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| 1 | Historical biogeography of Melicope (Rutaceae)and its close relatives with a special emphasis on Pacific dispersals显示文摘The genus Melicope (Rutaceae)occurs on most Pacific archipelagos and is perfectly suited to study Pacific biogeography.The main goal was to infer the age,geographic origin and colonization patterns of Melicope and its relatives.We sequenced three nuclear and two plastid markers for 332specimens that represent 164species in 16genera of Rutaceae.Phylogenetic reconstruction,molecular dating,ancestral area reconstruction and diversification analyses were carried out.The two main clades (Acronychia-Melicope and Euodia)originated in Australasia and their crown ages are dated to the Miocene.Diversification rates differed among the subclades and were lowest in the Euodia lineage and highest in the Hawaiian Melicope lineage.The Malagasy and Mascarene species form a clade,which split from its SE Asian relatives in the Pliocene/P[eistocene.At least eight colonizations to the Pacific islands occurred.The timing of all colonizations except for the Hawaiian group is congruent with age of the island ages.Australia,New Guinea and New Caledonia have been the source of colonizations into the Pacific islands in the Melicope clade.Melicope shows high dispersability and has colonized remote archipelagos such as the. Austral and Marquesas Islands each twice.Colonization of islands of the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain likely predates the ages of the current main islands,and the initial colonization to Kaua'i occurred after the splitting of the Hawaiian.lineage into two subclades.Wider ecological niches and adaptations to bird-dispersal likely account for the much higher species richness in the Acronychia-Melicope clade compared to the Euodia clade. | Marc S.Appelhans Jun Wen Marco Duretto Darren Crayn Warren L.Wagner | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 8 |
| 2 | Origins of the Hawaiian flora:Phylogenies and biogeography reveal patterns of long-distance dispersal显示文摘Botanists have long considered the origins of the Hawaiian flora in terms of long-distance dispersal from particular source areas.We extensively reviewed phylogenetic studies of the Hawaiian angiosperm flora to determine the most likely region of origin for each lineage from a defined set of source areas.We also evaluated dispersal modes of each lineage to assess whether certain dispersal modes are associated with a given source area. The largest source category was Widespread (involving related taxa that extend across more than one region), although many of these comprised native non-endemic species,and accounted for little of the total species diversity (after accounting for in situ speciation).The next largest source regions were Indo-Malayan and Neotropical. Comparatively few lineages originated from the East Asian region,although these include the single largest lineage. Lineages originating in the Indo-Malayan region predominantly arrived via Pacific islands,whereas dispersal from all other regions appears to have been mostly direct.Compared with previous analyses,we found a higher proportion of lineages originating in the Neotropics and temperate North America.Widespread origins were positively associated with dispersal via flotation on water,whereas other origins were associated with dispersal by birds, either through internal transport or external adhesion.We identified thirty-one potential cases of dispersal out of Hawaii to other islands.Our assessment is complicated by lineages with ancient origins,with further complications likely stemming from hybridization events.Overall,numerous lineages including some distinctive endemic genera have not had sufficient phylogenetic study to determine an origin. | Jonathan P.Price Warren L.Wagner | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 8 |
| 3 | Relative importance of spatial processes and environmental factors in shaping alpine meadow communities显示文摘Spatial processes and environmental control are the two distinct,yet not mutually exclusive forces of community structuring,but the relative importance of these factors is controversial due to the speciesspecific dispersal ability,sensitivity towards environmental variables,organism’s abundance and the effect of spatial scale.In the present paper,we explored spatial versus environmental control in shaping community composition(i.e.b-diversity)and species turnover(i.e.change of b-diversity)at an alpine meadow along a slope aspect gradient on the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau at different spatial scales of sampling(quadrats and plots),by taking account of seed dispersal mode and abundance.Methods We examined the relative importance of spatial processes and environmental factors using all species and four additional subsets of selected species.Moreover,we attempted to explore the effect of scale(quadrat refers to scale of;0.3 m and plot of;8 m)on their counter balance.The data were analyzed both by variation partitioning and multiple regressions on distance matrices.The spatial structure was modelled using Moran’s eigenvector maps(MEM).Important Findings Both spatial processes and environmental factors were important determinants of the community composition and species turnover.The community composition in the alpine meadow was controlled by spatially structured environment(17.6%),space independent of environment(18.0%)and a negligible effect of environment independent of space(4.4%)at the scale of quadrats.These three components contributed 21.8,9.9 