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| 1 | Principles of electromagnetic waves in metasurfaces显示文摘Metasurfaces are artificially structured thin films with unusual properties on demand. Different from metamaterials, the metasurfaces change the electromagnetic waves mainly by exploiting the boundary conditions, rather than the constitutive parameters in three dimensional(3D) spaces. Despite the intrinsic similarities in the operational principles, there is not a universal theory available for the understanding and design of metasurface-based devices. In this article, we propose the concept of metasurface waves(M-waves) and provide a general theory to describe the principles of them. Most importantly, it is shown that the M-waves share some fundamental properties such as extremely short wavelength, abrupt phase change and strong chromatic dispersion, which make them different from traditional bulk waves. It is shown that these properties can enable many important applications such as subwavelength imaging and lithography, planar optical devices, broadband anti-reflection, absorption and polarization conversion. Our results demonstrated unambiguously that traditional laws of diffraction, refraction, reflection and absorption should be revised by using the novel properties of M-waves. The theory provided here may pave the way for the design of new electromagnetic devices and further improvement of metasurfaces. The exotic properties of metasurfaces may also form the foundations for two new sub-disciplines called 'subwavelength surface electromagnetics' and 'subwavelength electromagnetics'. | LUO XianGang | 2015 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2015，58，9： | 35 |
| 2 | Design and fabrication of broadband ultralow reflectivity black Si surfaces by laser micro/nanoprocessing显示文摘Light collection efficiency is an important factor that affects the performance of many optical and optoelectronic devices.In these devices,the high reflectivity of interfaces can hinder efficient light collection.To minimize unwanted reflection,anti-reflection surfaces can be fabricated by micro/nanopatterning.In this paper,we investigate the fabrication of broadband anti-reflection Si surfaces by laser micro/nanoprocessing.Laser direct writing is applied to create microstructures on Si surfaces that reduce light reflection by light trapping.In addition,laser interference lithography and metal assisted chemical etching are adopted to fabricate the Si nanowire arrays.The anti-reflection performance is greatly improved by the high aspect ratio subwavelength structures,which create gradients of refractive index from the ambient air to the substrate.Furthermore,by decoration of the Si nanowires with metallic nanoparticles,surface plasmon resonance can be used to further control the broadband reflections,reducing the reflection to below 1.0%across from 300 to 1200 nm.An average reflection of 0.8%is achieved. | Jing Yang Fangfang Luo Tsung Sheng Kao Xiong Li Ghim Wei Ho Jinghua Teng Xiangang Luo Minghui Hong | 2014 | Light(Science & Applications)2014，3，1： | 17 |
| 3 | Spin-decoupled metasurface for simultaneous detection of spin and orbital angular momenta via momentum transformation显示文摘With inherent orthogonality,both the spin angular momentum(SAM)and orbital angular momentum(OAM)of photons have been utilized to expand the dimensions of quantum information,optical communications,and information processing,wherein simultaneous detection of SAMs and OAMs with a single element and a single-shot measurement is highly anticipated.Here,a single azimuthal-quadratic phase metasurface-based photonic momentum transformation(PMT)is illustrated and utilized for vortex recognition.Since different vortices are converted into focusing patterns with distinct azimuthal coordinates on a transverse plane through PMT,OAMs within a large mode space can be determined through a single-shot measurement.Moreover,spin-controlled dual-functional PMTs are proposed for simultaneous SAM and OAM sorting,which is implemented by a single spin-decoupled metasurface that merges both the geometric phase and dynamic phase.Interestingly,our