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| 1 | Genetic and biological characteristics of the globally circulating H5N8 avian influenza viruses and the protective efficacy offered by the poultry vaccine currently used in China显示文摘The H5N8 avian influenza viruses have been widely circulating in wild birds and are responsible for the loss of over 33 million domestic poultry in Europe, Russia, Middle East, and Asia since January 2020. To monitor the invasion and spread of the H5N8 virus in China, we performed active surveillance by analyzing 317 wild bird samples and swab samples collected from 41,172 poultry all over the country. We isolated 22 H5N8 viruses from wild birds and 14 H5N8 viruses from waterfowls. Genetic analysis indicated that the 36 viruses formed two different genotypes: one genotype viruses were widely detected from different wild birds and domestic waterfowls;the other genotype was isolated from a whopper swan. We further revealed the origin and spatiotemporal spread of these two distinct H5N8 virus genotypes in 2020 and 2021. Animal studies indicated that the H5N8 isolates are highly pathogenic to chickens, mildly pathogenic in ducks, but have distinct pathotypes in mice. Moreover, we found that vaccinated poultry in China could be completely protected against H5N8 virus challenge. Given that the H5N8 viruses are likely to continue to spread in wild birds, vaccination of poultry is highly recommended in high-risk countries to prevent H5N8 avian influenza. | Pengfei Cui Xianying Zeng Xuyong Li Yanbing Li Jianzhong Shi Conghui Zhao Zhiyuan Qu Yanwen Wang Jing Guo Wenli Gu Qi Ma Yuancheng Zhang Weipeng Lin Minghui Li Jingman Tian Dongxue Wang Xin Xing Yanjing Liu Shuxin Pan Yaping Zhang Hongmei Bao Liling Liu Guobin Tian Chengjun Li Guohua Deng Hualan Chen | 2022 | Science China(Life Sciences)2022，65，4： | 12 |
| 2 | A New Single-blade Based Hybrid CFD Method for Hovering and Forward-flight Rotor Computation显示文摘A hybrid Euler/full potential/Lagrangian wake method,based on single-blade simulation,for predicting unsteady aerodynamic flow around helicopter rotors in hover and forward flight has been developed.In this method,an Euler solver is used to model the near wake evolution and transonic flow phenomena in the vicinity of the blade,and a full potential equation(FPE) is used to model the isentropic potential flow region far away from the rotor,while the wake effects of other blades and the far wake are incorporated into the flow solution as an induced inflow distribution using a Lagrangian based wake analysis.To further reduce the execution time,the computational fluid dynamics(CFD) solution and rotor wake analysis(including induced velocity up-date) are conducted parallelly,and a load balancing strategy is employed to account for the information exchange between two solvers.By the developed method,several hover and forward-flight cases on Caradonna-Tung and Helishape 7A rotors are per-formed.Good agreements of the loadings on blade surface with available measured data demonstrate the validation of the method.Also,the CPU time required for different computation runs is compared in the paper,and the results show that the pre-sent hybrid method is superior to conventional CFD method in time cost,and will be more efficient with the number of blades increasing. | SHI Yongjie ZHAO Qijun FAN Feng XU Guohua | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2011，24，2： | 9 |
| 3 | Robust Navier-Stokes method for predicting unsteady flowfield and aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor显示文摘A robust unsteady rotor flowfield solver CLORNS code is established to predict the complex unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of rotor flowfield. In order to handle the difficult problem about grid generation around rotor with complex aerodynamic shape in this CFD code,a parameterized grid generated method is established, and the moving-embedded grids are constructed by several proposed universal methods. In this work, the unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with Spalart-Allmaras are selected as the governing equations to predict the unsteady flowfield of helicopter rotor. The discretization of convective fluxes is accomplished by employing the second-order central difference scheme, third-order MUSCL-Roe scheme, and fifth-order WENO-Roe scheme. Aimed at simulating the unsteady aerodynamic characteristics of helicopter rotor, the dual-time scheme with implicit LU-SGS scheme is employed to accomplish the temporal discretization. In order to improve the computational efficiency of holecells and donor elements searching of the moving-embedded grid technology, the ‘‘disturbance diffraction method' and ‘‘minimum distance scheme of donor elements method' are established in this work. To improve the computational efficiency, Message Passing Interface(MPI) parallel method based on subdivision of grid, local preconditioning method and Full Approximation Storage(FAS) multi-grid method are combined in this code. By comparison of the numerical results simulated by CLORNS code with test data, it is illustrated that the present code could simulate the aerodynamic loads and aerodynamic noise characteristics of helicopter rotor accurately. | Qijun ZHAO Guoqing ZHAO Bo WANG Qing WANG Yongjie SHI Guohua XU | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2018，31，2： | 9 |
