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| 1 | Big Grain3, encoding a purine permease, regulates grain size via modulating cytokinin transport in rice显示文摘Grain size is an important agronomic trait affecting grain yield,but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be elucidated.Here,we isolated a dominant mutant,big grainy(bg3-D),which exhibits a remarkable increase of grain size caused by activation of the PURINE PERMEASE gene,OsPUP4.BC3/OSPUP4 is predominantly expressed in vascular tissues and is specifically suppressed by exogenous cytokinin application.Hormone profiling revealed that the distribution of different cytokinin forms,in roots and shoots of the bg3-D mutant,is altered.Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR(qRT-PCR)analysis indicated that expression of rice cytokinin type-A RESPONSE REGULATOR(OsRR)genes is enhanced in the roots of the bgj-D mutant.These results suggest that OSPUP4 might contribute to the long-distance transport of cytokinin,by reinforcing cytokinin loading into vascular bundle cells.Furthermore,plants overexpressing OsPUP7,the closest homolog of OsPUP4,also exhibited a similar phenotype to the bg3-D mutant.Interestingly,subcellular localization demonstrated that OSPUP4 was localized on the plasma membrane,whereas OSPUP7 was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum.Based on these findings,we propose that OSPUP4 and OSPUP7 function in a linear pathway to direct cytokinin cell-to-cell transport,affecting both its long-distance movement and local allocation. | Yunhua Xiao Dapu Liu Guoxia Zhang Shaopei Gao Linchuan Liu Fan Xu Ronghui Che Yiqin Wang Hongning Tong Chengcai Chu | 2019 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2019，61，5： | 7 |
| 2 | Pre-course student performance prediction with multi-instance multi-label learning显示文摘Dear editor,Studying courses is one of the most basic and important tasks for college students.For each new course,the initial period of learning is crucial for students,and seriously influences subsequent learning activities.However,given a large number of classes in universities,it has become impossible for teachers to keep track of the individual performance of each student.In these circumstances,it is desirable to predict each student’s performance on a certain course prior to its commencement. | Yuling MA Chaoran CUI Xiushan NIE Gongping YANG Kashif SHAHEED Yilong YIN | 2019 | Science China(Information Sciences)2019，62，2： | 5 |
| 3 | Rare and endangered plant species of the Chinese Altai Mountains显示文摘Altai (also named Altay in China) Mountain Country (Mountain System) is a unique natural region,located on the border between different floristic regimes of the Boreal and ancient Mediterranean sub-kingdoms,where distribution of plant species is actually limited. It is known to have sufficient endemic floral biodiversity in the Northern Asia. Many plants of Altai Mountain System need effective care and proper conservation measures for their survival and longer-term protection. Important Plant Area identified as the IUCN (the International Union for Conservation of Nature),specified criteria attract global attention for protection of floral biodiversity across the world. The records of 71 plant species from the Chinese Altai Mountains attributed to the criterion A and the dark conifer forests of Chinese Altai Mountains satisfied the criterion C,which may help qualify to fulfill the national obligation of the Convention on Biological Diversity. | Marina V.OLONOVA | 2010 | Journal of Arid Land2010，2，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Establishing minimum clinically important difference values for the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function, hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction, and knee injury and osteoarthritis out显示文摘AIM To establish minimum clinically important difference(MCID) for measurements in an orthopaedic patient population with joint disorders.METHODS Adult patients aged 18 years and older seeking care for joint conditions at an orthopaedic clinic took the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Physical Function(PROMIS~? PF) computerized adaptive test(CAT), hip disability and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(HOOS JR), and the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint reconstruction(KOOS JR) from February 2014 to April 2017. MCIDs were calculated using anchorbased and distribution-based methods. Patient reports of meaningful change in function since their first clinic encounter were used as an anchor.RESULTS There were 2226 patients who participated with a mean age of 61.16(SD = 12.84) years, 41.6% male, and 89.7% Caucasian. Mean change ranged from 7.29 to 8.41 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT, from 14.81 