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| 1 | Solid-state fermentation of corn-soybean meal mixed feed with Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecium for degrading antinutritional factors and enhancing nutritional value显示文摘Background: Corn and soybean meal(SBM) are two of the most common feed ingredients used in pig feeds.However, a variety of antinutritional factors(ANFs) present in corn and SBM can interfere with the bioavailability of nutrients and have negative health effects on the pigs. In the present study, two-stage fermentation using Bacillus subtilis followed by Enterococcus faecium was carried out to degrade ANFs and improve the nutritional quality of corn and SBM mixed feed. Furthermore, the microbial composition and in vitro nutrient digestibility of inoculated mixed feed were determined and compared those of the uninoculated controls.Results: During the fermentation process, B. subtilis and lactic acid bacteria(LAB) were the main dominant bacteria in the solid-state fermented inoculated feed, and fermentation produced a large amount of lactic acid(170 mmo L/kg),which resulted in a lower pH(5.0 vs. 6.4) than the fermented uninoculated feed. The amounts of soybean antigenic proteins(β-conglycinin and glycinin) in mixed feed were significantly decreased after first-stage fermentation with B. subtilis. Inoculated mixed feed following two-stage fermentation contained greater concentratioin of crude protein(CP), ash and total phosphorus(P) compared to uninoculated feed, whereas the concentrations of neutral detergent fiber(NDF), hemicellulose and phytate P in fermendted inoculated feed declined(P < 0.05) by 38%, 53%, and 46%,respectively. Notably, the content of trichloroacetic acid soluble protein(TCA-SP), particularly that of small peptides and free amino acids(AA), increased 6.5 fold following two-stage fermentation. There was no difference in the total AA content between fermented inoculated and uninoculated feed. However, aromatic AAs(Phe and Tyr) and Lys in inoculated feed increased, and some polar AAs, including Arg, Asp, and Glu, decreased compared with the uninoculated feed. In vitro dry matter and CP digestibility of inoculated feed improved(P < 0.05) compared with the uninoculated feed.Conclusions: Our results suggest that two-stage fermentation using B. subtilis followed by E. faecium is an effective approach to improve the quality of corn-soybean meal mixed feed. | Changyou Shi Yu Zhang Zeqing Lu Yizhen Wang | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，4： | 44 |
| 2 | Influence of lactic acid bacteria, cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on alfalfa silage quality显示文摘This study assessed the effects of lactic acid bacteria(LAB), cellulase, cellulase-producing Bacillus pumilus and their combinations on the fermentation characteristics, chemical composition, bacterial community and in vitro digestibility of alfalfa silage. A completely randomized design involving a 8(silage additives)×3 or 2(silage days) factorial arrangement of treatments was adopted in the present study. The 8 silage additive treatments were: untreated alfalfa(control); two commercial additives(GFJ and Chikuso-1); an originally selected LAB(Lactobacillus plantarum a214) isolated from alfalfa silage; a cellulase-producing Bacillus(CB) isolated from fresh alfalfa; cellulase(C); and the combined additives(a214+C and a214+CB). Silage fermentation characteristics, chemical composition and microorganism populations were analysed after 30, 60 and 65 days(60 days followed by exposure to air for five additional days). In vitro digestibility was analysed for 30 and 60 days. Compared with the other treatments, selected LAB a214, a214 combined with either C or CB, and Chikuso-1 had the decreased(P<0.001) pH and increased(P<0.001) lactic acid concentrations during the ensiling process, and there were no differences(P>0.05) among them. Fiber degradation was not significant(P≥0.054) in any C or CB treatments. The a214 treatment showed the highest(P=0.009) in vitro digestibility of dry matter(595.0 g kg^(–1) DM) after ensiling and the highest abundance of Lactobacillus(69.42 and 79.81%, respectively) on days 60 and 65, compared to all of other treatments. Overall, the silage quality of alfalfa was improved with the addition of a214, which indicates its potential as an alfalfa silage inoculant. | LI Dong-xia NI Kui-kui ZHANG Ying-chao LIN Yan-li YANG Fu-yu | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，12： | 16 |