proposed method can detect vectorial vortices with both phase and polarization singularities,as well as superimposed vortices with a certain interval step.Experimental results obtained at several wavelengths in the visible band exhibit good agreement with the numerical modeling.With the merits of ultracompact device size,simple optical configuration,and prominent vortex recognition ability,our approach may underpin the development of integrated and high-dimensional optical and quantum systems. | Yinghui Guo Shicong Zhang Mingbo Pu Qiong He Jinjin Jin Mingfeng Xu Yaxin Zhang Ping Gao Xiangang Luo | 2021 | Light(Science & Applications)2021，10，4： | 14 |
| 4 | Synthesis of High Purity SiC Powder for High-resistivity SiC Single Crystals Growth显示文摘高纯净硅碳化物(原文如此)粉末被在硅之间的 chemicalreaction 在原处综合,保证 theresulting 的杂质集中原文如此搽粉的碳 powder.In 顺序对高抵抗力的原文如此单个的水晶生长合适, preparationtechnology 原文如此搽粉与的不同原文如此形态学和阶段作文上的形状和 sizeof 碳粒子的 ceramic.The 影响原文如此获得了粉末 werediscussed.The | Li WANG Xiaobu HU Xiangang XU Shouzheng JIANG Lina NING Minhua JIANG | 2007 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2007，23，1： | 13 |
| 5 | A Trusted Attestation Mechanism for the Sensing Nodes of Internet of Things Based on Dynamic Trusted Measurement显示文摘Internet of things has been widely applied to industrial control, smart city and environmental protection, in these application scenarios, sensing node needs to make real-time response to the feedback control of the application layer. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor whether or not awareness nodes are trusted in real time, but the existing mechanisms for trusted certification lack the real-time measurement and tracking of the sensing node. To solve the above problems,this paper proposes a dynamic metric based authentication mechanism for sensing nodes of Internet of things. Firstly, the dynamic trustworthiness measure of the sensing nodes is carried out by introducing the computational function such as the trust function, the trustworthiness risk assessment function, the feedback control function and the active function of the sensing node. The dynamic trustworthiness measure of sensing nodes from multiple dimensions can effectively describe the change of trusted value of sensing nodes. Then, on the basis of this, a trusted attestation based on node trusted measure is realized by using the revocable group signature mechanism of local verifier. The mechanism has anonymity, unforgeability and traceability, which is proved the security in the standard model. Simulationexperiments show that the proposed trusted attestation mechanism is flexible, practical and efficient and has better attack resistance. It can effectively guarantee the reliable data transmission of nodes and realize the dynamic tracking of node reliability, which has a lower impact on system performance. | Bei Gong Yubo Wang Xiangang Liu Fazhi Qi Zhihui Sun | 2018 | China Communications2018，15，2： | 10 |
| 6 | Symmetry breaking of photonic spin-orbit interactions in metasurfaces显示文摘Spin-orbit optical phenomena pertain to the wider class of electromagnetic effects originating from the interaction of the photon spin with the spatial structure and propagation characteristics of an optical wave,mediated by suitable optical media.There are many emerging photonic applications of spin-orbit interactions(SOI)of light,such as control of the optical wave propagation via the spin,enhanced optical manipulation,and generation of structured optical fields.Unfortunately,current applications are based on symmetric SOI,that is,the behaviours of polarized photons with two opposite spins are opposite,leading to the limit of spin-based multiplexers.The symmetry of SOI can be broken in our proposed metasurfaces,consisting of spatially varying birefringence,which can arbitrarily and independently build SOI for two opposite spins without reduction of optical energy usage.We obtain three kinds of dual-functional metasurfaces at visible and infrared wavelengths with high efficiency.Our concept of generation of asymmetric SOI for two spins,using anisotropic metasurfaces,will open new degrees of freedoms for building new types of spin-controlled multifunctional shared-aperture devices for the generation of complex structured optical fields. | Fei Zhang Mingbo Pu Jun Luo Honglin Yu Xiangang Luo | 2017 | 光电工程2017，44，3： | 8 |
