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| 1 | Encapsulating segment-like antimony nanorod in hollow carbon tube as long-lifespan,high-rate anodes for rechargeable K-ion batteries显示文摘K-ion battery (KIB) is a new-type energy storage device that possesses potential advantages of low-cost and abundant resource of potassium.To develop advanced electrode materials for accommodating the large size and high activity of potassium ion is of great interests.Herein,a segment-like antimony (Sb) nanorod encapsulated in hollow carbon tube electrode material (Sb@HCT) was prepared.Beneficial from the virtue of abundant nitrogen doping in carbon tube,one-dimensional and hollow structure advantages,Sb@HCT exhibits excellent potassium storage properties:in the case of potassium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (KFSI) electrolyte,Sb@HCT displays a reversible capacity of up to 453.4 mAh·g^-1 at a current density of 0.5 A·g^-1 and good rate performance (a capacity of 211.5 mAh·g^-1 could be achieved at an ultrahigh rate of 5 A·g^-1).Additionally,Sb@HCT demonstrates excellent long-cycle stability at a current density of 2 A·g^-1 over 120 cycles.Meanwhile,electrolyte optimization is an effective strategy for greatly improving electrochemical performance.Through ex-situ characterizations,we disclosed the potassiation of Sb anode is quite reversible and undergoes multistep processes,combining solid solution reaction and two-phase reaction. | Wen Luo Feng Li Weiran Zhang Kang Han Jean-Jacques Gaumet Hans-Eckhardt Schaefer Liqiang Mai | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，5： | 18 |
| 2 | Injected nanocrystals for targeted drug delivery显示文摘Nanocrystals are pure drug crystals with sizes in the nanometer range. Due to the advantages of high drug loading, platform stability, and ease of scaling-up, nanocrystals have been widely used to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs. Nanocrystals in the blood stream can be recognized and sequestered as exogenous materials by mononuclear phagocytic system(MPS) cells, leading to passive accumulation in MPS-rich organs, such as liver, spleen and lung. Particle size, morphology and surface modification affect the biodistribution of nanocrystals. Ligand conjugation and stimuli-responsive polymers can also be used to target nanocrystals to specific pathogenic sites. In this review, the progress on injected nanocrystals for targeted drug delivery is discussed following a brief introduction to nanocrystal preparation methods, i.e.,top-down and bottom-up technologies. | Yi Lu Ye Li Wei Wu | 2016 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2016，6，2： | 14 |
| 3 | How to Make Capsules Containing Rejuvenators for Their Use in Asphalt Concrete显示文摘Rejuvenators are products designed to restore original properties to oxidized asphalt binders by restoring the original ratio of asphaltenes to maltenes. But,for a rejuvenator to be successful,it must penetrate the pavement surface. Besides,application of a rejuvenator will also reduce the skid resistance of the pavement. To solve this,these rejuvenators can be encapsulated and mixed in asphalt concrete. Once the stress in the capsules reaches a certain threshold,the particles break and the rejuvenator is released,giving back the original properties of the pavement. The objective of this paper is to show how these capsules behave and define the most appropriate testing methods to find their effect on asphalt concrete. For this,two different types of rejuvenators will be encapsulated and their effect on the properties of the capsules investigated. Besides,the release mechanisms of the capsules will be unravelled. | GARCIA A SCHLANGEN E VAN DE VEN M F C | 2010 | 武汉理工大学学报2010，32，17： | 7 |
| 4 | Improving the stability and bioavailability of tea polyphenols by encapsulations:a review显示文摘Tea polyphenols(TPPs)have attracted significant research interest due to their health benefits.However,TPPs are sensitive to certain environmental and gastrointestinal conditions and their oral bioavailability was found to be very low.Delivery systems made of food-grade materials have been reported to improve the shelf-life,bioavailability and bioefficacy of TPPs.This review discusses the chemistry of TPPs;the setbacks of TPPs for application;and the strategies to counteract application limitations by rationally designing delivery systems.An overview of different formulations used to encapsulate TPPs is provided in this study,such as emulsion-based systems(liposome,nanoemulsion,double emulsion,and Pickering emulsion)and nano/microparticles-based systems(protein-based,carbohydrate-based,and bi-polymer based).In addition,the stability,bioavailability and bioactivities of encapsulated TPPs are evaluated by various in vitro and in vivo models.The current findings provide scientific insights in encapsulation approaches for the delivery of TPPs,which can be of great value to TPPs-fortified food products.Further explorations are needed for the encapsulated TPPs in terms of their applications in the real food industry as well as their biological fate and functional pathways in vivo. | Zhiya Yin Ting Zheng Chi-Tang Ho Qingrong Huang Qingli Wu Man Zhang | 2022 | Food Science and Human Wellness2022，11，3： | 7 |
