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| 1 | Delayed sowing can increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency in winter wheat显示文摘Lodging resistance of winter wheat(Trnticum aestivum L.) can be increased by late sowing.However, whether grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) can be maintained with delayed sowing remains unknown. During the 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 growing seasons, two winter wheat cultivars were sown on three dates(early sowing on October 1, normal so,wing on October8, and late sowing on October 15) to investigate the responses of lodging resistance, grain yield,and NUE to sowing date. No significant differences in lodging resistance, grain yield, or NUE between early and normal sowing were observed. Averaging over the two cultivars and years,postponing the sowing date significantly increased lodging resistance by 53.6% and 49.6%compared with that following early and normal sowing, respectively. Lodging resistance was improved mainly through a reduction in the culm height at the center of gravity and an increase in the tensile strength of the base internode. Late sowing resulted in similar grain yield as well as kernel weight and number of kernels per square meter, compared to early and normal sowing.Averaging over the two cultivars and years, delayed sowing resulted in a reduction in nitrogen uptake efficiency(UPE) by 11.0% and 9.9% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively,owing to reduced root length density and dry matter accumulation before anthesis. An average increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency(UTE) of 12.9% and 11.2% compared to early and normal sowing, respectively, was observed with late sowing owing to a reduction in the grain nitrogen concentration. The increase in UTE offset the reduction in UPE, resulting in equal NUEs among all sowing dates. Thus, sowing later than normal could increase lodging resistance while maintaining grain yield and NUE. | Xinglong Dai Yuechao Wang Xiuchun Dong Taifeng Qian Lijun Yin Shuxin Dong Jinpeng Chu Mingrong He | 2017 | The Crop Journal2017，5，6： | 21 |
| 2 | Experimental investigations on the heat transfer characteristics of micro heat pipe array applied to flat plate solar collector显示文摘This paper introduces a novel flat plate solar collector(FPC) using micro heat pipe array(MHPA) as a key element.To analyze the thermal transfer behavior of flat plate solar collector with micro heat pipe array(MHPA-FPC),an indoor experiment for thermal transfer characteristic of MHPA applied to FPC was conducted by using an electrical heating film to simulate the solar radiation.Different cooling water flow rates,cooling water temperatures,slopes,and contact thermal resistances between the condenser of MHPA and the heat exchanger were tested at different heating powers.The experimental results indicate that MHPA-FPC exhibits the enhanced heat transfer capability with increased cooling water flow rate and temperature.Total thermal resistance has a maximum decline of approximately 10% when the flow rate increases from 180 to 360 L h 1 and 38% when the cooling water temperature increases from 20℃ to 40℃.When the inclination angle of MHPA-FPC exceeds 30°,the slope change has a negligible effect on the heat transfer performance of MHPA-FPC.In addition,contact thermal resistance significantly affects the heat transfer capability of MHPA-FPC.The total thermal resistances lowers to nearly half of the original level when contact material between the condenser of MHPA and the heat exchanger changes from conductive silicone to conductive grease.These results could provide useful information for the optimal design and operation of MHPA-FPC. | DENG YueChao QUAN ZhenHua ZHAO YaoHua WANG LinCheng | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，5： | 17 |
| 3 | Atomic force microscopy imaging and mechanical properties measurement of red blood cells and aggressive cancer cells显示文摘Mechanical properties play an important role in regulating cellular activities and are critical for unlocking the mysteries of life. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) enables researchers to measure mechanical properties of single living cells under physiological conditions. Here, AFM was used to investigate the topography and mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs) and three types of aggressive cancer cells (Burkitt's lymphoma Raji, cutaneous lymphoma Hut, and chronic myeloid leukemia K562). The surface topography of the RBCs and the three cancer cells was mapped with a conventional AFM probe, while mechanical properties were investigated with a microsphere glued onto a tip-less cantilever. The diameters of RBCs are significantly smaller than those of the cancer cells, and mechanical measurements indicated that Young's modulus of RBCs is smaller than those of the cancer cells. Aggressive cancer cells have a lower Young's modulus than that of indolent cancer cells, which may improve our understanding of metastasis. | LI Mi LIU LianQing XI Ning WANG YueChao DONG ZaiLi XIAO XiuBin ZHANG WeiJing | 2012 | Science China(Life Sciences)2012，55，11： | 16 |
