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| 1 | Biofeedback therapy for dyssynergic defecation显示文摘Dyssynergic defecation is one of the most common forms of functional constipation both in children and adults; it is defined by incomplete evacuation of fecal material from the rectum due to paradoxical contraction or failure to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is believed to be a behavioral disorder because there are no associated morphological or neurological abnormalities, and consequently biofeedback training has been recommended for treatment. Biofeedback involves the use of pressure measurements or averaged electromyographic activity within the anal canal to teach patients how to relax pelvic floor muscles when straining to defecate. This is often combined with teaching the patient more appropriate techniques for straining (increasing intra-abdominal pressure) and having the patient practice defecating a water filled balloon. In adults, randomized controlled trials show that this form of biofeedback is more effective than laxatives, general muscle relaxation exercises (described as sham biofeedback), and drugs to relax skeletal muscles. Moreover, its effectiveness is specific to patients who have dyssynergic defecation and not slow transit constipation. However, in children, no clear superiority for biofeedback compared to laxatives has been demonstrated. Based on three randomized controlled studies in the last two years, biofeedback appears to be the preferred treatment for dyssynergic defecation in adults. | Giuseppe Chiarioni Steve Heymen William E Whitehead | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，44： | 44 |
| 2 | Chronic proctalgia and chronic pelvic pain syndromes:New etiologic insights and treatment options显示文摘This systematic review addresses the pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of several chronic pain syndromes affecting the pelvic organs:chronic proctalgia, coccygodynia, pudendal neuralgia, and chronic pelvic pain. Chronic or recurrent pain in the anal canal, rectum, or other pelvic organs occurs in 7% to 24% of the population and is associated with impaired quality of life and high health care costs. However, these pain syndromes are poorly understood, with little research evidence available to guide their diagnosis and treatment. This situation appears to be changing:A recently published large randomized,controlled trial by our group comparing biofeedback, electrogalvanic stimulation, and massage for the treatment of chronic proctalgia has shown success rates of 85% for biofeedback when patients are selected based on physical examination evidence of tenderness in response to traction on the levator ani muscle-a physical sign suggestive of striated muscle tension. Excessive tension (spasm) in the striated muscles of the pelvic floor appears to be common to most of the pelvic pain syndromes. This suggests the possibility that similar approaches to diagnostic assessment and treatment may improve outcomes in other pelvic pain disorders. | Giuseppe Chiarioni Corrado Asteria William E Whitehead | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，40： | 11 |
| 3 | 家禽营养中的烟酸显示文摘 | Colin Whitehead 李武 | 2002 | 中国畜牧兽医2002，29，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Evaluation of biomarker panels for early stage ovarian cancer detection and monitoring for disease recurrence显示文摘 | Laura J. Havrilesky Clark M. Whitehead Jennifer M. Rubatt Robert L. Cheek John Groelke Qin He Douglas P. Malinowski Timothy J. Fischer Andrew Berchuck | 2008 | Gynecologic Oncology2008，，3： | 7 |
| 5 | Design and analysis of extended depth of focus metalenses for achromatic computational imaging显示文摘Metasurface optics have demonstrated vast potential for implementing traditional optical components in an ultracompact and lightweight form factor.Metasurfaces,however,suffer from severe chromatic aberrations,posing serious limitations on their practical use.Eixisting approaches for circumventing this involving dispersion engineering are limited to small apertures and often entail multiple scatterers per unit cell with small feature sizes.Here,we prescnt an alternative technique to mitigatc chromatic aberration and demonstrate high-quality,full-color imaging using extended depth of focus(EDOF)metalenses and computational reconstruction.Previous EDOF metalenses have relied on cubic phase masks,where the image quality suffers from asymmetric artefacts.Here we demonstrate the use of rotationally symmetric masks,including logarithmic-aspherical,and shifted axicon masks,to mitigate this problem.Our work will inspire further development in achromatic metalenses beyond dispersion engineering and hybrid optical-digital metasurface systems. | LUOCHENG HUANA JAMES WHITEHEAD SHANE COLBURN ARKA MAJUMDAR | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，10： | 5 |