| 5 | MoS2 nanorods with inner caves through synchronous encapsulation of sulfur for high performance Li–S cathodes显示文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li–S)batteries have become one of the most promising candidates for next-generation batteries owing to their high specific capacity,low cost,and environment-friendliness.Many efforts have been made to mitigate the'shuttle effect'through physical adsorption and chemical bonding.MoS2 has been proposed as a cathode material to provide effective anchoring sites for lithium polysulfides(Li PSs),but is still limited by its layer structure.Herein,we designed novel MoS2 nanorods with inner caves based on our previous work,and performed synchronous encapsulation of sulfur during the synthesis process.The outer MoS2 tubular shells physically inhibit the outward diffusion of polysulfide species while the inner particles chemically anchor the polysulfides to prevent shuttling.As the cathode matrix in Li–S batteries,the electrochemical results deliver a high initial discharge capacity of 1213 mAhg^-1 for sulfur at 0.1 C.After cycling at 1 C for 300 cycles,the cells exhibit a capacity decay of only 0.076%per cycle and high average coulombic efficiency over 95%.The tubular MoS2 structure is an innovative and appealing design,which could be regarded as a prospective substrate for the improved performance of Li–S batteries. | Yikun Yi Zechen Liu Pu Yang Tao Wang Xuewen Zhao Hongyang Huang Yonghong Cheng Jinying Zhang Mingtao Li | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，6： | 5 |
| 6 | Effect and mechanism of encapsulation on aging characteristics of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes显示文摘The aging characteristics,e.g.,the evolution of efficiency and luminance of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes(QLEDs)are greatly affected by the encapsulation.When encapsulated with ultraviolet curable resin,the efficiency is increased over time,a known phenomenon termed as positive aging which remains one of the unsolved mysteries.By developing a physical model and an analytical model,we identify that the efficiency improvement is mainly attributed to the suppression of hole leakage current that is resulted from the passivation of ZnMgO defects.When further encapsulated with desiccant,the positive aging effect vanishes.Tofully take the advantage of positive aging,the desiccant is incorporated after the positive aging process is completed.With the new encapsulation method,the QLED exhibits a high external quantum efficiency of 20.19%and a half lifetime of 1,267 h at an initial luminance of 2,800 cd·m^(-2),which are improved by 1.4 and 6.0 folds,respectively,making it one of the best performing devices.Our work provides an in-depth and systematic understanding of the mechanism of positive aging and offers a practical encapsulation way for realizing efficient and stable QLEDs. | Zinan Chen Qiang Su Zhiyuan Qin Shuming Chen | 2021 | Nano Research2021，14，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Micro-encapsulation of Pacific white shrimp oil as affected by emulsification condition显示文摘Micro-encapsulation of shrimp oil using the mixture of whey protein concentrate(WPC)and sodium caseinate(SC)(1:1,w/w)as a wall material was carried out.The impact of core/wall material ratios(1:2 and 1:4,w/w)and homogenizing pressures(13.79 and 27.58 MPa)on characteristics and stability of emulsion was investigated.The size of emulsion oil droplets decreased with increasing homogenizing pressure(P<0.05)but was not influenced by core/wall material ratio(P>0.05).During the extended storage,particle size,flocculation factor(Ff)and coalescence index(Ci)of all emulsions sharply increased,especially in emulsions prepared at 13.79 MPa with a core/wall material ratio of 1:2(P<0.05).After spray drying,micro-encapsulated shrimp oil(MSO)prepared at 13.79 MPa with a core/wall material ratio of 1:2 had the larger size than others(P<0.05).MSO prepared using a core/wall material ratio of 1:4 with homogenizing pressure of 27.58 MPa exhibited higher encapsulation efficiency(EE)(51.3%–52.8%)than others.Thus,both core/wall material ratio and homogenizing pressure directly affected micro-encapsulation of shrimp oil. | Sirima Takeungwongtrakul Soottawat Benjakul Aran H-kittikun | 2014 | Food Science and Human Wellness2014，3，3： | 5 |