| 4 | Numerical analysis on noise of rotor with unconventional blade tips based on CFD/Kirchhoff method显示文摘A solver is developed aiming at efficiently predicting rotor noise in hover and forward flight. In this solver, the nonlinear near-field solutions are calculated by a hybrid approach which includes the Navier-Stokes and Euler equations based on a moving-embedded grid system and adaptive grid methodology. A combination of the third-order upwind scheme and flux-difference splitting scheme, instead of the second-order center-difference scheme which may cause larger wake dissipation, has been employed in the present computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method. The sound pressure data in the near field can be calculated directly by solving the Navier-Stokes equations, and the sound propagation can be predicted by the Kirchhoff method. A harmonic expansion approach is presented for rotor far-field noise prediction, which gives an analytical expression for the integral function in the Kirchhoff formula. As a result, the interpolation process is simplified and the efficiency and accuracy of the interpolation are improved. Then, the high-speed impulsive (HIS) noise of a helicopter rotor at different tip Mach numbers and on different observers is calculated and analyzed in hover and forward flight, which shows a highly directional characteristic of the rotor HIS noise with a maximum value in the rotor plane, and the HSI noise weakens rapidly with the increasing of the directivity angle. In order to investigate the effects of the rotor blade-tip shape on its aeroacoustic characteristics, four kinds of blade tips are designed and their noise characteristics have been simulated. At last, a new unconventional CLOR-II blade tip has been designed, and the noise characteristics of the presented CLOR-II model rotor have been simulated and measured compared to the reference rotors with a rectangular or swept-back platform blade tip. The results demonstrate that the unconventional CLOR-II blade tip can significantly reduce the HSI noise of a rotor. | Wang Bo Zhao Qijun Xu Guohua Ye Liang Wang Junyi | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2013，26，3： | 8 |
| 5 | Whole genome sequencing of 10K patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: design, methods and baseline patient characteristics显示文摘Background and purpose Stroke is the second leading cause of death worldwide and the leading cause of mortality and long-term disability in China,but its underlying risk genes and pathways are far from being comprehensively understood.We here describe the design and methods of whole genome sequencing(WGS)for 10914 patients with acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack from the Third China National Stroke Registry(CNSR-III).Methods Baseline clinical characteristics of the included patients in this study were reported.DNA was extracted from white blood cells of participants.Libraries are constructed using qualified DNA,and WGS is conducted on BGISEQ-500 platform.The average depth is intended to be greater than 30×for each subject.Afterwards,Sentieon software is applied to process the sequencing data under the Genome Analysis Toolkit best practice guidance to call genotypes of single nucleotide variants(SNVs)and insertion-deletions.For each included subject,21 fingerprint SNVs are genotyped by MassARRAY assays to verify that DNA sample and sequencing data originate from the same individual.The copy number variations and structural variations are also called for each patient.All of the genetic variants are annotated and predicted by bioinformatics software or by reviewing public databases.Results The average age of the included 10914 patients was 62.2±11.3 years,and 31.4%patients were women.Most of the baseline clinical characteristics of the 10914 and the excluded patients were balanced.Conclusions The WGS data together with abundant clinical and imaging data of CNSR-III could provide opportunity to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and discover novel therapeutic targets for stroke. | Si Cheng Zhe Xu Yang Liu Jinxi Lin Yong Jiang Yilong Wang Xia Meng Anxin Wang Xinying Huang Zhimin Wang Guohua Chen Songdi Wu Zhengchang Jia Yongming Chen Xuerong Qiu Jun Wu Binbin Song Weizhong Ji Zhongping An Wenjun Xue Lili Zhao Yu Geng Hongyan Li Hao Li Yongjun Wang | 2021 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021，6，2： | 8 |