| 4 | Development and Future Challenges of Bio-Syncretic Robots显示文摘 | Chuang Zhang Wenxue Wang Ning Xi Yuechao Wang Lianqing Liu | 2018 | Engineering2018，4，4： | 10 |
| 5 | Evaluation methods for the autonomy of unmanned systems显示文摘Future military and civilian unmanned systems will be extensively used on land,under the sea,in air,and in space.Evaluation of their autonomy is critical to realize the autonomous operation ability of unmanned systems.This paper discussed the basic concepts of autonomy and the significance of autonomy evaluation,and then surveys and describes existing evaluating methods.Based on analyses of key technologies and these technologies' technical readiness levels,a cobweb evaluation model as a universal evaluation model has been used to evaluate unmanned systems.If the technology warps(aspects of autonomy) and wefts(levels of those aspects) of unmanned systems can be determined for the cobweb model,the model can handle the mutual coupling,high dimensions,and diversity of warp lines.This model potentially has wide application in evaluating various unmanned systems. | WANG YueChao Liu JinGuo | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，26： | 9 |
| 6 | Research progress in quantifying the mechanical properties of single living cells using atomic force microscopy显示文摘The advent of atomic force microscopy(AFM)provides a powerful tool for investigating the behaviors of single living cells under near physiological conditions.Besides acquiring the images of cellular ultra-microstructures with nanometer resolution,the most remarkable advances are achieved on the use of AFM indenting technique to quantify the mechanical properties of single living cells.By indenting single living cells with AFM tip,we can obtain the mechanical properties of cells and monitor their dynamic changes during the biological processes(e.g.,after the stimulation of drugs).AFM indentation-based mechanical analysis of single cells provides a novel approach to characterize the behaviors of cells from the perspective of biomechanics,considerably complementing the traditional biological experimental methods.Now,AFM indentation technique has been widely used in the life sciences,yielding a large amount of novel information that is meaningful to our understanding of the underlying mechanisms that govern the cellular biological functions.Here,based on the authors’own researches on AFM measurement of cellular mechanical properties,the principle and method of AFM indentation technique was presented,the recent progress of measuring the cellular mechanical properties using AFM was summarized,and the challenges of AFM single-cell nanomechanical analysis were discussed. | Mi Li Lianqing Liu Ning Xi Yuechao Wang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，31： | 8 |
| 7 | Advances in atomic force microscopy for single-cell analysis显示文摘Single-cell analysis has been considered as a promising way to uncover the underlying mechanisms guiding the mysteries of life activities, which con siderably complements traditio nal en semble assays and yields novel in sights into cell biology. The adve nt of atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides a potent tool for investigati ng the structures and properties of n ative biological samples at the micro/na no scale un der near-physiological conditions, which promotes the studies of single-cell behaviors. In the past decades, AFM has achieved great success in single-cell observation and manipulation for biomedical applications, demonstrating the excellent capabilities of AFM in addressing biological issues at the single-cell level with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. In this article, we review the recent advances in single-cell analysis that has been made with the utilization of AFM, and provide perspectives for future progression. | Mi Li Ning Xi Yuechao Wang Lianqing Liu | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，4： | 8 |