| 8 | Stabilizing perovskite nanocrystals by controlling protective surface ligands density显示文摘After nanocrystals synthesis,the purification process with anti-solvents is an essential step to get clean nanocrystals,which could get rid of the by-products of the synthesis.It is generally recognized that this process could bring a positive effect for the afterward optoelectronic applications.Unfortunately,we found that the optical properties and photostability of perovskite CsPbBr3 nanocrystals were unavoidably deteriorated after they were washed with anti-solvents,and this deterioration is strongly related to the decreasing of surface ligands density.Therefore,in this paper,we tried to purposely not wash the CsPbBr3 nanocrystals solution after adding didodecyl dimethylammonium bromide (DDAB),and found the existing of DDAB in solution could result in a dramatically enhanced photostability.Inspired by these results,we proposed a new strategy to stabilize perovskite nanocrystals from the view of packaging process:adding protective ligands into the perovskite nanocrystals resin directly,then encapsulating them on blue light-emitting diodes (LED) chips.Surprisingly,stable LED devices (20 mA,2.7V) were achieved by this way,which can keep 80% of the initial photoluminescence (PL) intensity for more than 50 h,while the devices with CsPbBr3 nanocrystals without adding protective ligands into resin dropped to 50% of their initial PL intensity within 6 h.This approach offers a new thought to stabilize perovskite nanocrystals as down-conversion phosphor in quantum dots liquid crystal display. | Weilin Zheng Zhichun Li Congyang Zhang Bo Wang Qinggang Zhang Qun Wan Long Kong Liang Li | 2019 | Nano Research2019，12，6： | 4 |
| 9 | Fibroadhesive scarring of grafted collagen scaffolds interferes with implant–host neural tissue integration and bridging in experimental spinal cord injury显示文摘Severe traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI)results in a devastating and permanent loss of function,and is currently an incurable condition.It is generally accepted that future intervention strategies will require combinational approaches,including bioengineered scaffolds,to support axon growth across tissue scarring and cystic cavitation.Previously,we demonstrated that implantation of a microporous type-I collagen scaffold into an experimental model of SCI was capable of supporting functional recovery in the absence of extensive implant–host neural tissue integration.Here,we demonstrate the reactive host cellular responses that may be detrimental to neural tissue integration after implantation of collagen scaffolds into unilateral resection injuries of the adult rat spinal cord.Immunohistochemistry demonstrated scattered fibroblast-like cell infiltration throughout the scaffolds as well as the presence of variable layers of densely packed cells,the fine processes of which extended along the graft–host interface.Few reactive astroglial or regenerating axonal profiles could be seen traversing this layer.Such encapsulation-type behaviour around bioengineered scaffolds impedes the integration of host neural tissues and reduces the intended bridging role of the implant.Characterization of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underpinning this behaviour will be pivotal in the future design of collagen-based bridging scaffolds intended for regenerative medicine. | Haktan Altinova Sebastian Hammes Moniek Palm Jose Gerardo-Nava Pascal Achenbach Ronald Deumens Emmanuel Hermans Tobias Fuhrmann Arne Boecker Sabien Geraldine Antonia van Neerven Ahmet Bozkurt Joachim Weis Gary Anthony Brook | 2019 | Regenerative Biomaterials2019，6，2： | 4 |
| 10 | Survival of encapsulated islets: More than a membrane story显示文摘At present, proven clinical treatments but no cures are available for diabetes, a global epidemic with a huge economic burden. Transplantation of islets ofLangerhans by their infusion into vascularized organs is an experimental clinical protocol, the first approach to attain cure. However, it is associated with lifelong use of immunosuppressants. To overcome the need for immunosuppression, islets are encapsulated and separated from the host immune system by a permselective membrane. The lead material for this application is alginate which was tested in many animal models and a few clinical trials. This review discusses all aspects related to the function of transplanted encapsulated islets such as the basic requirements from a permselective membrane(e.g., allowable hydrodynamic radii, implications of the thickness of the membrane and relative electrical charge). Another aspect involves adequate oxygen supply, which