to 19.68 for the HOOS JR, and from 14.51 to 18.85 for the KOOS JR. ROC cut-offs ranged from 1.97-8.18 for the PF CAT, 6.33-43.36 for the HOOS JR, and 2.21-8.16 for the KOOS JR. Distribution-based methods estimated MCID values ranging from 2.45 to 21.55 for the PROMIS~? PF CAT; from 3.90 to 43.61 for the HOOS JR, and from 3.98 to 40.67 for the KOOS JR. The median MCID value in the range was similar to the mean change score for each measure and was 7.9 for the PF CAT, 18.0 for the HOOS JR, and 15.1 for the KOOS JR.CONCLUSION This is the first comprehensive study providing a wide range of MCIDs for the PROMIS? PF, HOOS JR, and KOOS JR in orthopaedic patients with joint ailments. | Man Hung Jerry Bounsanga Maren W Voss Charles L Saltzman | 2018 | World Journal of Orthopedics2018，9，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Decadal variations in the community status of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea显示文摘With the decline of fish stocks,the proportions of economically important invertebrates like crustaceans and cephalopods have increased in the Bohai Sea.The community structure and trophic level of economically important invertebrates were analyzed using the bottom trawl survey data collected by the Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute in the Bohai Sea in May and August of 1958–1959,1982,1992–1993,2004,2009 and 2015.A total of 37 species of economically important invertebrates,belonging to 5 orders,24 families,were captured.The biomass densities of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015.Oratosquilla oratoria and Loligo spp.were the most dominant species in the past 30 years,the biomass proportion of O.oratoria increased gradually in both May and August from 1982 to 2015.Moreover,biodiversity indices of economically important invertebrates in the Bohai Sea appeared to decline from 1982 to 2004 and then increased in 2015.Similarly,the mean trophic level of economically important invertebrates declined from 1982 to 2004 and increased slightly in 2015.Overall,although the proportions of invertebrates have increased,the biomass densities in the Bohai Sea have displayed an overall downward trend from 1982 to 2015.The increases in the biodiversity and trophic level of economically important invertebrates after the 2000s,possibly benefit from stock enhancement projects implemented by governments at different levels and national fishery management measures such as the“double-control”of the total number and engine power of fishing vessels and summer moratorium of fishing. | Qiang Wu Lisha Guan Zhongyi Li Xiujuan Shan Xianshi Jin | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，10： | 3 |
| 6 | Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference of the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire after cataract surgery显示文摘AIM: To investigate the Chinese version of the Low Vision Quality of Life Questionnaire(CLVQOL) as an instrument for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery.METHODS: Patients underwent cataract surgery in Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, who fit the inclusion criteria were recruited. Two CLVQOLs were administered, including a preoperative CLVQOL and a CLVQOL at the end of the 3 mo follow-up period, and were completed using face-to-face interviews or phone interviews conducted by trained investigators. The minimal clinically important difference(MCID) was calculated using an anchor-based method and a distribution method. In addition, the responsiveness of the questionnaire was measured.RESULTS: A total of 155 residents were enrolled. The average visual acuity(VA) preoperatively was 0.08(SD=0.05), and it increased to 0.47(SD=0.28) at the end of followup. Statistically significant positive changes in the CLVQOL scores indicated significant improvement of vision related quality of life after cataract surgery. With the larger value between the two results as the final value, the MCID values of the CLVQOL(scores of the four scales as well as the total score) were 8.94, 2.61, 4.34, 3.10 and 17.63, respectively. The CLVQOL has both good internal and external responsiveness.CONCLUSION: CLVQOL scores are appropriate instruments for obtaining clinically important changes after cataract surgery. This study is an effective exploration for establishingcataract surgery efficacy standards, which helps clinical and scientific research workers in ophthalmology to gain a more in-depth understanding when using CLVQOL. | Wen-Wen Xue Pei Zhang Hai-Dong Zou | 2019 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2019，12，3： | 3 |