| 8 | ANALYSIS OF TIPOVER STABILITY FOR NOVEL SHAPE SHIFTING MODULAR ROBOT显示文摘一个新奇三模块的机器人被介绍了。适应不平的地面并且在稳定性上改进它的尖端能改变它的配置。这个 three-moduletracked 机器人有三种对称配置。他们是线类型,三角类型,和排类型。在因素和活动机器人在问题上的尖端的反措施被分析以后,在稳定性索引上的稳定性金字塔和尖端被建议到全球性确定的 mobilerobot 的静态的稳定性和动态稳定性。转移机器人的形状被这种技术在模拟在沥青的联合骚乱下面测试,滚动并且偏航。模拟结果证明这种技术为活动机器人在稳定性上的尖端的分析是有效的,特别为可计算的交换子或转移模块化的机器人的形状。三种对称配置的实验在未组织的环境下面被做。环境实验显示出象三角类型配置有的模拟的一样的结果最好的稳定性。模拟和实验为交换子提供有效引用可计算的机器人的潜在的应用程序。 | LIU Jinguo WANG Yuechao MA Shugen LI Bin | 2006 | Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2006，19，2： | 8 |
| 9 | Single-trial decoding of imagined grip force parameters involving the right or left hand based on movement-related cortical potentials显示文摘Time–domain feature representation for imagined grip force movement-related cortical potentials(MRCP)of the right or left hand and the decoding of imagined grip force parameters based on electroencephalogram(EEG)activity recorded during a single trial were here investigated.EEG signals were acquired from eleven healthy subjects during four different imagined tasks performed with the right or left hand.Subjects were instructed to execute imagined grip movement at two different levels of force.Each task was executed 60 times in random order.The imagined grip force MRCP of the right or left hand was analyzed by superposition and averaging technology,a single-trial extraction method,analysis of variance(ANOVA),and multiple comparisons.Significantly different features were observed among different imagined grip force tasks.These differences were used to decode imagined grip force parameters using Fisher linear discrimination analysis based on kernel function(k-FLDA)and support vector machine(SVM).Under the proposed experimental paradigm,the study showed that MRCP may characterize the dynamic processing that takes place in the brain during the planning,execution,and precision of a given imagined grip force task.This means that features related to MRCP can be used to decode imagined grip force parameters based on EEG.ANOVA and multiple comparisons of time–domain features for MRCP showed that movement-monitoring potentials(MMP)and specific interval(0–150 ms)average potentials to be significantly different among 4 different imagined grip force tasks.The minimum peak negativity differed significantly between high and low amplitude grip force.Identification of the 4different imagined grip force tasks based on MMP was performed using k-FLDA and SVM,and the average misclassification rates of 27%±5%and 24%±4%across 11 subjects were achieved respectively.The minimum misclassification rate was 15%,and the average minimum misclassification rate across 11 subjects was24%±4.5%.This investigation indicates that imagined grip force MRCP may encode imagined grip force parameters.Single-trial decoding of imagined grip force parameters based on MRCP may be feasible.The study may provide some additional and fine control instructions for brain–computer interfaces. | Yunfa Fu Baolei Xu Yongcheng Li Yuechao Wang Zhengtao Yu Hongyi Li | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，16： | 8 |
| 10 | Analysis of the constraint relation between ground and self-adaptive mobile mechanism of a transformable wheel-track robot显示文摘To maneuver in unstructured terrains where the ground might be soft, hard, flat or rough, a transformable wheel-track robot (NEZA-I) with a self-adaptive mobile mechanism is proposed and developed. The robot consists of a control system unit, two symmetric transformable wheel-track (TWT) units, and a rear-wheel unit. The TWT unit is the main mobile mechanism for the NEZA-I robot, with the rear-wheel unit acting as an assistant mechanism. Driven only by one servomotor, each TWT unit can efficiently select between track mode and wheel mode for optimal locomotion, autonomously switching locomotion mode and track configuration with changes in the terrain. In this paper, the mechanism structure, the self-adaptive drive system, the locomotion mode and posture of the NEZA-I robot are presented, the kinematic relation of the inside parts of the TWT unit is analysed, and the mathematic model of the constraint relation between the mobile mechanism and the ground, abbreviated to 'MGCR model' is set up for the NEZA-I robot to go through some typical unstructured environments. The mechanism parameters, which influence the self-adaptability of the NEZA-I robot, are found and optimized. Basic experiments show that the mobile mechanism has the self-adaptability to navigate in unstructured terrains and has superior obstacle-negotiating performance, and that the MGCR model and the analysis method of mechanism parameters are reasonable. From a mechanism point of view, it can provide an idea for research on the adaptive control of the robot. | LI ZhiQing MA ShuGen LI Bin WANG MingHui WANG YueChao | 2011 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2011，54，3： | 7 |