| 3 | Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Capacity of Ferulic Acid Released from Wheat Bran by Solid-state Fermentation of Aspergillus niger显示文摘Objective A strain of Aspergillus niger(A. niger), capable of releasing bound phenolic acids from wheat bran, was isolated. This strain was identified by gene sequence identification. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity of ferulic acid released from wheat bran by this A. niger strain(FA-WB) were evaluated. Methods Molecular identification techniques based on PCR analysis of specific genomic sequences were conducted; antioxidant ability was examined using oxygen radical absorbance capacity(ORAC), cellular antioxidant activity(CAA) assays, and erythrocyte hemolysis assays. RAW264.7 cells were used as a model to detect anti-inflammatory activity. Results The filamentous fungal isolate was identified to be A. niger. ORAC and CAA assay showed that FA-WB had better antioxidant activity than that of the ferulic acid standard. The erythrocyte hemolysis assay results suggested that FA-WB could attenuate AAPH-induced oxidative stress through inhibition of reactive oxy gen species(ROS) generation. FA-WB could significantly restore the AAPH-induced increase in intracellular antioxidant enzyme activities to normal levels as well as inhibit the intracellular malondialdehyde formation. TNF-?, IL-6, and NO levels indicated that FA-WB can inhibit the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS). Conclusion Ferulic acid released from wheat bran by a new strain of A. niger had good anti-inflammatory activity and better antioxidant ability than standard ferulic acid. | YIN Zhi Na WU Wen Jia SUN Chong Zhen LIU Hui Fan CHEN Wen Bo ZHAN Qi Ping LEI Zhuo Gui XIN Xuan MA Juan Juan YAO Kun MIN Tian ZHANG Meng Meng WU Hui | 2019 | Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2019，32，1： | 14 |
| 4 | In Vitro Probiotic Effect of Pseudostellaria heterophylla Fibrous Roots on Feed Bacillus subtilis and Preliminary Study on Its Solid Fermentation显示文摘Traditional Chinese medicine Pseudostellaria heterophylla fibrous roots have been widely studied and applied in non-antibiotic clinical breeding of livestock and poultry. In vitro probiotic effect of P. heterophylla fibrous roots extract on feed probiotics Bacillus subtilis BD-K010 was studied, and the feasibility of solid fermentation of P. heterophylla fibrous roots was preliminarily evaluated. For in vitro probiotic effect, the increased concentration of P. heterophylla fibrous roots extract dependently increased the total biomass of B. subtilis BD-K010;1.0% P. heterophylla fibrous roots extract received the best effect, and the final p H of 1.0% experimental group was closer to neutral. Meantime, B. subtilis BD-K010 with optimum concentration of P. heterophylla fibrous roots showed significantly higher in vitro antibacterial effect than the control group(P<0.01),and the antibacterial effects on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were improved by 51.99% and 63.16%, but it was ineffective to Salmonella. For solid fermentation, the profile of substrate complex and appendage flocculent structure on substrate surface at the end of fermenta-tion in experimental groups added with B. subtilis BD-K010 and cellulase plus BD-K010 were more complex;the live bacteria number, polysaccharide content and saponin content at fermentation end-point in two experimental groups were extremely higher than those in the control group(P<0.01).P. heterophylla fibrous roots extract had good in vitro probiotic effect on B. subtilis BD-K010 and promoted its antibacterial effect, and it is feasible to use probiotics for solid fermentation of P. heterophylla fibrous roots and to improve effective components. It is of great significance to further de-velop and utilize P. heterophylla fibrous roots resources in modern animal husbandry. | Pan Huiqing Zhang Yanda Li Zhujin Zhao Qi | 2019 | Animal Husbandry and Feed Science2019，11，2： | 14 |