is essential for survival/performance of transplanted islets, especially when using large retrievable macrocapsules implanted in poorly oxygenated sites like the subcutis. Notably, islets can survive under low oxygen tension and are physiologically active at > 40 Torr. Surprisingly, when densely crowded, islets are fully functional under hyperoxic pressure of up to 500 Torr(> 300% of atmospheric oxygen tension). The review also addresses an additional category of requirements for optimal performance of transplanted islets, named auxiliary technologies. These include control of inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and the intra-capsular environment. The review highlights that curing diabetes with a functional bio-artificial pancreas requires optimizing all of these aspects, and that significant advances have already been made in many of them. | Uriel Barkai Avi Rotem Paul de Vos | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，1： | 4 |
| 11 | 掺杂碳封装的Fe/Co基纳米颗粒氧还原催化剂(英文)显示文摘氧还原反应是电化学能量转换和存储装置的重要反应过程,但其反应动力学缓慢,因此开发高效低成本的氧还原催化剂至关重要.目前,包裹过渡金属基纳米颗粒的碳材料因其优异的氧还原催化活性,引起了广泛关注.本文按照金属基纳米颗粒的类别从金属、碳化物、磷化物、氧化物、硫化物以及混合颗粒等六个方面综述了掺杂碳封装的Fe/Co基纳米颗粒氧还原催化剂.催化剂碳基质的结构、纳米颗粒的种类及其分布对催化性能有很大影响,目前这类催化剂在碱性介质中表现出了优异的氧还原活性和稳定性,但在酸性介质中的活性仍需要进一步提高.文章讨论了制备封装型纳米颗粒/碳高效氧还原催化剂过程中存在的挑战,并展望了其发展前景. | 倪保霞 武鲁明 陈睿 史成香 陈铁红 | 2019 | Science China Materials2019，62，11： | 4 |
| 12 | Effects of Cr3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ on Fly Ash based Geopolymer显示文摘The effects of Cr^3+, Cu^2+, and Pb^2+ on compressive strength, reaction products, and pore structures of fly ash based geopolymer were studied. In addition, the immobilization and bonding interaction between heavy metal and fly ash based geopolymers were investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic(XPS) and environmental scanning electron microscope(ESEM) techniques. The experimental results showed that the incorporation of Cr^3+, Cu^2+, and Pb^2+ had a great effect on the later compressive strength and resulted in producing reinhardbraunsite in the solidified body. Moreover, the Pb^2+ reduced the total pore volume of the solidified body, while Cr^3+ and Cu^2+ increased it. The XPS results indicated that O(1s), Si(2p), and Al(2p)bind energy increased due to Cr^3+ and Cu^2+ addition, but it did not change significantly due to Pb^2+ addition.The microstructure of calcium silicate hydrate(C-S-H) gel and sodium silicoaluminate hydrate(N-A-S-H) gel changed in different degree according to the ESEM results. The immobilization of Cr^3+, Cu^2+, and Pb^2+ using fly ash based geopolymer is attributed not only to the physical encapsulation, but also to the chemical bonding interaction. | 郭晓潞 HUANG Jiabao | 2019 | Journal of Wuhan University of Technology(Materials Science)2019，34，4： | 3 |
| 13 | Concepts, processing, and recent developments in encapsulating essential oils显示文摘By the virtue of their olfactory,physicochemical,and biological characteristics,essential oils(EOs)have drawn wide attention as additives in daily chemicals like perfume or personal care products.Nevertheless,they are physicochemically unstable and susceptible to degradation or loss.Microencapsulation offers a feasible strategy to stabilize and prolong release of EO.This review summarizes the recognized benefits and functional properties of various preparation and characterization methods,wherein innovative fabrication strategies and their formation mechanisms are especially emphasized.Progress in combining detecting/measuring technologies with kinetic modelling are discussed,to give an integral approach of controlling the dynamic release of encapsulated EOs.Moreover,new development trends of EOs capsules are also highlighted. | Qirui Tian Weiqing Zhou Qiong Cai Guanghui Ma Guoping Lian | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，2： | 3 |
| 14 | In vitro properties of surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing an antimalarial drug:halofantrine显示文摘Objective:To formulate and evaluate in vitro,surface-modified solid lipid microspheres containing hal of antrine using lipid matrix formed from goat fat and a phospholipid(P90H). Methods:The model drug,hal of antrine in an increasing concentration of 1%,2%,3%,4% and 5%w/w was incorporated into surface-modified solid lipid microspheres formulated by hot homogenization.Effect of drug concentration on the encapsulation efficiency was studied. The dispersion was evaluated using particle size,particle morphology,pH and encapsulation efficiency.The drug formulation with highest encapsulation efficiency was selected and used for the release studies and compared with the release from a commercial dosage form(Halfan~? 