| 11 | Center-configuration selection technique for the reconfigurable modular robot显示文摘The reconfigurable modular robot has an enormous amount of configurations to adapt to various environments and tasks. It greatly increases the complexity of configuration research in that the possible configuration number of the recon-figurable modular robot grows exponentially with the increase of module number. Being the initial configuration or the basic configuration of the reconfigurable robot, the center-configuration plays a crucial role in system’s actual applications. In this paper, a novel center-configuration selection technique has been proposed for re-configurable modular robots. Based on the similarities between configurations’ transformation and graph theory, configuration network has been applied in the modeling and analyzing of these configurations. Configuration adjacency matrix, reconfirmation cost matrix, and center-configuration coefficient have been defined for the configuration network correspondingly. Being similar to the center-location problem, the center configuration has been selected according to the largest cen-ter-configuration coefficient. As an example of the reconfigurable robotic system, AMOEBA-I, a three-module reconfigurable robot with nine configurations which was developed in Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has been introduced briefly. According to the numerical simulation result, the center-configuration coefficients for these nine configurations have been calculated and compared to validate this technique. Lastly, a center- configu-ration selection example is provided with consideration of the adjacent configura-tions. The center-configuration selection technique proposed in this paper is also available to other reconfigurable modular robots. | LIU JinGuo WANG YueChao LI Bin MA ShuGen TAN DaLong | 2007 | Science in China(Series F)2007，50，5： | 7 |
| 12 | Progress in measuring biophysical properties of membrane proteins with AFM single-molecule force spectroscopy显示文摘Membrane proteins are crucial in cell physiological activities and are the targets for most drugs.Thus,investigating the behaviors of membrane proteins not only provide deeper insights into cell function,but also help disease treatment and drug development.Atomic force microscopy is a unique tool for investigating the structure of membrane proteins.It can both image the morphology of single native membrane proteins with high resolution and,via single-molecule force spectroscopy(SMFS),directly measure their biophysical properties during molecular physiological activities such as ligand binding and protein unfolding.In the context of molecular biomechanics,SMFS has been successfully used to understand the structure and function of membrane proteins,complementing the static three-dimensional structures of proteins obtained by X-ray crystallography.Here,based on the authors’antigen-antibody binding force measurements in clinical tumor cells,the principle and method of SMFS is discussed,the progress in using SMFS to characterize membrane proteins is summarized,and challenges for SMFS are presented. | Mi Li Lianqing Liu Ning Xi Yuechao Wang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，22： | 7 |
| 13 | Atomic force microscopy studies on cellular elastic and viscoelastic properties显示文摘In this work, a method based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) approach-reside-retract experiments was established to simultaneously quantify the elastic and viscoelastic properties of single cells. First, the elastic and viscoelastic properties of normal breast cells and cancerous breast cells were measured, showing significant differences in Young’s modulus and relaxation times between normal and cancerous breast cells. Remarkable differences in cellular topography between normal and cancerous breast cells were also revealed by AFM imaging. Next, the elastic and viscoelasitc properties of three other types of cell lines and primary normal B lymphocytes were measured; results demonstrated the potential of cellular viscoelastic properties in complementing cellular Young’s modulus for discerning different states of cells. This research provides a novel way to quantify the mechanical properties of cells by AFM, which allows investigation of the biomechanical behaviors of single cells from multiple aspects. | Mi Li Lianqing Liu Ning Xi Yuechao Wang | 2018 | Science China(Life Sciences)2018，61，1： | 6 |
