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| 1 | The effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C_6 to C_7 light hydrocarbons in crude oils: a case study from Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin,NW China显示文摘Light hydrocarbons(LHs) are one of the main petroleum fractions in crude oils, and carry much information regarding the genetic origin and alteration of crude oils. But secondary alterations—especially biodegradation—have a significant effect on the composition of LHs in crude oils. Because most of the LHs affected in oils underwent only slight biodegradation(rank 1 on the biodegradation scale), the variation of LHs can be used to describe more the refined features of biodegradation. Here,23 crude oils from the Dawanqi Oilfield in the Tarim Basin, NW China, eleven of which have been biodegraded to different extents, were analyzed in order to investigate the effect of slight to minor biodegradation on C_6–C_7 LHs.The study results showed that biodegradation resulted in the prior depletion of straight-chained alkanes, followed by branched alkanes. In slight and minor biodegraded oils,such biodegradation scale could not sufficiently affect C_6–C_7cycloalkanes. For branched C_6–C_7 alkanes, generally,monomethylalkanes are biodegraded earlier than dimethylalkanes and trimethylalkanes, which indicates that branched alkanes are more resistant to biodegradation, with the increase of substituted methyl groups on parent rings.The degree of alkylation is one of the primary controlling factors on the biodegradation of C_6–C_7 LHs. There is a particular case: although 2,2,3-trimethylbutane has a relative higher alkylation degree, 2,2-dimethylpentane is more resistant to biodegradation than 2,2,3-trimethylbutane. 2,2-Dimethylpentane is the most resistant to biodegradation in branched C_6–C_7 alkanes. Furthermore, the 2-methylpentane/3-methylpentane and 2-methylhexane/3-methylhexane ratios decreased steadily with increasing biodegradation,which implies that isomers of bilateral methyl groups are more prone to bacterial attack relative to mid-chain isomers. The position of the alkyls on the carbon skeleton is also one of the critical factors controlling the rate of biodegradation. With increasing biodegradation, Mango's LH parameters K1 values decrease and K2 values increase,the values of n-heptane and isoheptane decrease, and the indices of methylcyclohexane and cyclohexane increase.LH parameters should be applied cautiously for the biodegraded oils. Because biodegraded samples belong to slight or minor biodegraded oils, the values of n-heptane and isoheptane from Dawanqi Oilfield can better reflect and determine the ‘‘Biodegraded'' zone. When the heptane value is 0–21 and the isoheptane value is 0–2.6, the crude oil in Dawanqi Oilfield is defined as the ‘‘Biodegraded'' zone. | Lu Yang Chunming Zhang Meijun Li Jing Zhao Xuening Qi Jinxiu Du | 2016 | Acta Geochimica2016，35，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Low organic matter abundance and highly efficient hydrocarbon generation of saline source rock in the Qaidam Basin,NW China显示文摘The geochemical analysis and experimental simulation are comprehensively used to systematically study the hydrocarbon generation material,organic matter enrichment and hydrocarbon generation model of Paleogene source rock in the Western Qaidam Depression,Qaidam Basin,NW China.Three main factors result in low TOC values of saline lacustrine source rock of the Qaidam Basin:relatively poor nutrient supply inhibits the algal bloom,too fast deposition rate causes the dilution of organic matter,and high organic matter conversion efficiency causes the low residual organic carbon.For this type of hydrogen-rich organic matter,due to the reduction of organic carbon during hydrocarbon generation,TOC needs to be restored based on maturity before evaluating organic matter abundance.The hydrocarbon generation of saline lacustrine source rocks of the Qaidam Basin is from two parts:soluble organic matter and insoluble organic matter.The soluble organic matter is inherited from organisms and preserved in saline lacustrine basins.It generates hydrocarbons during low-maturity stage,and the formed hydrocarbons are rich in complex compounds such as NOS,and undergo secondary cracking to form light components in the later stage;the hydrocarbon generation model of insoluble organic matter conforms to the traditional“Tissot”model,with an oil generation peak corresponding to Ro of 1.0%. | LI Guoxin ZHANG Bin WU Kunyu WU Songtao WANG Xiaomei ZHANG Jing QI Xuening ZHANG Na XING Haoting XIAN Chenggang LIU He | 2023 | Petroleum Exploration and Development2023，50，5： | 0 |