| 5 | Overview of biomass pretreatment for cellulosic ethanol production显示文摘Bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol is significantly hindered by the structural and chemical complexity of biomass,which makes these materials a challenge to be used as feedstocks for cellulosic ethanol production.Cellulose and hemicellulose,when hydrolyzed into their component sugars,can be converted into ethanol through well established fermentation technologies.However,sugars necessary for fermentation are trapped inside the crosslinking structure of the lignocellulose.Hence,pretreatment of biomass is always necessary to remove and/or modify the surrounding matrix of lignin and hemicellulose prior to the enzymatic hydrolysis of the polysaccharides(cellulose and hemicellulose)in the biomass.Pretreatment refers to a process that converts lignocellulosic biomass from its native form,in which it is recalcitrant to cellulase enzyme systems,into a form for which cellulose hydrolysis is much more effective.In general,pretreatment methods can be classified into three categories,including physical,chemical,and biological pretreatment.The subject of this paper emphasizes the biomass pretreatment in preparation for enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation for cellulosic ethanol production.It primarily covers the impact of biomass structural and compositional features on the pretreatment,the characteristics of different pretreatment methods,the pretreatment study status,challenges,and future research targets. | Yi Zheng Zhongli Pan Ruihong Zhang | 2009 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2009，2，3： | 13 |
| 6 | Isolation of bacteria from fermented food and grass carp intestine and their efficiencies in improving nutrient value of soybean meal in solid state fermentation显示文摘Background: Soybean meal is an excellent and cost-effective protein source; however, its usage is limited in the piglet due to the presence of anti-nutritional factors and the antigens glycinin and β-conglycinin. The objective of the current study was to screen and select for bacteria that can be efficiently adopted to ferment soybean meal in order to solve this problem.Results: Bacteria were isolated from fermented soy foods and the grass carp intestine, and strains selected for high protease, cellulase and amylase activities. The isolated bacteria were characterized as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacilus amyloliquefacien, respectively. Fermentation with food-derived Isolate-2 and fish-derived F-9 increased crude protein content by 5.32% and 8.27%, respectively; improved the amino acid profile by increasing certain essential amino acids, broke down larger soy protein to 35 k Da and under, eliminated antigenicity against glycinin and β-conglycinin, and removed raffinose and stachyose in the soybean meal following a 24-h fermentation.Conclusions: Our results suggest these two B. amyloliquefaciens bacteria can efficiently solid state ferment soybean meal and ultimately produce a more utilizable food source for growing healthy piglets. | Samantha Medeiros Jingjing Xie Paul W.Dyce Hugh Y.Cai Kees De Lange Hongfu Zhang Julang Li | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，3： | 12 |
| 7 | Isolation and characterization of potential antibiotic producing actinomycetes from water and sediments of Lake Tana,Ethiopia显示文摘Objective:To isolate,evaluate and characterize potential antibiotic producing actinomycetes from water and sediments of Lake Tana,Ethiopia.Methods:A total of 31 strains of actinomycetes were isolated and tested against Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains by primary screening.In the primary screening.11 promising isolates were identified and subjected to solid state and submerged state fermentation methods to produce crude extracts.The fermented biomass was extracted by organic solvent extraction method and tested against bacterial strains by disc and agar well diffusion methods.The isolates were characterized by using morphological,physiological and biochemical methods.Results:The result obtained from agar well diffusion method was belter than disc diffusion method.The crude extract showed higher inhibition zone against Gram positive bacteria than Cram negative bacteria.One-way analysis of variance confirmed most of the crude extracts were statistically significant at 95%confidence interval.The minimum inhibitor)concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of crude extracts were 1.65 mg/mL and 3.30 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus,and 1.84 mg/mL and 3.80 mg/mL against Escherichia coli respectively.The growth of aerial and substrate mycelium varied in different culture media used.Most of the isolates were able to hydrolysis starch and urea:able to survive at 5%concentration of sodium chloride:optimum temperature for their growth was 30°C.Conclusions:The results of the present study revealed that freshwater actinomycetes of Luke Tana appear to have immense potential as a source ol antibacterial compounds. | Gebreselema Gebreyohannes Feleke Moges Samuel Sahil Nagappan Raja | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2013，3，6： | 12 |