250 mg tablet,Claxo-Smithkline,Mayenne France) using simulated gastric fluid(SGF pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid(SIF pH 7.2) and phosphate buffer(pH 6.8) as biorelevant media. Results were analyzed statistically and the level of significance was taken to be P<0.05). Results:Discrete and spherical solid lipid microspheres were produced.The particle size of the dispersion was low(32.48-33.87μm) with minimal particle growth and high encapsulation efficiencies(86.8%-91.0%) after 3 months.The pH of the microspheres dispersion changed appreciably after 3 months.In vitro release result obtained revealed sustained and controlled drug release from the lipid microspheres compared with the tablet dosage form.Conclosions: Formulation of hal of antrine as solid lipid microspheres presents a better alternative to the conventional tablet formulation as the in vitro dissolution of the highly lipophilic hal of antrine was highly improved. | Anthony A Attama Collins N Igbonekwu | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，4： | 3 |
| 15 | Artificial Seed Production of Tylophora indica for Interim Storing and Swapping of Germplasm显示文摘Our research work demonstrates the single bead alginate-encapsulation, interim storing and conversion of Tylophora indica(Burm. Fil.) Merrill.Most effective encapsulation of in vitro nodal segments [(4 ± 1) mm long], ensuing in sphere-shaped artificial seeds of similar morphology, was achieved through 75 mmol·L^(-1)calcium chloride(CaCl_2 · 2H_2O) plus 3%(w/v) Na-alginate with 93.3% conversion frequency. The earliest conversion(within 7 days of incubation) of artificial seeds occurred in half-strength liquid Murashige and Skoog medium. Among the three different temperature regimes [(5 ± 1) °C,(15 ± 1) °C, and(25 ± 1) °C], storage of artificial seeds at(15 ± 1) °C executed the highest frequency of conversion(90%) after 15 days of storage. Lengthier storage significantly reduced the conversion frequency of artificial seeds irrespective of storage temperature. Nevertheless, the conversion frequency after 30 days of storage at(15 ± 1) °C was recorded at 70% without further decline even following45 days of storage, which evidently suggests that lower temperature(15 ± 1) °C is apt for storage and subsequent conversion of T. indica artificial seeds. The present protocol could be expedient for short-term storing and swapping of T. indica germplasms between national and international laboratories. | Saikat Gantait Joshitha Vijayan Adity Majee | 2017 | Horticultural Plant Journal2017，3，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Functional delivery vehicle of organic nanoparticles in inorganic crystals显示文摘Encapsulation of bioactive substances for extended shelf life and controlled,targeted release is critical for their applications in food and drug delivery.Here,a new method has been developed to encapsulate bioactive molecules in the crystal composites,showing greatly enhanced stability and unique pHtriggered response.Chlorophyll,a model bioactive,is first loaded in shellac nanoparticles via coprecipitation with a high encapsulation efficiency,and then the chlorophyll-loaded nanoparticles are incorporated into calcite crystals grown from a gel media containing the nanoparticles.Under the protection of shellac nanoparticles and calcite crystals,chlorophyll shows excellent stability even under light.Encapsulated chlorophyll could only be released by first dissolving the calcite crystals under acidic condition and then dissolving the shellac nanoparticles under alkaline condition.The unique pHtriggered release mimics the pH change from acidic in the stomach to alkaline in the intestine and is thus well suited for controlled,targeted intestinal release.This work suggests that the crystal composites are an ideal delivery vehicle for the functional design of bioactive molecules. | Linlin Kong Xinyi Jin Dapeng Hu Leyun Feng Dong Chen Hanying Li | 2019 | Chinese Chemical Letters2019，30，12： | 2 |
| 17 | 基于原子层沉积技术的纳米颗粒表面改性方法显示文摘在原子尺度制造方法中,原子层沉积(ALD)是一种依靠表面自限制吸附反应沉积超薄膜的技术,具有优异的制造精度、保型性和沉积均匀一致性等独特优势.本文介绍了ALD技术在纳米颗粒表面改性的最新进展及应用.通过ALD工艺调控可以精准制备致密包覆层,多孔包覆层以及表面定向改性构型.纳米级致密包覆层可以隔绝外界环境,提升颗粒稳定性,同时保留颗粒本体性能.多孔包覆层则具有纳米通道,在保留颗粒与外界接触的同时,实现了对进入反应物尺寸的筛选,以及提供了物理限域作用增强稳定性.表面定向改性则能够选择性钝化或者暴露纳米颗粒特定功能表面.ALD的颗粒表面改性技术在电极材料、含能与磁性颗粒的稳定化,催化剂活性位点定向调控等方面具有前瞻性应用.最后,文章展望了ALD进行微纳颗粒表面改性未来面临的挑战和发展方向. | 曹坤 蔡佳明 单斌 陈蓉 | 2020 | Science Bulletin2020，65，8： | 2 |