| 7 | Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems显示文摘By the generalized variational principle of two kinds of variables in general me-chanics,it was demonstrated that two Lagrangian classical relationships can be applied to both holonomic systems and nonholonomic systems. And the restriction that two Lagrangian classical relationships cannot be applied to nonholonomic systems for a long time was overcome. Then,one important formula of similar La-grangian classical relationship called the popularized Lagrangian classical rela-tionship was derived. From Vakonomic model,by two Lagrangian classical rela-tionships and the popularized Lagrangian classical relationship,the result is the same with Chetaev's model,and thus Chetaev's model and Vakonomic model were unified. Simultaneously,the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic system was established. By some representative examples,it was validated that the Lagrangian theoretical framework of dynamics of nonholonomic systems is right. | LIANG LiFu1,HU HaiChang2 & CHEN DeMin3 1 College of Civil Engineering,Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China 2 Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Chinese Academy of Space Technology,Beijing 100086,China 3 College of Vehicle Engineering,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Biosynthesis of the Central Piperidine Nitrogen Heterocycle in Series a Thiopeptides显示文摘Summary of main observation and conclusion Thiopeptides,arising from complex posttranslational modifications of a genetically encoded precursor peptide,are of great interest due to their structural complexity and important biological activities.All of these antibiotics share a macrocyclic peptidyl core that contains a central,six-membered nitrogen heterocycle and are classified into five series a-e based on the oxidation state of the central nitrogenous ring.Here,we report that the biosynthesis of the central piperidine heterocycle of series a thiopeptides relies on the activity of homologues of an F420H2-dependent reductase TppX4 by exploiting and characterizing the piperidine-containing thiopeptin biosynthetic gene (tpp)cluster in Streptomyces tateyamensis.In vitro reconstruction of TppX4 activity demonstrated that the piperidine heterocycle of thiopeptins was transformed from a dehydropiperidine heterocycle,and TppX4 tolerated the changes in the C-termini and macrocyclic peptidyl core of substrate and also tolerated dehyropiperidine-containing monocyclic or bicyclic thiopeptides.The identification of TppX4 and its substrate tolerance enriches the biosynthetic toolbox for development of additional thiopeptide analogs for clinical drug screening. | Jingyu Liu Zhi Lin Hua Chen Heng Guo Jiang Tao Wen Liu | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Chemistry2019，37，1： | 2 |
| 9 | 50 years of scanning electron microscopy of bone——a comprehensive overview of the important discoveries made and insights gained into bone material properties in health,disease,and taphonomy显示文摘Bone is an architecturally complex system that constantly undergoes structural and functional optimisation through renewal and repair.The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is among the most frequently used instruments for examining bone.It offers the key advantage of very high spatial resolution coupled with a large depth of field and wide field of view.Interactions between incident electrons and atoms on the sample surface generate backscattered electrons,secondary electrons,and various other signals including X-rays that relay compositional and topographical information.Through selective removal or preservation of specific tissue components (organic,inorganic,cellular,vascular),their individual contribution(s) to the overall functional competence can be elucidated.With few restrictions on sample geometry and a variety of applicable sample-processing routes,a given sample may be conveniently adapted for multiple analytical methods.While a conventional SEM operates at high vacuum conditions that demand clean,dry,and electrically conductive samples,non-conductive materials (e.g.,bone) can be imaged without significant modification from the natural state using an environmental scanning electron microscope.This review highlights important insights gained into bone microstructure and pathophysiology,bone response to implanted biomaterials,elemental analysis,SEM in paleoarchaeology,3D imaging using focused ion beam techniques,correlative microscopy and in situ experiments.The capacity to image seamlessly across multiple length scales within the meso-micro-nano-continuum,the SEM lends itself to many unique and diverse applications,which attest to the versatility and user-friendly nature of this instrument for studying bone.Significant technological developments are anticipated for analysing bone using the SEM. | Furqan A.Shah Krisztina Ruscsák Anders Palmquist | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy显示文摘We review the technique and research of the ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy and its applications in the field of the ultrafast dynamics of mesoscopic systems and nanomaterials. Combining femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy and scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM),we can obtain the spectra with ultrahigh temporal and spatial resolutions simultaneously. Some problems in doing so are discussed. Then we show the important applications of the ultrahigh spatiotemporal resolved spectroscopy with a few typical examples. | LI Zhi,ZHANG JiaSen,YANG Jing & GONG QiHuang Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China | 2007 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2007，50，6： | 2 |