| 8 | Fermentation characteristics of resistant starch, arabinoxylan, andβ-glucan and their effects on the gut microbial ecology of pigs:A review显示文摘Dietary fibers(DF)contain an abundant amount of energy,although the mammalian genome does not encode most of the enzymes required to degrade them.However,a mutual dependence is developed between the host and symbiotic microbes,which has the potential to extract the energy present in these DF.Dietary fibers escape digestion in the foregut and are fermented in the hindgut,producing shortchain fatty acids(SCFA)that after the microbial ecology in the gastrointestinal tract(GIT)of pigs.Most of the carbohydrates are fermented in the proximal part,allowing protein fermentation in the distal part,resulting in colonic diseases.The structures of resistant starch(RS),arabinoxylan(AX),and β-glucan(βG)are complex;hence,makes their way into the hindgut where these are fermented and provide energy substrates for the colonic epithelial cells.Different microbes have different preferences of binding to different substrates.The RS,AX and βG act as a unique substrate for the microbes and modify the relative composition of the gut microbial community.The granule dimension and surface area of each substrate are different,which influences the penetration capacity of microbes.Arabinose and xylan are 2 different hemicelluloses,but arabinose is substituted on the xylan backbone and occurs in the form of AX.Fermentation of xylan produces butyrate primarily in the small intestine,whereas arabinose produces butyrate in the large intestine.Types of RS and forms of βG also exert beneficial effects by producing different metabolites and modulating the intestinal microbiota.Therefore,it is important to have information of different types of RS,AX and(3 G and their roles in microbial modulation to get the optimum benefits of fiber fermentation in the gut.This review provides relevant information on the similarities and differences that exist in the way RS,AX,and βG are fermented,and their positive and negative effects on SCFA production and gut microbial ecology of pigs.These insights will help nutritionists to develop dietary strategies that can modulate specific SCFA production and promote beneficial microbiota in the GIT of swine. | Utsav P.Tiwari Amit K.Singh Rajesh Jha | 2019 | Animal Nutrition2019，，3： | 11 |
| 9 | Review of the biological and engineering aspects of algae to fuels approach显示文摘Current biofuel production relies on limited arable lands on the earth,and is impossible to meet the biofuel demands.Oil producing algae are alternative biofuel feedstock with potential to meet the world’s ambitious goal to replace fossil fuels.This review provides an overview of the biological and engineering aspects in the production and processing technologies and recent advances in research and development in the algae to fuels approach.The article covers biology,selection and genetic modification of algae species and strains,production systems design,culture media and light management,harvest and dewatering,downstream processing,and environment and economic assessment.Despite the many advances made over several decades,commercialization of algal fuels remains challenging chiefly because of the techno-economic constraints.Technological breakthroughs in all major aspects must take place before commercial production of algal fuels becomes economically viable. | Paul Chen Min Min Yifeng Chen Liang Wang Yecong Li Qin Chen Chenguang Wang Yiqin Wan Xiaoquan Wang Yanling Cheng Shaobo Deng Kevin Hennessy Xiangyang Lin Yuhuan Liu Yingkuan Wang Blanca Martinez Roger Ruan | 2009 | International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2009，2，4： | 9 |
