| 1 | CIS controls the functional polarization of GM-CSF-derived macrophages显示文摘The cytokine granulocyte-macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) possesses the capacity to differentiate monocytes into macrophages (MØs) with opposing functions, namely, proinflammatory M1-like MØs and immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. Despite the importance of these opposing biological outcomes, the intrinsic mechanism that regulates the functional polarization of MØs under GM-CSF signaling remains elusive. Here, we showed that GM-CSF-induced MØ polarization resulted in the expression of cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) and that CIS deficiency skewed the differentiation of monocytes toward immunosuppressive M2-like MØs. CIS deficiency resulted in hyperactivation of the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway, consequently promoting downregulation of the transcription factor Interferon Regulatory Factor 8 (IRF8). Loss- and gain-of-function approaches highlighted IRF8 as a critical regulator of the M1-like polarization program. In vivo, CIS deficiency induced the differentiation of M2-like macrophages, which promoted strong Th2 immune responses characterized by the development of severe experimental asthma. Collectively, our results reveal a CIS-modulated mechanism that clarifies the opposing actions of GM-CSF in MØ differentiation and uncovers the role of GM-CSF in controlling allergic inflammation. | Shengbo Zhang Jai Rautela Naiara G.Bediaga Tatiana B.Kolesnik Yue You Junli Nie Laura F.Dagley Justin Bedo Hanqing Wang Li Sun Robyn Sutherland Elliot Surgenor Nadia Iannarella Rhys Allan Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes Yi Xie Qike Wang Yuxia Zhang Yuekang Xu Stephen L.Nutt Andrew M.Lew Nicholas D.Huntington Sandra E.Nicholson Michaël Chopin Yifan Zhan | 2023 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2023，20，1： | 0 |
| 2 | Exposing vertebral artery from lateral to medial under the guide of peri-vertebral artery fat pad in far lateral approach显示文摘Far lateral approach(FLA),together with its modified approaches,is a fundamental surgical approach for surgical resection of lesions located at the ventral or ventrolateral side of the foramen magnum.[1,2,3,4,5]The key procedure in FLA is exposing the vertebral artery(VA)especially the V3 segment.[1,5,6]When performing an FLA,most neurosurgeons choose to expose the suboccipital triangle(formed by the rectus capitis posterior major,the superior oblique,and the inferior oblique)as a key anatomical landmark initially and then expose the V3 segment.[1,2,5,6,7]However,on the one hand,this muscular anatomical landmarks-suboccipital triangle varies in depth,morphology,and location in different patients,which increases the risk of VA injury during surgery.[3]On the other hand,this procedure could lead to exposing difficulty due to the obstruction of overlying layers of muscles and the distribution of blood vessels,which could prolong the time for craniotomy fairly.The course of VA could vary,such as looping backward and bulge posteriorly between the lips of the suboccipital triangle,where it could be damaged if one expects it to be found in the depth of the suboccipital triangle.[3]Thus,neurosurgeons have the potential for VA injury and a rather prolonged time to successfully expose VA. | Jiuhong Li Linlin Song Zhigang Lan Wenke Liu Yuekang Zhang Xuhui Hui Jianguo Xu Xuesong Liu | 2022 | Chinese Medical Journal2022，，4： | 0 |
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