| 11 | Effect of exclosure ages on woody plant structure,diversity and regeneration potential in the western Tigray region of Ethiopia显示文摘Exclosure is a method of rehabilitating degraded lands by protecting them from the interference of animals and from human encroachment, and is used to regenerate native vegetation as a way to reduce soil erosion, increase rain water infiltration and provide fodder and woody biomass in degraded grazing lands. Therefore, we studied woody plant structure, diversity and regeneration potentials in 5-and 10-year grazing exclosures in comparison with open grazed sites in a semi-arid environment. Data on species diversity, abundance, structure, basal area, frequency, density, and regeneration status were collected from 270 sample plots. Forty-one woody species representing 20 families were identified, with 18, 28 and 38 species found in open grazed areas, and in 5-and 10-year grazing exclosures, respectively. The 10-year grazing exclosures had a higher(P <0.05) species richness and plant densities compared to the 5-year grazing exclosures and the open grazed areas. The population structure and regeneration status of woody species in both grazing exclosures showed an inverted J-shape, indicating a healthy regeneration status, whereas hampered regeneration was observed in open grazed areas. The establishment of grazing exclosures had positive effects in restoring woody plant diversity and improving vegetation structure and regeneration potentials of degraded grazing lands. | Tsegay Gebregerges Zewdu K.Tessema Emiru Birhane | 2018 | Journal of Forestry Research2018，29，3： | 1 |
| 12 | The structure of the human 4F2hc-LAT1 heteromeric amino acid transporter显示文摘Amino acids are biologically important molecules that serve as energy source, building blocks of proteins, precursors for metabolites and signaling compounds in all living cells.Transport of proteinogenic amino acids and related substances across biological membranes is mediated by membrane embedded proteins:the amino acid transporters. These membrane proteins belong to different solute carrier (SLC)families (http://gffzzbd972c7397f44534h0fwubvuwfnx06fon.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn) and transfer amino acids in and out between compartments inside cells, between different cells and between organs. Amino acid transporters have diverse important physiological functions and their absence, overexpression and malfunction can lead to human diseases. | Dimitrios Fotiadis Jean-Marc Jeckelmann | 2019 | Science China(Life Sciences)2019，62，6： | 1 |
| 13 | 让孩子们拥有阳光起点显示文摘The first 1,000 days of life is believed to be greatly important for a person.Inappropriate parenting methods and malnutrition during early childhood will impact a child's lifelong health and development. | 吴波(文/摄影) | 2019 | Women of China2019，0，9： | 0 |
| 14 | An earthquake data acquisition system for mobile ob-servation显示文摘Besides the same performance as the earthquake observation system possess used on the fixed earthquake station, such as wide dynamic range, high resolution, following special features are necessary for the earthquake data acquisition system (EDAS) applied for mobile observing in order to suit for running in the field: a) Reliability. The EDAS must work stably long time without being cared. b) Adaptability to the field environments. Earthquake observing in the field often encounters awful environments, such as dampness, dust, and abnormal climate, so how to make the instrument run well in the field circumstance must be considered. c) Ability of anti-vibration. The instrument for outdoor application must keep free from being destroyed during being transported long distance to the destination. d) Storage capacity. Because seismological data is large, how to store and collect the large amount data conveniently from the field is always a difficult point in the mobile observing system design. e) Automation. Timing and positioning automatically is necessary in the field. f) Power consumption. To reduce the power con-sumption as low as possible is very important to the mobile instrument which are powered with battery. g) Ability of testing itself. Testing itself automatically make it convenient in the fieldwork. h) Portability. The instrument must be portable and simply operated. | TENG Yun-tian | 2001 | Acta Seismologica Sinica(English Edition)2001，14，5： | 0 |