| 3 | TaRLK-6A promotes Fusarium crown rot resistance in wheat显示文摘Fusariumcrown rot(FCR),mainly caused by the soil‐borne fungus Fusarium pseudograminearum,is a devastatingdisease of wheat(Triticum aestivum(Ta)).Fusariumcrown rotcauses substantial yield losses and generates mycotoxins inwheat grains that can cause serious health problems in hu-mans and livestock(Powell et al.,2017).Identifying genes thatprovide resistance toF.pseudograminearumand character-izing the molecular mechanisms underlying such resistance arekey to breeding wheat varieties that are resistant to this dev-astating fungus. | Haijun Qi Xiuliang Zhu Wenbiao Shen Xia Yang Chaozhong Zhang Genying Li Feng Chen Xuening Wei Zengyan Zhang | 2024 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2024，66，1： | 0 |
| 4 | High-throughput genome editing in rice with a virus-based surrogate system显示文摘With the widespread use of clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease(Cas) technologies in plants, large-scale genome editing is increasingly needed. Here, we developed a geminivirus-mediated surrogate system, called Wheat Dwarf Virus-Gate(WDV-surrogate), to facilitate high-throughput genome editing.WDV-Gate has two parts: one is the recipient callus from a transgenic rice line expressing Cas9 and a mutated hygromycin-resistant gene(HygM) for surrogate selection;the other is a WDV-based construct expressing two single guide RNAs(sgRNAs) targeting HygM and a gene of interest, respectively. We evaluated WDV-Gate on six rice loci by producing a total of 874 T_0 plants. Compared with the conventional method, the WDV-Gate system, which was characterized by a transient and high level of sgRNA expression, significantly increased editing frequency(66.8% vs. 90.1%), plantlet regeneration efficiency(2.31-fold increase), and numbers of homozygous-edited plants(36.3%vs. 70.7%). Large-scale editing using pooled sg RNAs targeting the SLR1 gene resulted in a high editing frequency of 94.4%, further demonstrating its feasibility. We also tested WDVGate on sequence knock-in for protein tagging.By co-delivering a chemically modified donor DNA with the WDV-Gate plasmid, 3xFLAG peptides were successfully fused to three loci with an efficiency of up to 13%. Thus, by combining transiently expressed sgRNAs and a surrogate selection system, WDV-Gate could be useful for high-throughput gene knock-out and sequence knock-in. | Yifu Tian Dating Zhong Xinbo Li Rundong Shen Han Han Yuqin Dai Qi Yao Xuening Zhang Qi Deng Xuesong Cao Jian-Kang Zhu Yuming Lu | 2023 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2023，65，3： | 0 |
| 5 | SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response characteristics in COVID-19 patients of different ages显示文摘Age has been found to be one of the main risk factors for the severity and outcome of COVID-19.However,differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody responses among COVID-19 patients of different age groups remain largely unknown.In this study,we analyzed the IgG/IgM responses to 21 SARS-CoV-2 proteins and 197 peptides that fully cover the spike protein against 731 sera collected from 731 COVID-19 patients aged from 1 to 92 years.We show that there is no overall difference in SARS-CoV-2 antibody responses in COVID-19 patients in the 4 age groups.By antibody response landscape maps,we find that the IgG response profiles of SARS-CoV-2 proteins are positively correlated with age.The S protein linear epitope map shows that the immunogenicity of the S-protein peptides is related to peptide sequence,disease severity and age of the COVID-19 patients.Furthermore,the enrichment analysis indicates that low S1 IgG responses are enriched in patients aged<50 and high S1 IgG responses are enriched in mild COVID-19 patients aged>60.In addition,high responses of non-structural/accessory proteins are enriched in severe COVID-19 patients aged>70.These results suggest the distinct immune response of IgG/IgM to each SARS-CoV-2 protein in patients of different age,which may facilitate a deeper understanding of the immune responses in COVID-19 patients. | Linfang Lu Siqi Yu Min Liu Yang Li Qing Lei Mingxi Lin Danyun Lai Shujuan Guo Hewei Jiang Hongyan Hou Yunxiao Zheng Xuening Wang Mingliang Ma Bo Zhang Hong Chen Junbiao Xue Hainan Zhang Huan Qi Ziyong Sun Feng Wang Xionglin Fan Zhaowei Xu | 2022 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2022，54，4： | 0 |
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