| 10 | Application of Protein Feed Processed by Microbial Fermentation to Dairy Cow显示文摘Methionine(Met)and lysine(Lys)have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids(AA)for maximum milk yield and milk protein production.Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment.This observation utilized fermented soybean meal(SBM),cottonseed meal(CSM),rapeseed meal(RSM)and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow.The results showed that the milk production,milk protein percentage,milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group(P<0.01),the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield,milk protein and milk fat content.The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed,the group of 0.5%was the best compared with the other groups. | Sun Zhe Liu Ying Pan Hong-bao Gao Xue-jun | 2014 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2014，21，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Effects of fumaric acid supplementation on methane production and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size显示文摘Background: In rumen fermentation, fumaric acid(FA) could competitively utilize hydrogen with methanogenesis to enhance propionate production and suppress methane emission, but both effects were diet-dependent. This study aimed to explore the effects of FA supplementation on methanogenesis and rumen fermentation in goats fed diets varying in forage and concentrate particle size.Methods: Four rumen-cannulated goats were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments: low or high ratio of forage particle size: concentrate particle size(Fps:Cps), without or with FA supplementation(24 g/d). Fps:Cps was higher in the diet with chopped alfalfa hay plus ground corn than in that with ground alfalfa hay plus crushed corn.Results: Both increasing dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation shifted ruminal volatile fatty acid(VFA) patterns toward more propionate and less acetate in goats. An interaction between dietary Fps:Cps and FA supplementation was observed for the ratio of acetate to propionate(A:P), which was more predominant when FA was supplemented in the low-Fps:Cps diet. Methane production was reduced by FA, and the reduction was larger in the low-Fps:Cps diet(31.72%) than in the high-Fps:Cps diet(17.91%). Fumaric acid decreased ruminal total VFA concentration and increased ruminal p H. No difference was found in ruminal DM degradation of concentrate or alfalfa hay by dietary Fps:Cps or FA. Goats presented a lower ruminal methanogen abundance with FA supplementation and a higher B. fibrisolvens abundance with high dietary Fps:Cps.Conclusions: Adjusting dietary Fps:Cps is an alternative dietary model for studying diet-dependent effects without changing dietary chemical composition. Fumaric acid supplementation in the low-Fps:Cps diet showed greater responses in methane mitigation and propionate increase. | Zongjun Li Nannan Liu Yangchun Cao Chunjia Jin Fei Li Chuanjiang Cai Junhu Yao | 2018 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2018，9，2： | 8 |
| 12 | Importance of hydrogenotrophic, aceticlastic and methylotrophic methanogenesis for methane production in terrestrial, aquatic and other anoxic environments: A mini review显示文摘Microbial methanogenesis is a major source of the greenhouse gas methane(CH4).It is the final step in the anaerobic degradation of organic matter when inorganic electron acceptors such as nitrate,ferric iron,or sulfate have been depleted.Knowledge of this degradation pathway is important for the creation of mechanistic models,prediction of future CH4 emission scenarios,and development of mitigation strategies.In most anoxic environments,CH4 is produced from either acetate(aceticlastic methanogenesis)or hydrogen(H2)plus carbon dioxide(CO2)(hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis).Hydrogen can be replaced by other CO2-type methanogenesis,using formate,carbon monoxide(CO),or alcohols as substrates.The ratio of these two pathways is tightly constrained by the stoichiometry of conversion processes.If the degradation of organic matter is complete(e.g.,degradation of straw in rice paddies),then fermentation eventually results in production of acetate and H2 at a ratio of>67%aceticlastic and<33%hydrogenotrophic methanogensis.However,acetate production can