| 7 | Off-axis multi-wavelength dispersion controllingmetalens for multi-color imaging显示文摘Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex and needs to trade off other aberration in traditional ways.Although metasurface offers an effective method to overcome these limits and results in well-engineered dispersion,off-axis dispersion control is still a challenging topic.In this paper,we design a single-layer metalens which is capable of focusing at three wavelengths(473 nm,532 nm,and 632 nm)with different incident angles(0°,-17°and 17°)into the same point.We also demonstrate that this metalens can provide an alternative for the bulky color synthetic prism in a 3-chips digital micromirror device(DMD)laser projection system.Through this approach,various off-axis dispersion controlling optical devices could be realized. | Kaihua Dou Xin Xie Mingbo Pu Xiong Li Xiaoliang Ma Changtao Wang Xiangang Luo | 2020 | Opto-Electronic Advances2020，3，4： | 7 |
| 8 | Crosstalk-free achromatic full Stokes imaging polarimetry metasurface enabled by polarization-dependent phase optimization显示文摘Imaging polarimetry is one of the most widely used analytical technologies for object detection and analysis.To date,most metasurface-based polarimetry techniques are severely limited by narrow operating bandwidths and inevitable crosstalk,leading to detrimental effects on imaging quality and measurement accuracy.Here,we propose a crosstalkfree broadband achromatic full Stokes imaging polarimeter consisting of polarization-sensitive dielectric metalenses,implemented by the principle of polarization-dependent phase optimization.Compared with the single-polarization optimization method,the average crosstalk has been reduced over three times under incident light with arbitrary polarization ranging from 9μm to 12μm,which guarantees the measurement of the polarization state more precisely.The experimental results indicate that the designed polarization-sensitive metalenses can effectively eliminate the chromatic aberration with polarization selectivity and negligible crosstalk.The measured average relative errors are 7.08%,8.62%,7.15%,and 7.59%at 9.3,9.6,10.3,and 10.6μm,respectively.Simultaneously,the broadband full polarization imaging capability of the device is also verified.This work is expected to have potential applications in wavefront detection,remote sensing,light-field imaging,and so forth. | Yaxin Zhang Mingbo Pu Jinjin Jin Xinjian Lu Yinghui Guo Jixiang Cai Fei Zhang Yingli Ha Qiong He Mingfeng Xu Xiong Li Xiaoliang Ma Xiangang Luo | 2022 | Opto-Electronic Advances2022，5，11： | 6 |
| 9 | A draft sequence of the rice (Oryza sativa ssp. indica) genome显示文摘The sequence of the rice genome holds fundamental information for its biology, including physiology, genetics, development, and evolution, as well as information on many beneficial phenotypes of economic significance. Using a 'whole genome shotgun' approach, we have pro-duced a draft rice genome sequence of Oryza sativa ssp. in-dica, the major crop rice subspecies in China and many other regions of Asia. The draft genome sequence is constructed from over 4.3 million successful sequencing traces with an accumulative total length of 2214.9 Mb. The initial assembly of the non-redundant sequences reached 409.76 Mb in length, based on 3.30 million successful sequencing traces with a total length of 1797.4 Mb from an indica variant cultivar 93-11, giving an estimated coverage of 95.29% of the rice genome with an average base accuracy of higher than 99%. The coverage of the draft sequence, the randomness of the sequence distribution, and the consistency of BIG-ASSEM-BLER, a custom-designed software package | YU Jun, HU Songnian, WANG Jun,LI Songgang WONG Ka-Shu Gane, LIU Bin,DENG Yajun, DAI Li, ZHOU Yan,ZHANG Xiuqing, CAO Mengliang, LIU Jing,SUN Jiandong , TANG Jiabin, CHEN Yanjiong,HUANG Xiaobing, LIN Wei, YE Chen, TONG Wei,CONG Lijuan, GENG Jianing, HAN Yujun, LI Lin,LI Wei, HU