| 14 | Mapping CD20 molecules on the lymphoma cell surface using atomic force microscopy显示文摘Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to locate CD20 molecules on the surface of lymphoma Raji cells. Rituximab (a monoclonal antibody against CD20) molecules were linked onto the AFM tip via a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker. Raji cells were adsorbed onto glass slides coated with poly-L-lysine. First, the CD20 distribution in a local area of the cell surface was visualized using the AFM lift scan mode. Second, 16 × 16 force curves were obtained from the same cell area to construct the CD20-rituximab binding force map. Finally, free rituximab was added to block the CD20 molecules on the cell surface and the lift phase image and CD20-rituximab force map were obtained again. The experimental results indicated that when the lift height was greater than the length of the PEG linker, no recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image. However, as the lift height decreased to the length of the PEG linker, some recognition sites were observed in the lift phase image and these sites were generally consistent with the pixels in the force map. After blocking, both the recognition sites in the lift phase image and the gray pixels in the binding force map decreased markedly. These results can improve our understanding of the distribution of protein molecules on the cell surface and facilitate further investigations into cellular functions. | LI Mi LIU LianQing XI Ning WANG YueChao DONG ZaiLi XIAO XiuBin ZHANG WeiJing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，13： | 6 |
| 15 | Atomic force microscopy imaging of live mammalian cells显示文摘Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to examine the morphology of live mammalian adherent and suspended cells. Time-lapse AFM was used to record the locomotion dynamics of MCF-7 and Neuro-2a cells. When a MCF-7 cell retracted, many small sawtooth-like filopodia formed and reorganized, and the thickness of cellular lamellipodium increased as the retraction progressed. In elongated Neuro-2a cells, the cytoskeleton reorganized from an irregular to a parallel, linear morphology. Suspended mammalian cells were immobilized by method combining polydimethylsiloxane-fabricated wells with poly-L-lysine electrostatic adsorption. In this way, the morphology of a single live lymphoma cell was imaged by AFM. The experimental results can improve our understanding of cell locomotion and may lead to improved immobilization strategies. | LI Mi LIU LianQing XI Ning WANG YueChao DONG ZaiLi XIAO XiuBin ZHANG WeiJing | 2013 | Science China(Life Sciences)2013，56，9： | 6 |
| 16 | Progress of AFM single-cell and single-molecule morphology imaging显示文摘Atomic force microscopy (AFM) can probe single living cells and single native membrane proteins in natural fluid environments with label-free high spatial resolution. It has thus become an important tool for cellular and molecular biology that significantly complements traditional biochemical and biophysical techniques such as optical and electron microscopy and X-ray crystallog-raphy. Imaging surface topography is the primary application of AFM in the life sciences. Since the early 1990s, researchers have used AFM to investigate morphological features of living cells and native membrane proteins with impressive results. Steady improvements in AFM techniques for imaging soft biological samples have greatly expanded its applications. Based on the authors' own research in AFM imaging of living cell morphologies, a review of sample preparation procedures for single-cell and single-molecule imaging experiments is presented, along with a summary of recent progress in AFM imaging of living cells and native membrane proteins. Finally, the challenges of AFM high-resolution imaging at the single-cell and single-molecule levels are discussed. | LI Mi LIU LianQing XI Ning WANG YueChao DONG ZaiLi XIAO XiuBin ZHANG WeiJing | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，26： | 5 |
| 17 | Effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of human cancer cells investigated by atomic force microscopy显示文摘Cell mechanics plays an important role in cellular physiological activities. Recent studies have shown that cellular mechanical properties are novel biomarkers for indicating the cell states. In this article, temperature-controllable atomic force microscopy(AFM) was applied to quantitatively investigate the effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of human cancer cells. First, AFM indenting experiments were performed on six types of human cells to investigate the changes of cellular Young's modulus at different temperatures and the results showed that the mechanical responses to the changes of temperature were variable for different types of cancer cells. Second, AFM