| 6 | Nursing education in China:Meeting the global demand for quality healthcare显示文摘With a predicted global nursing shortage,ensuring the provision of quality healthcare has become a pressing concern.In China,these concerns include the need to produce nurses trained to a level to support advancing nursing practice and a healthcare system that supports the growth and retention of nurses in China.This paper argues that the standard of nursing education in China plays a crucial role in preparing graduates to meet the health demands of China's growing population and the role that China can play into the future in the global progression of nursing.Collaboration between nursing authorities,educators,and legislators is required to support the progression of nursing worldwide. | Carol Chunfeng Wang Lisa Whitehead Sara Bayes | 2016 | International Journal of Nursing Sciences2016，3，1： | 5 |
| 7 | The Erythropoietin Receptor: Dimerization and Intracellular Signal Transduction显示文摘Erythropoietin (EPO), a 34 kD glycopro-tein, is the principal growth factor regulating theproduction of circulating erythrocytes; EPO isessential for committed CFU - E erythroid pro-genitors to divide several times and then to dif-ferentiate into erythrocytes. Like most receptorsfor hematopoietic growth factors, the erythro-poietin receptor (EPO - R) is a type I trans-membrane protein and a member of the cytokinereceptor superfamily. These receptors containfour conserved cysteines and a Trp - Ser - X - | WU Hong Harvey F Lodish(Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Nine Cambridge Center Cambridge MA 02142 USA) (Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA) | 1996 | 中国实验血液学杂志1996，4，3： | 4 |
| 8 | 脑海绵状血管畸形临床诊疗指南概要:血管瘤联盟科学咨询委员会临床专家组基于系统文献评价的共识推荐显示文摘背景尽管脑海绵状血管畸形(cerebral cavernous malformation, CCM)的相关研究文献已相当丰富,但在诊断和治疗策略方面仍存在着争议。目的制订CCM诊疗指南。方法作为代表CCM患者和研究的患者支持团体,血管瘤联盟(www.angioma.org)召集了一个包括CCM临床专家在内的多学科写作组来帮助总结现有的CCM临床诊疗相关文献,重点关注5个主题:(1)流行病学和自然病程;(2)遗传检测和咨询;(3)诊断标准和影像学标准;(4)神经外科注意事项;(5)神经内科注意事项。写作组根据预定方案进行了文献回顾和证据评价,最终制定推荐意见,并且确立了共识、争议和知识空白。结果根据方法学标准从1983年1月1日至2014年9月31日期间公开发表的1 270篇文献中筛选出98篇,并确定了另外38篇近期或相关的文献。各主题作者利用这些文献总结了现有知识并形成了23项共识诊疗推荐,同时根据美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会标准进行了推荐强度(效应量)和证据水平(确定性估计)评级。其中,尚无A级证据(因为缺乏随机对照试验),B级证据11项(48%),C级证据12项(52%);Ⅰ级推荐8项(35%),Ⅱ级推荐10项(43%),Ⅲ级推荐5项(22%)。结论现有证据支持对CCM诊疗的推荐,但这些证据的级别和推荐强度普遍较低,因此需要进一步研究来帮助进行更好的临床实践并更新这些推荐。完整的推荐文档包括引用文献的纳入标准、关于各项推荐更详尽的评判标准以及各种争议和知识空白的总结,同样通过了同行评议并可在线获取(www.angioma.org/CCMGuidelines)。 | Amy Akers Rustam Al-Shahi Salman Issam A. Awad Kristen Dahlem Kelly Flemming Blaine Hart Helen Kim Ignacio Jusue-Torres Douglas Kondziolka Cornelia Lee Leslie Morrison Daniele Rigamonti Tania Rebeiz Elisabeth Toumier-Lasserve Darrel Waggoner Kevin Whitehead 鄂同舟 雷宇 倪伟 顾宇翔 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，7： | 4 |
| 9 | 生理反馈只对排便功能失常患者有利,而对独立性慢传输型便秘患者无效 | Chiarioni G. Salandini L. Whitehead W.E. 王志宇 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(胃肠病学分册)2005，0，12： | 4 |
| 10 | Phytoestrogens and prevention of breast cancer: The contentious debate显示文摘Phytoestrogens have multiple actions within target cells, including the epigenome, which could be beneficial to the development and progression of breast cancer. In this brief review the action of phytoestrogens on oestrogen receptors, cell signalling pathways, regulation of the cell cycle, apoptosis, steroid synthesis and epigenetic events in relation to breast cancer are discussed. Phytoestrogens can bind weakly to oestrogen receptors(ERs) and some have a preferential affinity for ERβ which can inhibit the transcriptional growthpromoting activity of ERα. However only saturating doses of phytoestrogens, stimulating both ERα and β, exert growth inhibitory effects. Such effects on growth may be through phytoestrogens inhibiting cell signalling pathways. Phytoestrogens have also been shown to inhibit cyclin D1 expression but increase the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors(p21 and p27) and the tumour suppressor gene p53. Again these effects are only observed at high(> 10) μmol/L doses of phytoestrogens. Finally the effects of phytoestrogens on breast cancer may be mediated by their ability toinhibit local oestrogen synthesis and induce epigenetic changes. There are, though, difficulties in reconciling epidemiological and experimental data due to the fact experimental doses, both in vivo and in vitro, far exceed the circulating concentrations of 'free' unbound phytoestrogens measured in women on a high phytoestrogen diet or those taking phytoestrogen supplements. | Iqra Bilal Avidyuti Chowdhury Juliet Davidson Saffron Whitehead | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，4： | 4 |
| 11 | Crown and canopy structure in relation to productivity,proceedings of an international workshop held in Japan显示文摘 | Fujimori T Whitehead D | 1986 | Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute1986，，： | 4 |
