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| 1 | Physicochemical analysis of individual atmospheric fine particles based on effective surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy显示文摘Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of more than 400 million people in China. It is therefore of great importance to thoroughly investigate and understand their composition. To determine the physicochemical properties in atmospheric fine particles at the micrometer level, we described a sensitive and feasible surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) method using Ag foil as a substrate. This novel method enhanced the Raman signal intensities up to 10,000 a.u. for ν(NO_3^-) in fine particles.The SERS effect of Ag foil was further studied experimentally and theoretically and found to have an enhancement factor of the order of ~10~4. Size-fractionated real particle samples with aerodynamic diameters of 0.4–2.5 μm were successfully collected on a heavy haze day,allowing ready observation of morphology and identification of chemical components, such as soot, nitrates, and sulfates. These results suggest that the Ag-foil-based SERS technique can be effectively used to determine the microscopic characteristics of individual fine particles, which will help to understand haze formation mechanisms and formulate governance policies. | Zhenli Sun Fengkui Duan Kebin He Jingjing Du Liu Yang Hui Li Tao Ma Shuo Yang | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，1： | 9 |
| 2 | Mooring observed mode-2 internal solitary waves in the northern South China Sea显示文摘The mode-2 internal solitary waves(ISWs)generated by mode-2 internal tide(IT)are identified by mooring observations in the northern South China Sea(SCS)from 2016 to 2017.Two mode-2 ISWs with a re-appearance period of 24.9 h observed on 29 and 30 July 2016 are characterized by type-b ISWs.They occurred when the isotherms compressed obviously in the vertical direction.Modal decomposition of IT horizontal currents shows that the vertical compression of the isotherms is mainly caused by diurnal mode-2 IT.The analysis of the role of the density stratification reveals that a deeper and thinner pycnocline is favorable for generation of mode-2 ISWs rather than pycnocline intensity.By comparing the mode-2 nonlinear,dispersion coefficients and the Ursell numbers calculated based on the stratification associated with different kinds of ITs with the observation results,it is shown that the diurnal mode-2 IT plays a crucial role in the generation of the mode-2 ISWs.When the diurnal mode-2 IT interacts with the semidiurnal IT and causes a deeper and thinner pycnocline,the mode-2 ISWs are easily excited. | Liang Chen Xuejun Xiong Quanan Zheng Yeli Yuan Long Yu Yanliang Guo Guangbing Yang Xia Ju Jia Sun Zhenli Hui | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，11： | 3 |
| 3 | Impact of warm mesoscale eddy on tropical cyclone intensity显示文摘The spatial-temporal patterns of tropical cyclone(TC) intensity changes caused by the warm ocean mesoscale eddy(WOME) distribution are evaluated using two sets of idealized numerical experiments. The results show that the TC was intensified and weakened when a WOME was close to and far away from the TC center, respectively.The area where the WOME enhanced(weakened) TC intensity is called the inner(outer) area in this study.Amplitudes of the enhancement and weakening caused by the WOME in the inner and outer area decreased and increased over time, while the ranges of the inner and outer area diminished and expanded, respectively. The WOME in the inner area strengthened the secondary circulation of the TC, increased heat fluxes, strengthened the symmetry, and weakened the outer spiral rainband, which enhanced TC intensity. The effect was opposite if the WOME was in the outer area, and it weakened the TC intensity. The idealized simulation employed a stationary TC, and thus the results may only be applied to TCs with slow propagation. These findings can improve our understanding of the interactions between TC and the WOME and are helpful for improving TC intensity forecasting by considering the effect of the WOME in the outer areas. | Jia Sun Guihua Wang Xuejun Xiong Zhenli Hui Xiaomin Hu Zheng Ling Long Yu Guangbing Yang Yanliang Guo Xia Ju Liang Chen | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，8： | 3 |
| 4 | Principal-component estimates of the Kuroshio Current axis and path based on the mathematical verification between satellite altimeter and drifting buoy data显示文摘We used satellite altimetry data to investigate the Kuroshio Current because of the higher resolution and wider range of observations. In previous studies, satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to study the spatiotemporal variability of the sea surface velocity field along the current, and extraction methods were employed to detect the Kuroshio axes and paths. However, sea surface absolute geostrophic velocity estimated from absolute dynamic topography should be regarded as the geostrophic component of the actual surface velocity, which cannot represent a sea surface current accurately. In this study, mathematical verification between the climatic absolute geostrophic and bin-averaged drifting buoy velocity was established and then adopted to correct the satellite absolute geostrophic velocities. There were some differences in the characteristics between satellite geostrophic and drifting buoy velocities. As a result, the corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocities were used to detect the Kuroshio axis and path based on a principal-component detection scheme. The results showed that the detection of the Kuroshio axes and paths from corrected absolute geostrophic velocities performed better than those from satellite absolute geostrophic velocities and surface current estimations. The corrected satellite absolute geostrophic velocity may therefore contribute to more precise day-to-day detection of the Kuroshio Current axis and path. | Zhanpeng Zhuang Zhenli Hui Guangbing Yang Xinhua Zhao Yeli Yuan | 2020 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2020，39，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering for mixing state characterization of individual fine particles during a haze episode in Beijing,China显示文摘The nondestructive characterization of the mixing state of individual fine particles using the traditional single particle analysis technique remains a challenge.In this study,fine particles were collected during haze events under different pollution levels from September 5 to 112017 in Beijing,China.A nondestructive surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)technique was employed to investigate the morphology,chemical composition,and mixing state of the multiple components in the individual fine particles.Optical image and SERS spectral analysis results show that soot existing in the form of opaque material was predominant during clear periods(PM_(2.5)≤75μg/m^(3)).During polluted periods(PM_(2.5)>75μg/m^(3)),opaque particles