Guangqiang, HUANG Xiangang,LI Wenjie, LI Jian, LIU Zhanwei, LI Long,LIU Jianping, Ql Qiuhui, LIU Jinsong, LI Li,WANG Xuegang, LU Hong, WU Tingling,ZHU Miao, Nl Peixiang, HAN Hua, DONG Wei,REN Xiaoyu, FENG Xiaoli, GUI Peng,LI Xianran, WANG Hao, XU Xin, ZHAI Wenxue,XU Zhao, ZHANG Jinsong, HE Sijie,ZHANG Jianguo, XU Jichen, ZHANG Kunlin,ZHENG Xianwu, DONG Jianhai, ZENG Wanyong,TAO Lin, CHEN Xuewei, HE Jun, LIU Daofeng,TIAN Wei, TIAN Chaoguang, XIA Hongai,LI Gang, GAO Hui, LI Ping, CHEN Wei ,WANG Xudong, ZHANG Yong, HU Jianfei,WANG Jing, LIU Song, YANG Jian,ZHANG Guangyu, XIONG Yuqing, LI Zhijie,MAO Long, ZHOU Chengshu, ZHU Zhen,CHEN Runsheng, HAO Bailin,ZHENG Weimou, CHEN Shouyi, QUO Wei,LI Guojie, LIU Siqi, HUANG Guyang,TAO Ming, WANG Jian, ZHU Lihuang,YUAN Longping& YANG HuanmingBeijing Genomics Institute/Center of Genomics & Bioinformatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China Hangzhou Genomics Institute/Institute of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang University/Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, China Institute of Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China National Hybrid Rice R & D Center, Changsha 410125, China Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1Q0080, China Digital China Ltd., Beijing 100080, China Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China Medical College, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaThese authors contributed equally to this work.Corresponding author.Corresponden | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，23： | 6 |
| 10 | All‐metallic wide‐angle metasurfaces for multifunctional polarization manipulation显示文摘Optical camouflage is a magical capability of animals as first noticed in 1794 by Erasmus Darwin in Zoonomia,but current biomimetic camouflage strategies cannot be readily applied in complex environments involving multispectral and in particular multi-polarization detection.Here we develop a plasmonic approach toward broadband infrared polarimetric crypsis,where the polarized thermal emission near the pseudo-Brewster angle is the main signal source and no existing polarizing camouflage technique has been discovered in nature.Based on all-metallic subwavelength structures,an electrodynamic resistance-reduction mechanism is proposed to avoid the significant polarization-dependent infrared absorption/radiation.It is also found that the structured metal surface presents giant extrinsic anisotropy regarding the phase shift between orthogonal polarization states,which helps to realize ultrahigh-efficiency and tunable polarization conversion in an unprecedented manner.Finally,we note that the catenary optical theory may provide a useful means to explain and predict these unusual performances. | Xiaoliang Ma Mingbo Pu Xiong Li Yinghui Guo Xiangang Luo | 2019 | Opto-Electronic Advances2019，2，3： | 6 |
| 11 | Late Cenozoic Stratigraphy and Paleomagnetic Chronology of the Zanda Basin,Tibet, and Records of the Uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘摘要:特征近来新生代构造 Qinghai 西藏高原的南部的边缘高举可以在 Zanda 盆从 fluvio 湖的阶层被推断, Ngari,西藏。在盆的厚fluvio湖的阶层是老的 5.890.78 妈并且他们的免职为 5.11 妈坚持了的 Magnetostratigraphic 学习表演,即在结束开始在早更新世的结束中新世、结束,在比 1.58 妈没有迟了的区域以第四级的冰川的阶段开始。沉积环境的分析显示高原开始了的南部的 Qinghai 西藏上的 Zanda 盆在 5.89 妈,高举比北 Qinghai 西藏高原迟了。在 Guge 和 Qangz | MENG Xiangang ZHU Dagang SHAO Zhaogang YANG Chaobin HAN Jianen YU Jia MENG Qingwei LU Rongping | 2008 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2008，82，1： | 6 |
| 12 | Molecular characteristics and evolutionary analysis of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus显示文摘Infectious bursal disease virus(IBDV) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry. Viral protein 2(VP2), the major structural protein of IBDV, has been subjected to frequent mutations that have imparted tremendous genetic diversity to the virus. To determine how amino acid mutations may affect the virulence of IBDV, we built a structural model of VP2 of a very virulent strain of IBDV identified in China, vv IBDV Gx, and performed a molecular dynamics simulation of the interaction between virulence sites. The study showed that the amino acid substitutions that distinguish vv IBDV from attenuated IBDV(H253Q and T284A) favor a hydrophobic and flexible conformation of ?