cannot guide practical production. Based on this, an improved grinding force model based on random grain geometric characteristics is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the surface topography model of CBN grinding wheel is established, and the effective grain determination mechanism in grinding zone is revealed. Based on the known grinding force model and mechanical behavior of interaction between grains and workpiece in different stages, the concept of grain effective action area is proposed. The variation mechanism of effective action area under the influence of grain geometric and spatial characteristics is deeply analyzed, and the calculation method under random combination of five influencing parameters is obtained. The numerical simulation is carried out to reveal the dynamic variation process of grinding force in grinding zone. In order to verify the theoretical model, the experiments of dry grinding Ti-6Al-4 V are designed. The experimental results show that under different machining parameters, the results of numerical calculation and experimental measurement are in good agreement, and the minimum error value is only 2.1 %, which indicates that the calculation accuracy of grinding force model meets the requirements and is feasible. This study will provide a theoretical basis for optimizing the wheel structure, effectively controlling the grinding force range, adjusting the grinding zone temperature and improving the workpiece machining quality in the industrial grinding process. | Mingzheng LIU Changhe LI Yanbin ZHANG Min YANG Teng GAO Xin CUI Xiaoming WANG Wenhao XU Zongming ZHOU Bo LIU Zafar SAID Runze LI Shubham SHARMA | 2023 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2023，36，7： | 5 |
| 15 | Electrostatic atomization minimum quantity lubrication machining:from mechanism to application显示文摘Metal cutting fluids(MCFs)under flood conditions do not meet the urgent needs of reducing carbon emission.Biolubricant-based minimum quantity lubrication(MQL)is an effective alternative to flood lubrication.However,pneumatic atomization MQL has poor atomization properties,which is detrimental to occupational health.Therefore,electrostatic atomization MQL requires preliminary exploratory studies.However,systematic reviews are lacking in terms of capturing the current research status and development direction of this technology.This study aims to provide a comprehensive review and critical assessment of the existing understanding of electrostatic atomization MQL.This research can be used by scientists to gain insights into the action mechanism,theoretical basis,machining performance,and development direction of this technology.First,the critical equipment,eco-friendly atomization media(biolubricants),and empowering mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL are presented.Second,the advanced lubrication and heat transfer mechanisms of biolubricants are revealed by quantitatively comparing MQL with MCF-based wet machining.Third,the distinctive wetting and infiltration mechanisms of electrostatic atomization MQL,combined with its unique empowering mechanism and atomization method,are compared with those of pneumatic atomization MQL.Previous experiments have shown that electrostatic atomization MQL can reduce tool wear by 42.4%in metal cutting and improve the machined surface Ra by 47%compared with pneumatic atomization MQL.Finally,future development directions,including the improvement of the coordination parameters and equipment integration aspects,are proposed. | Wenhao Xu Changhe Li Yanbin Zhang Hafiz Muhammad Ali Shubham Sharma Runze Li Min Yang Teng Gao Mingzheng Liu Xiaoming Wang Zafar Said Xin Liu Zongming Zhou | 2022 | International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing2022，4，4： | 4 |
| 16 | Evapotranspiration Estimation Based on MODIS Products and Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL) Model in Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China显示文摘In this study,the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land(SEBAL) model and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS) products from Terra satellite were combined with meteorological data to estimate evapotranspiration(ET) over the Sanjiang Plain,Northeast China.Land cover/land use was classified by using a recursive partitioning and regression tree with MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) time series data,which were reconstructed based on the Savitzky-Golay filtering approach.The MODIS product Quality Assessment Science Data Sets(QA-SDS) was analyzed and all scenes with valid data covering more than 75% of the Sanjiang Plain were selected for the SEBAL modeling.This provided 12 overpasses during 184-day growing season from May 1st to October 31st,2006.Daily ET estimated by the SEBAL model was misestimaed at the range of-11.29% to 27.57% compared with that measured by Eddy Covariance system(10.52% on average).The validation results show that seasonal ET from the SEBAL model is comparable to that from ground observation within 8.86% of deviation.Our results reveal that the time series daily ET of different land cover/use increases from vegetation on-going until June or July and then decreases as vegetation senesced.Seasonal ET is lower in dry farmland(average(Ave):491 mm) and paddy field(Ave:522 mm) and increases in wetlands to more than 586 mm.As expected,higher seasonal ET values are observed for the Xingkai Lake in the southeastern part of the Sanjiang Plain(Ave:823 mm),broadleaf forest(Ave:666 mm) and mixed wood(Ave:622 mm) in the southern/western Sanjiang Plain.The ET estimation with SEBAL using MODIS products can provide decision support for operational water management issues. | DU Jia SONG Kaishan WANG Zongming ZHANG Bai LIU Dianwei | 2013 | Chinese Geographical Science2013，23，1： | 4 |
| 17 | Nanocomposites of CsPbBr_(3) perovskite quantum dots embedded in Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+) hollow spheres for LEDs application显示文摘Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) quantum dots(QDs)mesoporous hollow nanocomposites with good luminescent properties and high stability were built.Among which,the hollow Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)spheres and CsPbBr_(3) QDs were prepared by urea homogeneous precipitation and hot-injection method,respectively.Finally,the Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) QDs shell-core compounds were constructed through mechanical stirring.The structure,morphology,stability and luminescent properties were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravity(DSC/TG),X-ray diffraction(XRD),field-emission scanning electron microscopy(FE-SEM),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),photoluminescence excitation/photoluminescence(PLE/PL)and life decay tools.Compared to the original CsPbBr_(3) QDs,Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) QDs display better photostability,thermal stability and current stability.The resulting Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) QDs composite exhibits good yellow emission.The Gd_(2)O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) QDs mixed silicone resin was directly coated on the blue LED chip,then the w-LED device with the color coordinate of(0.31,0.32)was successfully assembled.The Gd_(2) O_(3):Eu^(3+)@CsPbBr_(3) QDs compounds with excellent luminescent properties and stability are expected to be widely used in lighting and display areas. | Gang Wang Shangjun Yu Bin Liu Zongming Liu Jinkai Li | 2022 | Journal of Rare Earths2022，40，10： | 3 |