and 13.9%,respectively,at the scale of plots.The balance between the forces at different spatial scales drove community structures along the slope aspect gradient.The importance of environmental factors on b-diversity at alpine meadow increased with scale while that of spatial processes decreased or kept steady,depending on dispersal mode and abundance of species comprising the subset.But the‘pure’effect of spatial processes on species turnover increased with scale while that of environmental factors decreased.This discrepancy highlights that b-diversity and species turnover were determined jointly by spatial processes and environmental factors.We also found that the relative roles of these processes vary with spatial scale.These results underline the importance of considering species-specific dispersal ability and abundance of species comprising the communities and the appropriate spatial scale in understanding the mechanisms of community assembly. | Qi Li Xue Yang Janne Soininen Cheng-Jin Chu Jie-Qi Zhang Kai-Liang Yu Gang Wang | 2011 | Journal of Plant Ecology2011，4，4： | 7 |
| 4 | A tale of worldwide success:Behind the scenes of Carex(Cyperaceae)biogeography and diversification显示文摘The megadiverse genus Carex(c.2000 species,Cyperaceae)has a nearly cosmopolitan distribution,displaying an inverted latitudinal richness gradient with higher species diversity in cold-temperate areas of the Northern Hemisphere.Despite great expansion in our knowledge of the phylogenetic history of the genus and many molecular studies focusing on the biogeography of particular groups during the last few decades,a global analysis of Carex biogeography and diversification is still lacking.For this purpose,we built the hitherto most comprehensive Carex-dated phylogeny based on three markers(ETS-ITS-matK),using a previous phylogenomic Hyb-Seq framework,and a sampling of two-thirds of its species and all recognized sections.Ancestral area reconstaiction,biogeographic stochastic mapping,and diversification rate analyses were conducted to elucidate macroevolutionary biogeographic and diversification patterns.Our results reveal that Carex originated in the late Eocene in E Asia,where it probably remained until the synchronous diversification of its main subgeneric lineages during the late Oligocene.E Asia is supported as the cradle of Carex diversification,as well as a< | Santiago Martin-Bravo Pedro Jimenez-Mejias Tamara Villaverde Marcial Escudero Marlene Hahn Daniel Spalink Eric H.Roalson Andrew L.Hipp the Global Carex Group Carmen Benitez-Benitez Leo P.Bruederle Elisabeth Fitzek Bruce A.Ford Kerry A.Ford Mira Gamer Sebastian Gebauer Matthias H.Hoffmann Xiao-Feng Jin Isabel Larridon Etienne Ldveilld-Bourret Yi-Fei Lu Modesto Luceno Enrique Maguilla Jose Ignacio Marquez-Corro Monica Miguez Robert Naczi Anton A.Reznicek Julian R.Starr | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，6： | 6 |
| 5 | Community structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling of microbiome existing in fat body and ovary of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens显示文摘The endosymbionts play vital roles in growth, development and reproduction in insects. Yeast-like endosymbionts (YLSs) have been well studied in Nilaparvata lugens (N. lugens), but little is known about the tissue-specific bacterial microbiomes, especially on the microbial intersection among internal tissues. Here, the correlation of microbial composition, structure, dispersal ability and functional profiling were illuminated in two tissues, the fat body and ovary in N. lugens. A total of 11 phyla and 105 genera were captured from all samples;Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were the most predominant and accounted for more than 99% in all samples. However, the relative abundance ofFirmicutes and Proteobacteria was significantly different in ovary and fat body through Fisher's Least Significant Difference test. Microbial diversity but not the richness index in the two tissues exhibited significant difference. Furthermore, the microbial community structure of the ovary and fat body were primarily determined by tissue quality. Firmicutes showed strong dispersal ability between ovary and fat body based on the quantitative null model assessing, indicating the frequent interaction of these microbiomes in the two tissues. In addition, the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathways of microbial participation were delineated. The ten most abundant pathways counted for over 46% of the annotation and were shared between the two tissues, mainly containing Energy Metabolism and Amino Acid Metabolism/Biosynthesis. The results will provide insights into the correlation of microbial community structure between ovary and fat body of N. lugens. | Jian-Hua Zhang Na Yu Xi-Xia Xu Ze-Wen Liu | 2019 | Insect Science2019，26，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Post-fledging dispersal and habitat use of a reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon)显示文摘Background: Knowledge of dispersal movement of birds and their habitat preference during the post-fledging period is fundamental to the understanding of their ecological and evolutionary processes. The Crested Ibis is now being reintroduced to protected sites within its historical range, with the goal of establishing a self-sustaining population that may eventually qualify the species for delisting.Methods: We carried out an ecological study of post-fledging dispersal and habitat use of a reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon) from 2008 to 2012 in Ningshan County, China, by using