imaging experiments were performed to observe the morphological changes in living cells at different temperatures and the results showed the significant changes of cell morphology caused by the alterations of temperature. Finally, by co-culturing human cancer cells with human immune cells, the mechanical and morphological changes in cancer cells were investigated. The results showed that the co-culture of cancer cells and immune cells could cause the distinct mechanical changes in cancer cells, but no significant morphological differences were observed. The experimental results improved our understanding of the effects of temperature and cellular interactions on the mechanics and morphology of cancer cells. | LI Mi LIU LianQing XI Ning WANG YueChao XIAO XiuBin ZHANG WeiJing | 2015 | Science China(Life Sciences)2015，58，9： | 5 |
| 18 | Network-based reconfiguration routes for a self-reconfigurable robot显示文摘This paper presents a network-based analysis approach for the reconfiguration problem of a self-reconfigurable robot. The self-reconfigurable modular robot named 'AMOEBA-I' has nine kinds of non-isomorphic configurations that consist of a configuration network. Each configuration of the robot is defined to be a node in the weighted and directed configuration network. The transformation from one configuration to another is represented by a directed path with nonnegative weight. Graph theory is applied in the reconfiguration analysis,where reconfiguration route,reconfigurable matrix and route matrix are defined according to the topological information of these configurations. Algorithms in graph theory have been used in enumerating the available reconfiguration routes and deciding the best reconfigu-ration route. Numerical analysis and experimental simulation results prove the va-lidity of the approach proposed in this paper. And it is potentially suitable for other self-reconfigurable robots' configuration control and reconfiguration planning. | LIU JinGuo MA ShuGen WANG YueChao LI Bin | 2008 | Science in China(Series F)2008，51，10： | 5 |
| 19 | Axiomatic design method to design a screw drive in-pipe robot passing through varied curved pipes显示文摘A screw drive in-pipe robot is promising inspection equipment for small pipes. However, most of the existing screw drive in-pipe robots have problems of motion interference and slipping inside curved or irregular pipes. These problems result from the coupled relations among the steering motion, the motion speed and the load ability of the robot. In order to deal with the problems, the axiomatic design(AD) theory is applied to evaluate and analyze the existing designs. Then an uncoupled concept design based on the AD theory is proposed and the complete AD decomposition process is presented. After that, the proposed robot based on a tri-axial differential angle modulation mechanism is designed to realize the uncoupled concept. Finally, the uncoupled property is verified in a dynamics simulation system. The simulation results indicate that the motion speed, load ability and steering motion of the proposed robot can be adjusted individually compared with the robots that have inclining-angle-fixed rollers. Owing to the uncoupled design, the proposed robot can mechanically adapt to straight pipes and curved pipes with less roller slipping. | LI Te MA ShuGen LI Bin WANG MingHui WANG YueChao | 2016 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2016，59，2： | 5 |
| 20 | Research on the reconstruction of fast and accurate AFM probe model显示文摘The AFM image will be distorted due to the tip-broadening effect. It may be mathematically represented as the effect of the tip's convolution on the real image. As a result, the true geometry of the sample surface can not be obtained. If the tip shape could be known accurately, such distortion can be eliminated with the adoption of disconvolution operation. It is of practical significance in the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. Among the current tip modeling algorithms, the blind tip estimation algorithm based on mathematical morphology is widely applied. However, it takes much time and has difficulties in defining the optimal noise threshold. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a new blind tip evaluation method to accelerate the speed of blind tip modeling calculation and realize the accurate reconstruction of the AFM image. The simulation and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the above research method. | YUAN Shuai DONG ZaiLi MIAO Lei XI Ning WANG YueChao | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，24： | 4 |
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