| 18 | Creating burdock polysaccharide-oleanolic acid-ursolic acid nanoparticles to deliver enhanced anti-inflammatory effects:fabrication,structural characterization and property evaluation显示文摘This study explored the potential of polysaccharides from Actium lappa(ALPs)as natural wall materials for producing ALP-based nanoparticles to deliver poorly water-soluble oleanolic acid(OA)and ursolic acid(UA).Encapsulating OA+UA with ALPs(ALP:OA+UA,50:1;OA:UA,1:1)changed the crystalline nature to a more amorphous state through hydrogen bonding and involving O-H/C-O/O-C-O groups.ALP-OA/UA nanoparticles had a particle size and zeta potential(in water)of 199.1 nm/-7.15 mV,with a narrow unimodal size distribution,and excellent pH,salt solution,temperature and storage stability.Compared with ALPs,ALPOA/UA nanoparticles showed enhanced anti-inflammatory activity(especially at a dose of 100μg/mL)in a CuSO-induced zebrafish inflammation model via down-regulating the NF-κB signalling pathway and gene expression of associated transcription factors and cytokines(TNF-α,IL-1βand IL-8).Therefore,ALP-based nanoparticles are natural and anti-inflammatory carriers for hydrophobic bioactive molecules. | Shanshan Zhu Zhichang Qiu Xuguang Qiao Geoffrey I.N.Waterhouse Wenqing Zhu Wenting Zhao Qiuxia He Zhenjia Zheng | 2023 | Food Science and Human Wellness2023，12，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Enhancing the stability of astaxanthin by encapsulation in poly (1-lactic acid) microspheres using a supercritical anti-solvent process显示文摘To improve the physicochemical properties of astaxanthin, it was encapsulated in poly (1-lactic acid)(PLLA) using a supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) process with dichloromethane/acetone mixture as the solvent, and supercritical CO2 as the anti-solvent. The effects of altering five SAS operating cond让ions, solvent ratio, temperature, pressure, concentration of carrier, and flow rate, on the microstructure of particles were investigated using an orthogonal experimental design. Under the optimal conditions, astaxanthin/PLLA particles were produced with an encapsulation efficiency of 91.5% and a mean particle size of 954.6 nm. SEM images showed that most astaxanthin/PLLA particles were uniform microspheres. FT-IR spectra showed that the chemical structure of astaxanthin was unchanged by the SAS process. The results of chromatic difference, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric, and differential scanning calorimetry analyses showed that astaxanthin had been encapsulated in the PLLA matrix in an amorphous state. Overall, astaxanthin/PLLA microspheres greatly enhanced the stability of astaxanthin during storage, and the levels of residual solvents were far lower than the ICH lim让s. This means that astaxanthin/PLLA microspheres prepared using SAS show great potential for use in many food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical formulations. | Guijin Liu Man Hu Ziyi Zhao Qing Lin Dongwei Wei Yanbin Jiang | 2019 | Particuology2019，17，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Congenital peritoneal encapsulation: A review and novel classification system显示文摘Congenital peritoneal encapsulation(CPE) is a very rare, congenital condition characterised by the presence of an accessory peritoneal membrane which encases a variable extent of the small bowel. It is unclear how CPE develops,however it is currently understood to be a result of an aberrant adhesion in the peritoneal lining of the physiological hernia in foetal mid-gut development. The condition was first described in 1868, and subsequently there have been only 45 case reports of the phenomenon. No formal, systematised review of CPE has yet been performed, meaning the condition remains poorly understood,underdiagnosed and mismanaged. Diagnosis of CPE remains clinical with important adjuncts provided by imaging and diagnostic laparoscopy. Two thirds of patients present with abdominal pain, likely secondary to sub-acute bowel obstruction. A fixed, asymmetrical distension of the abdomen and differential consistency on abdominal palpation are more specific clinical features present in approximately 10% of cases. CPE is virtually undetectable on plain imaging, and is only detected on 40% of patients with computed tomography scan. Most patients will undergo diagnostic laparotomy to confirm the diagnosis.Management of CPE includes both medical management of the critically-unstable patient and surgical laparotomy, partial peritonectomy and adhesiolysis.Prognosis following prompt surgical treatment is excellent, with a majority of patients being symptom free at follow up. This review summarises the current literature on the aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of this rare disease. We also introduce a novel classification system for encapsulating bowel diseases, which may distinguish CPE from the commoner, more morbid conditions of abdominal cocoon and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis. | Aneesh Dave James Mc Mahon Assad Zahid | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，19： | 2 |
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