| 15 | Role of Nanfan Base and Recommendations about Construction and Management显示文摘This paper first analyzes the important role of Nanfan Base in China: ' accelerator' for breeding new varieties of crops; ' unallocated store' to ensure the varieties for agricultural production; ' lightning rod' to ensure the quality and safety of seeds; ' big stage' for variety and technical exchanges and cooperation; ' big school' for cultivating seed industry technology talents; ' booster' for promoting local economic development. Then it points out the main problems about Nanfan Base and finally sets forth the relevant recommendations. | Hongbo DUAN Yang DAI Xiangping LIU Zhixin LI Xiaomin ZHANG | 2015 | Asian Agricultural Research2015，7，12： | 0 |
| 16 | My Important Days显示文摘There are lots of important clays in our lives,such as our own birthday,some traditional Chinese festivals and western holidays.I also have some important days,such as my family members'birthdays. | 徐凌风 周敏(指导) | 2019 | 阅读2019，，9： | 0 |
| 17 | Yin and Yang显示文摘Yin(lunar or negative)and yang(solar or positive)constitute a very important part of traditional Chinese philosophy.For thousands of years,the concept of changes between yin and yang has exerted a profound influence on Chinese people's knowledge of the world and their daily life.It has also played a vitally important role in the theory and practice of wushu. | Zhou Qingjie | 2019 | ChinAfrica2019，11，9： | 0 |
| 18 | Investigation of the incidences of non-mo-tor symptoms in siblings and spouses of patients withParkinson's disease显示文摘Objective Non-motor symptoms are important prodromal characteristics of Parkinson's disease(PD).The siblings and the spouses of PD patients do not have classic motor symptoms.This study aimed to investigate if they have PD prodromal symptoms.Methods A total of 98 PD patients from the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University were recruited between January 2015 and August 2017;256 siblings of these patients were included in a siblings group,87 spouses of PD patients were included in a spouses group and 250 healthy individuals were included in a control group.Various scales were used to assess non-motor symptoms,including depression,anxiety,cognitive function,sleep status,constipation,daytime sleepiness,subjective olfactory disorder,rapid-eye-movement sleep behavior disorder(RBD),and restless legs syndrome(RLS).Results The incidence of anxiety(OR=3.06,95% CI 1.86-5.05,P<0.01),depression(OR=2.16,95% CI 1.16-4.04,P=0.01),RBD(OR=3.83,95% CI 1.79-8.19,P<0.01)and subjective olfactory disorder(OR=4.48,95% CI 2.02-9.90,P<0.01)was higher in the siblings group than in the control group.There were no statistically significant differences in constipation,cognitive impairment,sleep disorder,daytime sleepiness,and RLS between the two groups.There were no statistically significant differences in non-motor symptoms between the spouses group and the control group,except that the mild depression(OR=2.58,95% CI 1.07-6.20,P=0.03)in the spouses group was more obvious.Conclusion The siblings of PD patients are more likely to have PD prodromal symptoms compared with those without PD family history,perhaps because PD patients and their siblings have common pathogenic genetic factors and early living environment for neurode-generation.There are no obvious non-motor symptoms in the spouses of PD patients.It can be concluded that the onset of PD is not related to the family life environment in adulthood. | 刘姜冰 | 2018 | China Medical Abstracts(Internal Medicine)2018，35，4： | 0 |
| 19 | China-Africa Highlights显示文摘The year 2018 is a big year for China-Africa relations.Many important events that continue to reshape bilateral cooperation took place.Events such as the Beijing Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation have injected great impetus for bilateral cooperation in the future.ChinAfrfca has selected 10 of the most significant cooperative events of last year in chronological order. | | 2019 | ChinAfrica2019，11，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Healthy Eating显示文摘Good morning, everyone. It’s my honor to speak here. Today I’d like to share something about healthy eating.As the saying goes, the first wealth is health. It is very important for us to keep healthy. In my opinion, a healthy eating habit is good for staying healthy.How to keep a healthy eating habit? First, have a balanced diet rich in fruit and vegetables. | 丰凯强 陈传光 | 2019 | 中学生英语2019，，3： | 0 |
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