| 12 | U. S. Householder survey of functional gastrointestinal disorders显示文摘 | Douglas A. Drossman Zhiming Li Eileen Andruzzi Robert D. Temple Nicholas J. Talley W. Grant Thompson William E. Whitehead Josef Janssens Peter Funch-Jensen Enrico Corazziari Joel E. Richter Gary G. Koch | 1993 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences1993，，9： | 4 |
| 13 | 中国FDI的国际竞争力与环境保护责任显示文摘在世界经济一体化进程中和我国实施'走出去'的战略中,中国对外直接投资(FDI)在全球中的地位逐步提高,促进了世界经济发展。同时中国也重视国际环境合作和制度建设,鼓励境外投资企业严格履行环境保护与社会责任,以推动可持续发展和和谐世界的构建。 | Wisdom Zhi Douglas Whitehead | 2009 | 经济研究导刊2009，，26： | 3 |
| 14 | Psychosocial mechanisms for the transmission of somatic symptoms from parents to children显示文摘AIM: To examine familial aggregation of irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) via parental reinforcement/modeling of symptoms, coping, psychological distress, and exposure to stress.METHODS:Mothers of children between the ages of8 and 15 years with and without IBS were identified through the Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound.Mothers completed questionnaires,including the Child Behavior Checklist(child psychological distress),the Family Inventory of Life Events(family exposure to stress),SCL-90R(mother psychological distress),and the Pain Response Inventory(beliefs about pain).Children were interviewed separately from their parents and completed the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire(beliefs about pain),Pain Response Inventory(coping)and Child Symptom Checklist[gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms].In addition,health care utilization data was obtained from the automated database of Group Health Cooperative.Mothers with IBS(n=207)and their 296 children were compared to 240 control mothers and their 335 children,while controlling for age and education.RESULTS:Hypothesis 1:reinforcement of expression of GI problems is only related to GI symptoms,but not others(cold symptoms)in children.There was no significant correlation between parental reinforcement of symptoms and child expression of GI or other symptoms.Hypothesis 2:modeling of GI symptomsis related to GI but not non-GI symptom reporting in children.Children of parents with IBS reported more non-GI(8.97 vs 6.70,P<0.01)as well as more GI(3.24 vs 2.27,P<0.01)symptoms.Total health care visits made by the mother correlated with visits made by the child(rho=0.35,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.26,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 3:children learn to share the methods of coping with illness that their mothers exhibit.Methods used by children to cope with stomachaches differed from methods used by their mothers.Only 2/16 scales showed weak but significant correlations(stoicism rho=0.13,P<0.05;acceptance rho=0.13,P<0.05).Hypothesis 4:mothers and children share psychological traits such as anxiety,depression,and somatization.Child psychological distress correlated with mother’s psychological distress(rho=0.41,P<0.001 for cases,rho=0.38,P<0.001 for controls).Hypothesis 5:stress that affects the whole family might explain the similarities between mothers and their children.Family exposure to stress was not a significant predictor of children’s symptom reports.Hypothesis 6:the intergenerational transmission of GI illness behavior may be due to multiple mechanisms.Regression analysis identified multiple independent predictors of the child’s GI complaints,which were similar to the predictors of the child’s non-GI symptoms(mother’s IBS status,child psychological symptoms,child catastrophizing,and child age).CONCLUSION:Multiple factors influence the reporting of children’s gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal symptoms.The clustering of illness within families is best understood using a model that incorporates all these factors. | Miranda AL van Tilburg Rona L Levy Lynn S Walker Michael Von Korff Lauren D Feld Michelle Garner Andrew D Feld William E Whitehead | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 15 | Fecal Incontinence in US Adults: Epidemiology and Risk Factors显示文摘 | William E. Whitehead Lori Borrud Patricia S. Goode Susan Meikle Elizabeth R. Mueller Ashok Tuteja Alison Weidner Milena Weinstein Wen Ye | 2009 | Gastroenterology2009，，2： | 2 |