mixed with transparent particles(nitrates and sulfates)were generally observed.Direct classical least squares analysis further identified the relative abundances of the three major components of the single particles:soot(69.18%),nitrates(28.71%),and sulfates(2.11%).A negative correlation was observed between the abundance of soot and the mass concentration of PM_(2.5).Furthermore,mapping analysis revealed that on hazy days,PM_(2.5)existed as a core-shell structure with soot surrounded by nitrates and sulfates.This mixing state analysis method for individual PM_(2.5)particles provides information regarding chemical composition and haze formation mechanisms,and has the potential to facilitate the formulation of haze prevention and control policies. | Hui Chen Fengkui Duan Jingjing Du Ranhao Yin Lidan Zhu Jinlu Dong Kebin He Zhenli Sun Suhua Wang | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin for the treatment of leptomeningeal metastasesof non-small cell lung cancer: A case report and review of the literature显示文摘 | Chong Bai Hui Shi Dan Liu Tianyi Zhu Zhenli Hu Qiang Li | 2013 | Oncology Letters2013，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Adhesive surface-enhanced Raman scattering Cu-Au nanoassembly for the sensitive analysis of particulate matter显示文摘Surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)has been used in atmospheric aerosol detection as it enables the high-resolution analysis of particulate matter.However,its use in the detection of historical samples without damaging the sampling membrane while achieving effective transfer and the high-sensitivity analysis of particulate matter from sample films remains challenging.In this study,a new type of SERS tape was developed,consisting of Au nanoparticles(NPs)on an adhesive double-sided Cu film(DCu).The enhanced electromagnetic field generated by the coupled resonance of the local surface plasmon resonances of AuNPs and DCu led to an enhanced SERS signal with an experimental enhancement factor of 10^(7).The AuNPs were semi-embedded and distributed on the substrate,and the viscous DCu layer was exposed,enabling particle transfer.The substrates exhibited good uniformity and favorable reproducibility with relative standard deviations of 13.53%and 9.74%respectively,and the substrates could be stored for 180 days with no signs of signal weakening.The application of the substrates was demonstrated by the extraction and detection of malachite green and ammonium salt particulate matter.The results demonstrated that SERS substrates based on AuNPs and DCu are highly promising in real–world environmental particle monitoring and detection. | Ning Wang Zhiqiang Gan Fengkui Duan Hui Chen Chensheng Ma Jie Ji Zhenli Sun | 2023 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2023，，6： | 0 |
| 8 | Constructing a Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectral reference library for fine-particle analysis显示文摘Fine particles associated with haze pollution threaten the health of over 400 million people in China. Owing to excellent non-destructive fingerprint recognition characteristics, Raman and surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS) are often used to analyze the composition of fine particles to determine their physical and chemical properties as well as reaction mechanisms. However, there is no comprehensive Raman spectral library of fine particles. Furthermore, various studies that used SERS for fine-particle composition analysis showed that the uniqueness of the SERS substrates and different excitation wavelengths can produce a different spectrum for the same fine-particle component. To overcome this limitation, we conducted SERS experiments with a portable Raman spectrometer using two common SERS substrates(silver(Ag) foil and gold nanoparticles(Au NPs)) and a 785 nm laser. Herein, we introduced three main particle component types(sulfate-nitrate-ammonium(SNA), organic material, and soot) with a total of 39 chemical substances. We scanned the solid Raman, liquid Raman, and SERS spectra of these substances and constructed a fine-particle reference library containing 105 spectra. Spectral results indicated that for soot and SNA, the differences in characteristic peaks mainly originated from the solid-liquid phase transition;Ag foil had little effect on this difference, while the Au NPs caused a significant red shift in the peak positions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Moreover, with various characteristic peak positions in the three types of spectra, we could quickly and correctly distinguish substances. We hope that this spectral library will aid in the future identification of fine particles. | Hui Chen Fengkui Duan Kebin He Jingjing Du Zhenli Sun Suhua Wang | 2022 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2022，34，8： | 0 |
| 9 | Validation and error analysis of wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean显示文摘By incorporating the wave-induced Coriolis-Stokes forcing into the classical Ekman layer,the wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean were estimated.Thus,the ocean surface currents are the combination of classical Ekman current from the cross-calibrated multi-platform(CCMP)wind speed,geostrophic current from the mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT),and wave-induced current based on the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts(ECMWF)Interim Re-Analysis(ERA-Interim)surface wave datasets.Weight functions are introduced in the Ekman current formulation as well.Comparisons with in-situ data from Lagrangian drifters in the study area and Kuroshio Extension Observatory(KEO)observations at 32.3°N,144.6°E,and 15-m depth indicate that wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents provide accurate time means of zonal and meridional currents in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean.Result shows that the wave-modifi ed currents are quite consistent with the Lagrangian drifter observations for the period 1993-2017 in the deep ocean.The correlation(root mean square error,RMSE)is 0.96(1.45 cm/s)for the zonal component and 0.90(1.07 cm/s)for the meridional component.However,wave-modifi ed currents underestimate the Lagrangian drifter velocity in strong current and some off shore regions,especially in the regions along the Japan coast and the southeastern Mindanao.What’s more,the wave-modifi ed currents overestimate the pure Eulerian KEO current which does not consider the impact of waves,and the zonal(meridional)correlation and RMSE are 0.95(0.90)and 11.25 cm/s(12.05 cm/s)respectively.These comparisons demonstrate that our wave-modifi ed ocean surface currents have high precision and can describe the real-world ocean in the northwestern Pacifi c Ocean accurately and intuitively,which can provide important routes to calculate ocean surface currents on large spatial scales. | Zhenli HUI Ying LI Jia SUN Long YU Xia JU Xuejun XIONG | 2022 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2022，40，4： | 0 |
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