| 6 | Tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation in terms of Traditional Chinese Medicine: their effects in patients with myocardial infarction显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of tonifying Qi and activating blood circulation(SQABC), a method in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM), on end-point events in patients with myocardial infarction(MI) in this retrospective cohort study.METHODS: Clinical data were obtained from the medical records of patients with acute MI(AMI),both during hospitalization and follow-up, and included general demographic information(age, gender, and contact information), TCM regimens used,and end-point events.RESULTS: A total of 1596 patients with AMI were enrolled to this study, but data of only 1210 casesare accessible till follow-up. We classified the patients based on the exposure levels of SQABC.When comparing the results between all exposure and non-exposure groups, significant differences were identified, both during hospitalization and follow-ups. During hospitalization, cardiac death(4.40% vs 21.55%, P < 0.05) and cardiac shock(3.04% vs 11.62%, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the exposure group than the non-exposure group. Similarly, during the follow-up, cardiac death(12.04% vs 20.49%, P < 0.05), acute heart failure(7.27% vs 11.81%, P < 0.05), composite endpoint of reinfarction and stroke(9.11% vs 15.28%,P < 0.05), and rehospitalization due to angina(25.49% vs 34.38%, P < 0.05) were significantly lower in the exposure group than the non-exposure group.CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that SQABC can significantly benefits the subjects in the management of high-risk AMI in them. | Gao Wulin Dai Guohua Zhang Tong Bi Dongxue Liu Chunhua Shi Xiaojing Zhao Fang Zhao Chen | 2018 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2018，38，5： | 7 |
| 7 | Effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloy显示文摘This study was conducted to discuss the effect of rolling strain on microstructure and tensile properties of dual-phase Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5 Y(wt%) alloy, which was prepared by casting, and then homogenized and rolled at 200℃. The rolling process was conducted with 10% reduction per pass and five different accumulated strains, varying from 10% to 70%. The results indicate that the as-cast and as-rolled Mg-8Li-3Al-2Zn-0.5Y alloys are composed of α-Mg, β-Li, AlLi and Al_2Y phases. After rolling process,anisotropic microstructure was observed. a-Mg phase got elongated in both rolling direction and transverse direction with the addition of rolling strain. Consequently, the strength of the alloy in both directions was notably improved whereas the elongation declined, mainly caused by strain hardening and dispersion strengthening. The tensile properties of the as-rolled alloys in the RD, no matter the YS, UTS or the elongation, are higher than those of the TD due to their larger deformation strain and significant anisotropy in the hcp α-Mg phase. In addition, the fracture and strengthening mechanism of the tested alloys were also investigated systematically. | Wencai Liu Shi Feng Zhongquan Li Jiong Zhao Guohua Wu Xianfei Wang Lv Xiao Wenjiang Ding | 2018 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2018，34，12： | 6 |
| 8 | An automated pulmonary parenchyma segmentation method based on an improved region growing algorithm in PET-CT imaging显示文摘 | Juanjuan ZHAO Guohua JI Xiaohong HAN Yan QIANG Xiaolei LIAO | 2016 | Frontiers of Computer Science2016，10，1： | 6 |
| 9 | Ceria Nanoparticles as Enzyme Mimetics显示文摘 | Guohua Wang Junzhe Zhang Xiao He Zhiyong Zhang Yuliang Zhao | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2017，35，6： | 5 |
| 10 | Carbothermic reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite with the assistance of sodium carbonate显示文摘The carbothermic reduction of vanadium titanomagnetite concentrate(VTC)with the assistance of Na_(2)CO_(3)was conducted in an argon atmosphere between 1073 and 1473 K.X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to investigate the phase transformations during the reaction.By investigating the reaction between VTC and Na_(2)CO_(3),it was concluded that molten Na_(2)CO_(3)broke the structure of titanomagnetite by combining with the acidic oxides(Fe_(2)O_(3),TiO_(2),Al_(2)O_(3),and SiO_(2))to form a Na-rich melt and release FeO and MgO.Therefore,Na_(2)CO_(3)accelerated the reduction rate.In addition,adding Na_(2)CO_(3)also benefited the agglomeration of iron particles and the slag–metal separation by decreasing the viscosity of the slag.Thus,Na_(2)CO_(3)assisted carbothermic reduction is a promising method for treating VTC at low temperatures. | Luming Chen Yulan Zhen Guohua Zhang Desheng Chen Lina Wang Hongxin Zhao Fancheng Meng Tao Qi | 2022 | International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials2022，29，2： | 5 |