be favored when heterotrophic or chemolithotrophic acetogenesis is enhanced,and H2 production can be favored when syntrophic acetate oxidation is enhanced.This typically occurs at low and elevated temperatures,respectively.Thus,temperature can strongly influence the methanogenic pathway,which may range from 100%aceticlastic methanogenesis at low temperatures to 100%hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis at high temperatures.However,if the degradation of organic matter is not complete(e.g.,degradation of soil organic matter),the stoichiometry of fermentation is not tightly constrained,resulting,for example,in the preferential production of H2,followed by hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis.Preferential production of CH4 by either aceticlastic or hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis can also happen if one of the methanogenic substrates is not consumed by methanogens but is,instead,accumulated,volatilized,or utilized otherwise.Methylotrophic methanogens,which can use methanol as a substrate,are widespread,but it is unlikely that methanol is produced in similar quantities as acetate,CO2,and H2.Methylotrophic methanogenesis is important in saline environments,where compatible solutes are degraded to methyl compounds(trimethyl amine and dimethyl sulfide)and then serve as non-competitive substrates,while acetate and hydrogen are degraded by non-methanogenic processes,e.g.,sulfate reduction. | Ralf CONRAD | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Study on Lysine and Methionine Content Promotion of Soybean Meal by Probiotic Fermentation Process显示文摘Soybean meal (SBM) is commonly used for livestock feeds, but its application in diets for livestock is limited due to some antinutritional factors. The contents of methionine and lysine of soybean meal were promoted by Bacillus natto and Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation, benefial for the livestock feeds. It was crude protein (CP) 56.8%, methionine 43.56 mg · g-1, and lysine 74.87 mg · g-1, cows fed a diet with FSBM milk yield raised 14.2%, the change in the milk protein, the lactose and the dry matter content had also obvious increase. This convenient technique offers helpful exploration for industrialization of soybean meal fermentation. | Lu Zhi-yong Gao Xue-jun Huang Jian-guo Liu Rong Liu Ying Qiao Bin Qiu You-wen | 2012 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)2012，19，1： | 8 |
| 14 | Processing techniques of selected oilseed by-products of potential use in animal feed: Effects on proximate nutrient composition, amino acid profile and antinutrients显示文摘The effects of processing by autoclaving(AC), soaking(SK), short-term fermentation(S-TF, 4 d) and longterm fermentation(L-TF, 14 d) on the nutritional composition, amino acid profile and some antinutrients were determined for cottonseed meal(CSM), groundnut meal(GNM) and groundnut husk(GH) in this study. After processing, crude protein content improved by 11% after L-TF, and crude lipid content 25%after SK for CSM; crude protein content improved by 27% after S-TF and L-TF, and crude lipid content 13%after SK for GNM. Soaking and fermentation were shown to significantly increase essential amino acid contents by 44%(SK, methionine) in CSM and 46% in GNM(L-TF, histidine). Phosphorus content was reduced by 59% in CSM and 57% in GNM by L-TF. All processing techniques, with the exception of AC,reduced phytic acid and gossypol contents in CSM and GNM. It was concluded that SK and fermentation were simple, cost-effective, and efficient ways to improve the nutritional value of the selected oilseed byproducts. | Collins P.Duodu Daniel Adjei-Boateng Regina E.Edziyie Nelson W.Agbo Godfred Owusu-Boateng Bodil K.Larsen Peter V.Skov | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，4： | 7 |