banding and radio-telemetry methods.Results: In about two weeks(an average of 14.3 days) after fledging, the activities of the fledglings were concentrated in a range of about 100 m around their natal sites, such as the oak-pine forest patches at the edge of open habitats.During this period, fledglings were still partially dependent upon parental care and fed typically on a daily basis.Siblings increasingly became independent by mid-August and then gradually moved away from their natal sites to post-fledging dispersal locations. During the period of the post-fledging dispersal process, most juveniles moving southwest were concentrated at the mean direction(μ = 254.6°, ? = 70.5°) with a mean dispersal distance of 5.1 km.It took an average of 56.4 days to disperse from the natal territory to the first wintering area. Also, forging habitats for juvenile ibis varied with time and local conditions. For example, paddy fields were used most frequently among all habitat types, while shallow rivers just from August to October. Masson pine(Pinus massoniana) was often regarded as the roosting tree species preferred by the Crested Ibis, with the highest utilization rate among all the roosting habitat types. The juveniles of the wild population dispersed four times as far as that of the reintroduced population, but the overall pattern of post-fledging dispersal is similar for the reintroduced and wild populations.Conclusions: Our results are very useful for us to predict the distance and direction of dispersal under various landscape conditions in other released sites. The project is a good example for reintroducing endangered species to their former ranges, and will be valuable for the protection of reintroduced populations of this critically and other endangered species. | Zhiping Huo Junfeng Guo Xia Li Xiaoping Yu | 2014 | Chinese Birds2014，，1： | 4 |
| 7 | Entire Solutions for Nonlocal Dispersal Equations with Bistable Nonlinearity: Asymmetric Case显示文摘This paper mainly focuses on the entire solutions of a nonlocal dispersal equation with asymmetric kernel and bistable nonlinearity. Compared with symmetric case, the asymmetry of the dispersal kernel function makes more diverse types of entire solutions since it can affect the sign of the wave speeds and the symmetry of the corresponding nonincreasing and nondecreasing traveling waves.We divide the bistable case into two monostable cases by restricting the range of the variable, and obtain some merging-front entire solutions which behave as the coupling of monostable and bistable waves. Before this, we characterize the classification of the wave speeds so that the entire solutions can be constructed more clearly. Especially, we investigate the influence of the asymmetry of the kernel on the minimal and maximal wave speeds. | Li ZHANG Wan Tong LI Zhi Cheng WANG Yu Juan SUN | 2019 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2019，35，11： | 3 |
| 8 | Differences between the floras of the North and South Moluccas (Indonesia)显示文摘The north and south Moluccas (Indonesia)have very different geotectonic origins and,due to that,a difference in flora is to be expected.The north Moluccas moved westwards along the north coast of New Guinea to their present position,the south Moluccas moved north from Australia.On the other hand,a comparable climate in both areas and (partial)submergence during tectonic movement may have equalized both floras.Collection data from Naturalis Biodiversity Center on 1559species in 121families treated in Flora Malesiana were collected for the Moluccas,Sulawesi,and Western New Guinea (latitudes 9.2°S and 5.6~N and longitudes 118.8°E and 141°E)and georeferenced.Species Distribution Models (SDMs)were made,based on least correlated climate and edaphic variables,using only those species that were present in 5or more grid cells of 5-arc minutes and models were tested for deviation from random.Both areas differ significantly and share only 50%-65% of their species.The 348 significant SDMs differ much less,though still significantly,sharing 91%of the species.Despite strong climatic and edaphic similarities between the North and South Moluccas,they differ greatly in species composition,which is in support of geotectonic reconstructions.The differences between the North and South Moluccas suggest that the continuous dispersal barriers and tectonic backgrounds have influenced their current flora. | Anne L.J.Rutgrink Michael Visser Peter C.van Welzen | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 2 |
| 9 | Nutritional stress reduces flight performance and exploratory behavior in a butterfly显示文摘Anthropogenic global change, including agricultural intensification and climate change, poses a substantial challenge to many herbivores due to a reduced availability of feeding resources. The concomitant food stress is expected to detrimentally affect performance, amongst others in dispersal-related traits. Thus, while dispersal is of utmost importance to escape from deteriorating habitat conditions, such conditions may negatively feedback on the ability to do so. Therefore, we here investigate the impact of larval and adult food stress on traits related to dispersal ability, including morphology, physiology, flight performance, and exploratory behavior, in a butterfly. We show that inadequate nutrition during development and in the adult stage dim inishes flight performance, despite som e reallocation of somatic resources. Detrimental effects of food stress on flight performance were mainly caused by reductions in body mass and storage reserves. Similar results were found for exploratory