| 11 | Attribution analysis based on Budyko hypothesis for land evapotranspiration change in the Loess Plateau, China显示文摘Land evapotranspiration(ET) is an important process connecting soil, vegetation and the atmosphere, especially in regions that experience shortage in precipitation.Since 1999, the implementation of a large-scale vegetation restoration project has significantly improved the ecological environment of the Loess Plateau in China.However, the quantitative assessment of the contribution of vegetation restoration projects to long-term ET is still in its infancy.In this study, we investigated changes in land ET and associated driving factors from 1982 to 2014 in the Loess Plateau using Budyko-based partial differential methods.Overall, annual ET slightly increased by 0.28 mm/a and there were no large fluctuations after project implementation.An attribution analysis showed that precipitation was the driving factor of inter-annual variability of land ET throughout the study period;the average impacts of precipitation, potential evapotranspiration, and vegetation restoration on ET change were 61.5%, 11.5% and 26.9%, respectively.These results provide an improved understanding of the relationship between vegetation condition change and climate variation on terrestrial ET in the study area and can support future decision-making regarding water resource availability. | HE Guohua ZHAO Yong WANG Jianhua GAO Xuerui HE Fan LI Haihong ZHAI Jiaqi WANG Qingming ZHU Yongnan | 2019 | Journal of Arid Land2019，11，6： | 5 |
| 12 | Mitochondrial fusion/fission process involved in the improvement of catalpol on high glucose- induced hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction显示文摘Catalpol, iridoid glycoside,被显示了由 rescuing mitochondrial 功能,而是详细机制遗体施加血糖过低的效果不清楚还。在这研究,在糖尿病的条件下面的肝的线粒体上的 catalpol 的效果和机制进一步被检验。catalpol 的口头的管理显著地在高脂肪的导致食谱、导致 streptozotocin 的糖尿病的老鼠减少了血葡萄糖, triglyceride,和胆固醇层次。另外, catalpol 在源于糖尿病的肝 mitochondrial ATP 内容稀释了减少。而且,拥有一种长尺寸的线粒体的数字在对待 catalpol 的老鼠被增加。有趣地, mitochondrial 功能的导致 catalpol 的恢复与减少的分裂蛋白质 1 被联系并且 dynamin 相关的蛋白质象增加的 mitofusin 一样的 1 个表达式在肝的 1 个表达式。在 HepG2 房间, catalpol 减轻了 ATP 内容和 mitochondrial 膜潜力的减少,并且反应的氧种类形成的增加由高葡萄糖导致了。当房间与 catalpol 被对待时,线粒体的管状的特征被维持的米托特拉克·格林污点表演。Catalpol 也减少了分裂蛋白质 1 并且 dynamin 相关的蛋白质 1 表情和增加的 mitofusin 在 HepG2 房间的 1 表情。现在的结果建议 catalpol 能改善在一名糖尿病患者下面的肝的 mitochondrial 机能障碍状态,和这可能与它 mitochondrial 的规定有关熔化和分裂事件。 | Zhimeng Xu Luyong Zhang Xiaojie Li Zhenzhou Jiang Lixin Sun Guolin Zhao Guohua Zhou Heran Zhang Jing Shang Tao Wang | 2015 | Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica2015，47，9： | 4 |
| 13 | Application of the Material Balance Method in Paleoelevation Recovery: A Case Study of the Longmen Mountains Foreland Basin on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘We applied the material balance principle of the denudation volume and sedimentary flux to study the denudation-accumulation system between the Longmen Mountains(Mts.) and the foreland basin. The amount of sediment in each sedimentation stage of the basin was estimated to obtain the denudation volume,erosion thickness and deposit thickness since the Late Triassic Epoch,to enable us to recover the paleoelevation of the provenance and the sedimentary area. The results show the following:(1) Since the Late Triassic Epoch,the elevation of the surface of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted from 0 m to 2751 m,and the crust of the Longmen Mts. has uplifted by 9.8 km. Approximately 72% of the materials introduced have been denuded from the mountains.(2) It is difficult to recover the paleoelevation of each stage of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin quantitatively by the present-day techniques and data.(3) The formation of the Longmen Mts. foreland basin consisted of three stages of thrust belt tectonic load and three stages of thrust belt erosional unload. During tectonic loading stages(Late Triassic Epoch,Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous,Late Cretaceous–Miocene),the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was lower(approximately 700–1700 m). During erosional unloading stages(Early and Middle Jurassic,Middle Cretaceous and Jiaguan,Late Cenozoic),the average elevation of Longmen Mts. was high at approximately 2000–2800m. | YAN Zhaokun LI Yong LI Haibing DONG Shunli ZHAO Guohua LI Jingbo LI Fensheng YAN Liang ZHENG Lilong | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，2： | 4 |