| 16 | Free-space optical neural network based on thermal atomic nonlinearity显示文摘As artificial neural networks(ANNs)continue to make strides in wide-ranging and diverse fields of technology,the search for more efficient hardware implementations beyond conventional electronics is gaining traction.In particular,optical implementations potentially offer extraordinary gains in terms of speed and reduced energy consumption due to the intrinsic parallelism of free-space optics.At the same time,a physical nonlinearity—a crucial ingredient of an ANN—is not easy to realize in free-space optics,which restricts the potential of this platform.This problem is further exacerbated by the need to also perform the nonlinear activation in parallel for each data point to preserve the benefit of linear free-space optics.Here,we present a free-space optical ANN with diffraction-based linear weight summation and nonlinear activation enabled by the saturable absorption of thermal atoms.We demonstrate,via both simulation and experiment,image classification of handwritten digits using only a single layer and observed 6% improvement in classification accuracy due to the optical nonlinearity compared to a linear model.Our platform preserves the massive parallelism of free-space optics even with physical nonlinearity,and thus opens the way for novel designs and wider deployment of optical ANNs. | Albert Ryou James Whitehead Maksym Zhelyeznyakov Paul Anderson Cem Keskin Michal Bajcsy Arka Majumdar | 2021 | Photonics Research2021，9，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease in children and adults显示文摘This paper reviews empirical work on cognitive and social learning contributions to the etiology and treatment of illness behavior associated with functional abdominal pain and inflammatory bowel disease. A particular emphasis is placed on randomized controlled trials, the majority of which are multi-modal in orientation, incorporating elements of cognitive behavioral therapy, social learning, and relaxation. Based on this review, we offer methodological and clinical suggestions: (1) Research investigations should include adequate sample sizes, long-term follow-up assessments, and a credible, active control group. (2) Standard gastrointestinal practice should include, when appropriate, learning opportunities for patients and family members, for example, instruction regarding the encouragement of wellness behavior. | Rona L Levy Shelby L Langer William E Whitehead | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，17： | 2 |
| 18 | Plasma-catalysis: Is it just a question of scale?显示文摘The issues of describing and understanding the changes in performance that result when a catalyst is placed into plasma are discussed. The different chemical and physical interactions that result and how their combination might produce beneficial results for the plasma-catalytic processing of different gas streams are outlined with particular emphasis being placed on the different range of spatial and temporal scales that must be considered both in experiment and modelling. The focus is on non-thermal plasma where the lack of thermal equilibrium creates a range of temperature scales that must be considered. This contributes in part to a wide range of inhomogeneity in different properties such as species concentrations and electric fields that must be determined experimentally by in situ methods and be incorporated into modelling. It is concluded that plasmacatalysis is best regarded as conventional catalysis perturbed by the presence of a discharge, which modifies its operating conditions, properties and outcomes often in a very localised way. The sometimes used description 'plasma-activated catalysis' is an apt one. | J.Christopher Whitehead | 2019 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2019，13，2： | 2 |
| 19 | State of data platforms for connected vehicles and infrastructures显示文摘The continuing expansion of connected and electro-mobility products and services has led to their ability to rapidly generate very large amounts of data,leading to a demand for effective data management solutions.This is further catalysed through the need for society to make informed policies and decisions that can properly support their emerging growth.While data systems and platforms exist,they are often proprietary,being only compatible to the products that they are designed for.Given the products and services generate energy and spatial-temporal data that can often correlate,a lack of interoperability between these systems would impede decision making,as data from each system must be considered independently.By studying currently available data platforms and frameworks,this paper weighs the problems that these products address,and identifies necessary gaps for a more cohesive platform to exist.This is performed through a top-down approach,whereby broader vehicle-toeverything approaches are first studied,before moving to the components that could comprise a data platform to integrate and ingest these various data feeds.Finally,potential design considerations for a data platform is presented,along with examples of application bene. | Kai Li Lim Jake Whitehead Dongyao Jia Zuduo Zheng | 2021 | Communications in Transportation Research2021，1，1： | 2 |
| 20 | The growth to maturity of lean and fat lines of broiler chickens fed diets of different protein content:body composition,plasma lipoprotein concentration and initial egg production显示文摘 | Whitehead CC | 1990 | Animal Production1990，50，： | 2 |
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