| 15 | Metabolomics mechanism of traditional soy sauce associated with fermentation time显示文摘Given that fermentation time has significant impact on quality and flavor of soy sauce,a global understanding of the metabolic mechanism as fermentation time prolonged is essential for producing satisfactory and consistent quality of traditional soy sauce.Herein,the metabolic compounds changes of soy sauce associated with fermentation time up to 10 years were comprehensively investigated by using Chinese traditional fermented soy sauce(CTFSS)as a demonstration.Results showed that formaldehyde nitrogen,total soluble nitrogen(TSN),non-salt soluble solids,amino acids,free 5’-nucleotides and volatile compounds in CTFSS changed obviously during fermentation.Specifically,glutamic acid and aspartic acid were prominent in CTFSS.Continuous decrease in content of hypoxanthine(Hx)was found from 1 M(1-month soy sauce)to7 M(7-months soy sauce).Furthermore,a significant opposite tendency for changes between some volatile compounds and amino acids was indicated that there was a transformation between these two components.Therefore,a better understanding to the influence of fermentation time on soy sauce had been proposed.As the formation and conversion of amino acids and sugars might be mainly responsible for flavor formation in CTFSS,the ratio of these two reactions rate led the metabolism to be divided into three steps,degradation,conversion and balance. | Li Zhu Siyu He Ying Lu Jianhong Gan Ningping Tao Xichang Wang Zaoli Jiang Yuanxiang Hong Changhua Xu | 2022 | Food Science and Human Wellness2022，11，2： | 7 |
| 16 | 面向未来的中国人类学和民族学──北京部分博士(博士候选人)关于本学科发展座谈纪要显示文摘面向未来的中国人类学和民族学──北京部分博士(博士候选人)关于本学科发展座谈纪要1995年3月31日,在京人类学民族学博士(博士候选人)聚集一堂,并邀请几位社会学,民俗学出身的博士一同从学术上探讨人类学民族学教学、科研以及该学科发展问题。座谈会由中央... | | 1995 | 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1995，18，4： | 6 |
| 17 | Enhanced Carotenoid Production by a Mutant of the Marine Yeast Rhodotorula sp. hidai显示文摘After a serial of UV, EMS and NTG mutagenesis, a mutant named MM of the red marine yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. hidai was obtained. The mutant MM could produce 603.93 μg g-1 of carotenoid within 5 days in the medium containing 4.0 g sucrose, 1.5 g yeast extract, 0.1 g MgSO4, and 100 mL of sea water, with pH 6.0 and at 30 ℃, while only 213.18 μg g-1 of carotenoid was pro-duced by the wild type under the same conditions. | CONG Li, CHI Zhenming*, LI Jing, and WANG Xianghong UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China | 2007 | Journal of Ocean University of China2007，6，1： | 6 |
| 18 | Repeated-Batch and Continuous Production of L-Lactic Acid by Rhizopus oryzae Immobilized in Calcium Alginat Beads:ReactorPerformance and Kinetic Model显示文摘Repeated-batch and continuous production of L-lactic acid by immobilized Rhizopusoryzae with calcium alginate entrapment method in a three-phase fluidized-bed bioreactor was stud-ied.The operation conditions were optimized.The productivity based on total reactor volume wasabout 3 times higher than that with free cells in a traditional stirred tank bioreactor.A mathemat-ical model was proposed and the model predictions were in good agreement with the experimentaldat. | 李学梅 林建平 刘茉娥 岑沛霖 | 1998 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering1998，6，4： | 5 |
| 19 | MUTAGENICITY AND CARCINOGENICITY OF FISH SAUCE FROM A COUNTY WITH THE HIGH RISK FOR GASTRIC CANCER IN CHINA显示文摘The mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of fish sauce (FS) sample from Changle County, a high gastric cancer mortality (113.20/105) area, were investigated with the biologic short-term tests and laboratory animal experiment. The results showed that the extract of FS was markedly direct mutagenic toward S. typhimurium TA100, induced high sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) and micronucleus (MN) in V79 cells after nitrosation with sodium nitrite. But the non-nitrosated FS did not. The nitrosated fish sauce (NFS) also induced SOS in E. coli PQ37 and alkylation of calfthymus DNA. The potency of NFS to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) in human normal gastric mucosal cells was increased about fivefold compared with FS. When the NFS extract was given to newborn rats by gavage, dys-plasia and adenocaroinoma were induced in the glandular stomach in the 4th and 16th experimental week, respectively. N-nitrosamides were also found in NFS, which may account for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of NFS. It is | 邓大君 张汝黻 陈跃 陈重升 金山 朱少侠 | 1991 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research1991，3，1： | 5 |
| 20 | 继往开来,发展中国人类学显示文摘继往开来,发展中国人类学费孝通今天我没有什么准备,大家聚了20多天,分离在即,都有一点离别之感,所以今天这个典礼上聚一聚,再吃顿饭,是一个RitualProcess(仪式过程)的完成。此刻,我有很多感触。就我所知,大家对这个班还是感到满意的。这表明,... | 费孝通 | 1995 | 广西民族大学学报(哲学社会科学版)1995，18，4： | 5 |
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