| 14 | Positioning error compensation for parallel mechanism with two kinematic calibration methods显示文摘Compared with serial mechanisms, the parallel mechanism(PM) theoretically exhibited higher positioning accuracy, dynamic performance, strength-to-weight ratio, and lower manufacturing cost, but they had not been widely used in the practical application. One key issue, positioning accuracy, which directly affected their performance and was greatly influenced by the errors of kinematic structure parameters was analyzed. To effectively enhance the positioning precision of PMs, a novel modeless kinematic calibration method, namely the split calibration, was presented and its compensation effect of the positioning error was comprehensively compared with that of an integrated method on two different types of PMs. A strange phenomenon-correct and incorrect identified results were derived from two different PMs by the same integrated method, respectivelywhich had not been reported yet was discovered, and the origin of it was revealed utilizing numerical simulations. Finally, respective merits and drawbacks of these two methods obtained in this paper provided underlying insights to guide the practical application of the kinematic calibration for PMs. | Guohua ZHAO Dan WANG Liangbao LIU Jiangzhen GUO Wuyi CHEN He LI | 2020 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2020，33，9： | 4 |
| 15 | Behavior and adrenal activity in a group of zoo golden snub-nosed monkeys,Rhinopithecus roxellana,following social structure change显示文摘The effects of individual removal by zoo managers on behavior and fecal glucocorticoid changes in snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus roxellana) were investigated at Beijing Zoo.The results showed that the effect of the removal of three subordinate individuals(DD,male,4 years;XZZ,male,3 years and LL,female,3 years) from a group varied across the remaining group members that may be related to individual's social status,gender and age.The dominant male was impacted less than subordinate individuals in both the frequency and time duration for the four main behavioral categories.The frequency of stereotypic behavior significantly decreased in the dominant female after the removal of three animals(Z= 2.862,P=0.003).Fluctuations were found in both the behavioral frequency and time duration in other remaining individuals.These findings suggest that small,socially stable groups were somewhat resilient to changes in member composition.Moreover,the cortisol level did not change significantly in the remaining members.An alternative method of hormone assay using fecal samples for vulnerable animals was presented,and that may be useful for monitoring wild golden monkeys and other endangered species of animal. | ZHANG XiaoLii HE Xini LIU DingZheni YAO XiuLini ZHANG YiZhuo ZHANG EnQuan ZHANG JinGuo JIANG GuoHua ZHAO ChangQi | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，17： | 4 |
| 16 | Efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine in patients with acute myocardial infarction suffering from diabetes mellitus显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the 'real world' effectiveness of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) in patients with acute myocardial infarction suffering from diabetes mellitus(AMI+DM patients).METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study.During hospitalization, the 'exposure group' was defined as patients who had a TCM injection for ≥ 7 d.During follow-up, the definition of the exposure group was application of a Chinese patent medicine or decoction of Chinese medicine for ≥ 28 d.General information(age, sex, contact details), TCM use and endpoint events of AMI+DM patients during hospitalization and follow-up were collected.The correlation between TCM and the end-point events of AMI + DM patients was analyzed using a multiple logistic regression method.RESULTS: A total of 479 AMI + DM patients were enrolled and 345 cases were followed up. During hospitalization, TCM, age, hypertension and use of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor(ACEI)or angiotensin receptor blocker(ARB) were associated with cardiac death. During follow-up, TCM was associated with cardiac death. TCM was a relevant factor for a composite endpoint of re-infarction and stroke. TCM, anti-thrombotic therapy and lipid-lowering therapy were related to acute heart failure. TCM, anti-thrombotic therapy, anti-MI therapy and ACEI/ARB use exhibited a strong correlation with re-hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease.CONCLUSION: TCM reduced the prevalence of cardiac death during hospitalization, and cardiac death, a composite endpoint of re-infarction and stroke, acute heart failure and re-hospitalization due to cardiovascular disease during follow-up. | Dai Guohua Gao Wulin Bi Dongxue Liu Chunhua Liu Yuhan Wang Ning Zhao Chen | 2018 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2018，38，3： | 4 |
| 17 | Interpreting the Coseismic Uplift and Subsidence of the Longmen Shan Foreland Basin System during the Wenchuan Earthquake by a Elastic Flexural Model显示文摘coseismic 表面高举, Longmen 掸人(LMS ) 在四川盆的西方的边缘上创造了即时地志的负担表面沉淀,减少东方,用几个方法被测量了例如 GPS, SAR 并且铺平。用一个有弹性的曲折模型,我们试图解释 coseismic 表面高举并且沉淀,并且抑制有效 lithospheric 橡皮厚度(T 四川盆的 e ) 。用为四川盆的不同有效有弹性的厚度价值,一系列沉淀曲线被有弹性的弯曲模型方程为一个破有弹性的盘子计算。曲线,用 30-40 km 的有效有弹性的厚度由模型生产了,提供了对四川盆的观察 coseismic 沉淀的一般模式合适的最好。然而,在 LMS 的前面的计算沉淀(∼40-70 厘米) 比观察价值(∼100 厘米) 显然低,建议有效有弹性的厚度应该在那里更低。这些结果显示 lithospheric 力量可以从四川盆向西减少到 LMS。 | YAN Zhaokun LI Yong SHAO Chongjian ZHOU Rongjun YAN Liang ZHAO Guohua YAN Binglei | 2016 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2016，90，2： | 4 |