-barrel loops in VP2, which could promote interactions between the virus and potential IBDV-specific receptors. Population sequence analysis revealed that the IBDV strains prevalent in East Asia show a significant signal of positive selection at virulence sites 253 and 284. In addition, a signal of co-evolution between sites 253 and 284 was identified. These results suggest that changes in the virulence of IBDV may result from both the interaction and the co-evolution of multiple amino acid substitutions at virulence sites. | LI Zan QI XiaoLe REN XianGang CUI Lei WANG XiaoMei ZHU Ping | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，8： | 6 |
| 13 | Tunable near-infrared plasmonic perfect absorber based on phase-change materials显示文摘A tunable plasmonic perfect absorber with a tuning range of 650 nm is realized by introducing a 20 nm thick phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 layer into the metal–dielectric–metal configuration.The absorption at the plasmonic resonance is kept above 0.96 across the whole tuning range.In this work we study this extraordinary optical response numerically and reveal the geometric conditions which support this phenomenon.This work shows a promising route to achieve tunable plasmonic devices for multi-band optical modulation,communication,and thermal imaging. | Yiguo Chen Xiong Li Xiangang Luo Stefan AMaier Minghui Hong | 2015 | Photonics Research2015，3，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Fault activity characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake显示文摘Fault deformation characteristics in the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake are investigated through time-series and structural geological analysis based on cross-fault observation data from the Qilian Mountaine Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt. The results indicate: 1) Group short-term abnormal variations appeared in the Qilian Mountaine Haiyuan Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt before the Menyuan Ms6.4 earthquake. 2) More medium and short-term anomalies appear in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Mountain Fault belt and the West Qinling Fault belt, suggesting that the faults' activities are strong in these areas. The faults' activities in the middle-eastern segment of the Qilian Fault belt result from extensional stress, as before the earthquake, whereas those in the West Qinling Fault belt are mainly compressional. 3) In recent years, moderate-strong earthquakes occurred in both the Kunlun Mountain and the Qilian Mountain Fault belts, and some energy was released. It is possible that the seismicity moved eastward under this regime. Therefore, we should pay attention to the West Qinling Mountain area where an Ms6-7 earthquake could occur in future. | Dongzhuo Xu Chuanbao Zhu Xiangang Meng Yuan Li Qikai Sun Ke Zhang | 2016 | Geodesy and Geodynamics2016，7，4： | 5 |
| 15 | Effect of Ca promoter on LPG synthesis from syngas over hybrid catalyst显示文摘Direct synthesis of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from syngas was carried out over hybrid catalyst consisting of methanol synthesis catalyst and Y zeolite modified with Pd and Ca by different methods. The decrease of CO conversion was mostly attributable to the sintering of Cu in methanol synthesis catalyst. On the other hand, coke deposition on the Y zeolite was the main reason for the decrease of LPG selectivity. The introduction of Ca decreased the strong acid sites of Y zeolite, suppressed coke formation, and thus improved the stability of hybrid catalyst. | Xiangang Ma Qingjie Ge Chuanyan Fang Hengyong Xu | 2012 | Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry2012，21，6： | 5 |
| 16 | Fine Machining of Large-Diameter 6H-SiC Wafers显示文摘大直径的 6H-SiC 晶片的三主要用机器制造进程在这篇论文被介绍。这些过程包括切,舔并且擦亮。舔的原因伟人剩余压力和能与随后的擦亮的过程逐渐地被减少的深损坏层。机械擦亮准备的表面(MP ) 出现了有 5-8 nm 的深度的很多擦伤。这些擦伤能被 chemo-mechanicalpolishing (CMP ) 有效地移开。在 CMP 以后,有粗糙 R_a=0.3 nmwas 的极其光滑、低的损坏层表面获得了。原子力量显微镜学(AFM ) 和光显微镜学被用来观察到样品和高分辨率 X 光检查衍射计(HRXRD ) 的表面形态学被用于表面下的区域的水晶格子完美。表面剩余压力的变化被 HRXRD 在用机器制造过程期间调查。 | Xiufang CHEN Juan LI Deying MA Xiaobo HU Xiangang XU Minhua JIANG | 2006 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2006，22，5： | 4 |