| 18 | The complete reference genome for grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) genetics and breeding显示文摘Grapevine is one of the most economically important crops worldwide.However,the previous versions of the grapevine reference genome tipically consist of thousands of fragments with missing centromeres and telomeres,limiting the accessibility of the repetitive sequences,the centromeric and telomeric regions,and the study of inheritance of important agronomic traits in these regions.Here,we assembled a telomere-to-telomere(T2T)gap-free reference genome for the cultivar PN40024 using PacBio HiFi long reads.The T2T reference genome(PN_T2T)is 69 Mb longer with 9018 more genes identified than the 12X.v0 version.We annotated 67%repetitive sequences,19 centromeres and 36 telomeres,and incorporated gene annotations of previous versions into the PN_T2T assembly.We detected a total of 377 gene clusters,which showed associations with complex traits,such as aroma and disease resistance.Even though PN40024 derives from nine generations of selfing,we still found nine genomic hotspots of heterozygous sites associated with biological processes,such as the oxidation–reduction process and protein phosphorylation.The fully annotated complete reference genome therefore constitutes an important resource for grapevine genetic studies and breeding programs. | Xiaoya Shi Shuo Cao Xu Wang Siyang Huang Yue Wang Zhongjie Liu Wenwen Liu Xiangpeng Leng Yanling Peng Nan Wang Yiwen Wang Zhiyao Ma Xiaodong Xu Fan Zhang Hui Xue Haixia Zhong Yi Wang Kekun Zhang Amandine Velt Komlan Avia Daniela Holtgräwe Jérôme Grimplet JoséTomás Matus Doreen Ware Xinyu Wu Haibo Wang Chonghuai Liu Yuling Fang Camille Rustenholz Zongming Cheng Hua Xiao Yongfeng Zhou | 2023 | Horticulture Research2023，10，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Fiber-reinforced composites in milling and grinding:machining bottlenecks and advanced strategies显示文摘Fiber-reinforced composites have become the preferred material in the fields of aviation and aerospace because of their high-strength performance in unit weight.The composite components are manufactured by near netshape and only require finishing operations to achieve final dimensional and assembly tolerances.Milling and grinding arise as the preferred choices because of their precision processing.Nevertheless,given their laminated,anisotropic,and heterogeneous nature,these materials are considered difficult-to-machine.As undesirable results and challenging breakthroughs,the surface damage and integrity of these materials is a research hotspot with important engineering significance.This review summarizes an up-to-date progress of the damage formation mechanisms and suppression strategies in milling and grinding for the fiber-reinforced composites reported in the literature.First,the formation mechanisms of milling damage,including delamination,burr,and tear,are analyzed.Second,the grinding mechanisms,covering material removal mechanism,thermal mechanical behavior,surface integrity,and damage,are discussed.Third,suppression strategies are reviewed systematically from the aspects of advanced cutting tools and technologies,including ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining,cryogenic cooling,minimum quantity lubrication(MQL),and tool optimization design.Ultrasonic vibration shows the greatest advantage of restraining machining force,which can be reduced by approximately 60%compared with conventional machining.Cryogenic cooling is the most effective method to reduce temperature with a maximum reduction of approximately 60%.MQL shows its advantages in terms of reducing friction coefficient,force,temperature,and tool wear.Finally,research gaps and future exploration directions are prospected,giving researchers opportunity to deepen specific aspects and explore new area for achieving high precision surface machining of fiber-reinforced composites. | Teng GAO Yanbin ZHANG Changhe LI Yiqi WANG Yun CHEN Qinglong AN Song ZHANG Hao Nan LI Huajun CAO Hafiz Muhammad ALI Zongming ZHOU Shubham SHARMA | 2022 | Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering2022，17，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Optimization of the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay for detecting thyroid hormone signaling disruption of chemicals显示文摘T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis is an ideal model for detecting thyroid hormone(TH)signaling disruption of chemicals. To optimize the T3-induced Xenopus assay and improve its sensitivity and reproducibility, we intend to develop quantitatively morphological endpoints and choose appropriate concentrations and exposure durations for T3 induction.Xenopus laevis at stage 52 were exposed to series of concentrations of T3(0.31–2.5 nmol/L)for 6 days. By comparing morphological changes induced by T3, we propose head area,mouth width, unilateral brain width/brain length, and hindlimb length/snout-vent length as quantitative parameters for characterizing T3-induced morphological changes, with body weight as a parameter for indicating integrated changes. By analyzing time-response curves, we found that following 4-day exposure, T3-induced grossly morphological changes displayed linear concentration–response curves, with moderate morphological changes resulting from 1.25 nmol/L T3 exposure. When using grossly morphological endpoints to detect TH signaling disruption, we propose 4 days as exposure duration of T3, with concentrations close to 1.25 nmol/L as induction concentrations. However, it is appropriate to examine morphological and molecular changes of the intestine on day 2 due to their early response to T3. The quantitative endpoints and T3 induction concentrations and durations we determined would improve the sensitivity and the reproducibility of the T3-induced Xenopus metamorphosis assay. | Xiaofang Yao Xiaoying Chen Yinfeng Zhang Yuanyuan Li Yao Wang Zongming Zheng Zhanfen Qin Qingdong Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，2： | 2 |
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