| 18 | Recent advances and trends of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process for wastewater treatment-review显示文摘Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOPs) are effective and environmentally friendly for the treatment of refractory organic pollutants.Among EAOPs,heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process with in-situ formation of hydrogen peroxide (H_(2)O_(2)) is an eco-friendly,cost-effective and easy-operable technology to generate hydroxyl radicals (;OH) with high redox potential.The generation of;OH is determined by the synergistic H_(2)O_(2)formation and activation.The surface catalytic mechanisms for H_(2)O_(2)activation in the heterogeneous EF process were discussed.Some required features such as heteroatom doping and oxygen groups for H_(2)O_(2)formation via selective two-electron oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with carbonaceous electrode are summarized.The solid Fenton catalysts and integrated functional cathodes that widely used in heterogeneous EF for wastewater treatment are grouped into few classes.And the brief discussion on catalytic activity and stability of materials over different experimental conditions are given.In addition,the application of heterogeneous EF process on the remediation of emerging contaminants is provided.The challenges and future prospects of the heterogeneous EF processes about catalytic fall-off and multi-step/complex techniques for water purification are emphasized. | Zining Wang Mingyue Liu Fan Xiao Georgeta Postole Hongying Zhao Guohua Zhao | 2022 | Chinese Chemical Letters2022，33，2： | 4 |
| 19 | A Hierarchical Ensemble Learning Framework for Energy-Efficient Automatic Train Driving显示文摘Railway transportation plays an important role in modern society. As China's massive railway transportation network continues to grow in total mileage and operation density, the energy consumption of trains becomes a serious concern. For any given route, the geographic characteristics are known a priori, but the parameters(e.g., loading and marshaling) of trains vary from one trip to another. An extensive analysis of the train operation data suggests that the control gear operation of trains is the most important factor that affects the energy consumption. Such an observation determines that the problem of energy-efficient train driving has to be addressed by considering both the geographic information and the trip parameters. However, the problem is difficult to solve due to its high dimension, nonlinearity, complex constraints, and time-varying characteristics. Faced with these difficulties, we propose an energy-efficient train control framework based on a hierarchical ensemble learning approach. Through hierarchical refinement, we learn prediction models of speed and gear. The learned models can be used to derive optimized driving operations under real-time requirements. This study uses random forest and bagging – REPTree as classification algorithm and regression algorithm, respectively. We conduct an extensive study on the potential of bagging, decision trees, random forest, and feature selection to design an effective hierarchical ensemble learning framework. The proposed framework was testified through simulation. The average energy consumption of the proposed method is over 7% lower than that of human drivers. | Guohua Xi Xibin Zhao Yan Liu Jin Huang Yangdong Deng | 2019 | Tsinghua Science and Technology2019，24，2： | 3 |
| 20 | Surface modification of die casting mold steel by a composite technique of hot-dipping and plasma electrolytic oxidation显示文摘The hot dipping process of pure aluminum on H13 steel substrates followed by plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) was studied to form alumina ceramic coatings for protective purpose.H13 steel bars were first dipped in pure aluminum melts,and then,a reactive iron-aluminum intermetallic layer grew at the interface between the melt and the steel substrate.The reactive layer was mainly composed of intermetallic Fe-Al(Fe_2Al_5);the thickness of aluminum layer and Fe-Al intermetallic layer were mainly influenced by dipping time(1.5~12.0 min) and dipping temperature(710~760 ℃).After PEO process,uniform Al_2O_3 ceramic coatings were deposited on the surface of aluminized steel.The element distribution,phase composition and morphology of the aluminized layer,and the ceramic coatings were characterized by SEM/EDS and XRD.The distribution of hardness across the composite coating is demonstrated,and the maximum value reaches 1864 HV.The thermal shock resistance of the coated sample is also well improved. | Zhao, Guohua Zhao, Jianhua | 2012 | Rare Metals2012，31，4： | 3 |
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