| 17 | Clinical application of a novel sliver nanoparticles biosensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance for detecting the microalbuminuria显示文摘以便基于局部性的表面电浆子回声(LSPR ) 探索 nanobiosensor 的临床的申请,我们使用了我们的 LSPR 生物传感器在这个工作检测 microalbuminuria。裂片 nanoparticles 被使用 nanosphere 平版印刷术制作。反人的白朊抗体被联合方法的胺在传感器表面上使不能调动。在从三个温和 preeclampsia 病人的尿样品的商业白朊和白朊的不同集中根据 LSPR 扑灭系列的山峰被决定。在最佳条件下面,我们的结果证明生物传感器显示了 1 ng/ml 的察觉限制和 1 ng/ml 的宽动态范围到 1 g/ml。而且,三个病人的 microalbuminuria 被我们的生物传感器在一短试金时间以内决定,没有样品纯化。此处建议的这个生物传感器是容易的准备并且能被用于便宜、快速、没有标签、敏感 microalbuminuria 屏蔽。这条途径为开发临床的诊断应用程序提供一个有希望的平台。 | Ting Lai Qiannan Hou Huan Yang Xiangang Luo Mingrong Xi | 2010 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2010，42，11： | 4 |
| 18 | Surface Polishing of 6H-SiC Substrates显示文摘为硅碳化物擦亮的表面(原文如此)底层被调查 andresults 为机械擦亮被介绍( MP )并且chemo机械的擦亮( CMP ) .High qualitysurfaces 在 CMP 期间在物理的 MP anddetailed 和化学过程与擦伤的胶体的 silica.The 移动机制在 CMP 以后被获得是 MP 和 CMP 的 analyzed.The 效果在 thesurface 上,粗糙被光显微镜学( OM )估计,原子力量显微镜学( AFM )和高分辨率 | Xiufang CHEN Xiangang XU Juan LI Shouzhen JIANG Lina NING Yingmin WANG Deying MA Xiaobo HU Minhua JIANG | 2007 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2007，23，3： | 4 |
| 19 | Tailoring active color rendering and multiband photodetection in a vanadium-dioxide-based metamaterial absorber显示文摘Metamaterials have demonstrated exotic electromagnetic properties, which offer a good platform for realizing light absorption, photodetection, filtering, and so on. However, broadband multifunctional metamaterial absorbers are restricted in cascaded structures. Here, broadband multifunctional properties were realized by introducing vanadium dioxide into a metamaterial absorber. Through the modified design and highly efficient utilization of multiple resonant modes, both plasmonic tunable color filters and near-infrared photodetectors can be simultaneously achieved by this construction. Meanwhile, active color and a photodetection band in the near-infrared range can become tunable with the insulating–metallic transition of vanadium dioxide. Thus, the variations of rendering colors could correspondingly indicate shifts of the near-infrared photodetection bands. This method theoretically confirms the feasibility of designing multifunctional devices via a vanadium-dioxide-based metamaterial absorber, which holds great promise for future versatile utilization of multiple physical mechanisms to achieve numerous functionalities in a simple nanostructure or device. | SHICHAO SONG XIAOLIANG MA MINGBO PU XIONG LI YINGHUI GUO PING GAO XIANGANG LUO | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，6： | 4 |
| 20 | Cloned goats (Gapra hircus) from foetal fibroblast cell lines显示文摘Mammalian cloning has been one of the most active research topics in the world. Cioning with in vitro culured foetal fibroblast cells, in comparison with embryonic cells, can be used not only to theoretically study the embryonic or cellular development and differentiation in mammals, but also to utilize the unlimited fibroblast cells to produce large numbers of clonings. The preliminary results are as follows: (i) The division and development of the cloned embryos with embryonic donor cells and goat foetal fibroblast donor cells were 55%, 77% and 35%, 31%, respectively. There is no significant statistical difference between them. (? These studies result in the birth of two cloned goats derived from two 30-day foetal fibroblast celi lines, which are the first cloned mammals from somatic cells in China. This project has established a technological data base for the furture research on adult mammalian somatic cloning and nucleocytoplasmic interactions in animal development, and a novel technique for the | WANG Yuge ZOU Xiangang LIU Jie ZHANG Jingpu ZHANG Xuechen LAO Weide DU Miao CHENG Guoxing CHENG Yong CHEN Jianquan ZHANG Suolin XU Shaofu | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，1： | 4 |
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