behavior. Furthermore, exploratory behavior was found to be (moderately) repeatable at the individual level, which might indicate the existence of a personality trait. This notion is further supported by the fact that flight performance and exploratory behavior were positively correlated, potentially suggesting the existence of a dispersal syndrome. In summary, our findings may have important implications for dispersal in natural environments, as the conditions requiring dispersal the m ost impair flight ability and thereby likely dispersal rates. | Elisabeth Reim Danny Eichhorn Jan D.Roy Philip O.M.Steinhoff Klaus Fischer | 2019 | Insect Science2019，26，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Effects of breeding success,age and sex on breeding dispersal of a reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)in Ningshan County,China显示文摘Background: Breeding dispersal is an important ecological process that affects species' population dynamics and colonization of new suitable areas. Knowledge of the causes and consequences of breeding dispersal is fundamental to our understanding of avian ecology and evolution. Although breeding success for a wild and reintroduced population of the Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon) has been reported, the relationships between individuals' breeding dispersal and their breeding success, age and sex remain unclear.Methods: Ibises' breeding dispersal distance, which is the distance moved by adults between sites of reproduction, was estimated based on the observations of consecutive breeding sites of marked ibis individuals. From observational and capture-recapture data(n as = 102) over 9 years, individuals' breeding dispersal probability in relation to age, sex, and reproductive success wanalyzed via a generalized linear mixed effect modeling approach.Results: Our results show that 55% males and 51% females keep their previous territories following nesting success. Failed breeding attempts increased dispersal probabilities. Both females and males failed in breeding were more likely to disperse with greater distances than successful birds(females: 825 ± 216 m vs 196 ± 101 m, males: 372 Crested Ibis exhibited a female-biased dispersal pattern that the mean dispersal distance± 164 m vs 210 ± 127 m). of females(435 ± 234 m) was much larger than that of males(294 ± 172 m).Conclusion: Our results are fundamental to predict the patterns of breeding dispersal related to reproductive success under different release sites. From the conservation point of view, landscape connectivity between the reintroduced populations should be taken into account in accordance with the distance of breeding dispersal. | Rong Dong Xinping Ye Lin Zhong Xia Li Min Li Huaqiang Wang Xiaoping Yu | 2018 | Avian Research2018，9，4： | 2 |
| 11 | Diversity, distribution and resource values of woody climbers in tropical forests of southern Eastern Ghats, India显示文摘We investigated the distribution and resource values of liana species assessed in six hill complexes of southern Eastern Ghats, India. 143 liana species (DBH (diameter at breast height) ≥1.5 cm) and 32,033 liana individuals were recorded from 110 transects (0.5 ha each covering 55 ha area) in the study sites. The resource values of lianas were broadly categorized into ecological and economic importance. About 90% (129) of liana species and 96% (30,564) of liana individuals were established ecological/economic values. Fruit rewards provided by 76 species and 20,325 individuals constituted the major resource of ecological importance. 82 species and 21,457 liana individuals are of economic importance as medicine, edible fruits, edible and medicinal values, and yet others are used for different domestic purposes including furniture, fuel wood, rope making etc.. Ecologically, the prevalence of succulent diaspores in lianas of Indian Eastern Ghats indicates the animal dependence of many liana species for dispersal and underlines the need for a holistic and whole-forest conservation approach in maintaining forest biodiversity. | Chellam Muthumperumal Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy | 2013 | Journal of Forestry Research2013，24，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Global dispersal and diversification of the genus Schoenus (Cyperaceae) from the Western Australian biodiversity hotspot显示文摘The predominantly austral genus Schoenus L.is the largest genus in tribe Schoeneae and one of the ten most species-rich Cyperaceae genera,with over 150 accepted species found mostly in Australia,New Zealand,southeast Asia,and southern Africa.Here,we use data based on two nuclear and three plastid DNA regions to present one of the most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of a genus in Cyperaceae to date,covering over 70%of described species of Schoenus.After recent taxonomic realignments in the last 4 years have both added and removed species from the genus,we show that Schoenus is now monophyletic.In addition,our results indicate that Schoenus originated in Western Australia in the Paleocene and eventually dispersed to surrounding continents,but rarely back.The diversification rate of the genus appears to have slightly decreased over time,and there has not been an increase associated with the establishment of the Cape clade endemic to the sclerophyllous fynbos vegetation type,such as has been reported in other plant lineages endemic to the Cape region.These results will serve as a template to understanding the complex patterns of genome size evolution and to untangle drivers of diversification in this genus. | Tammy L.Elliott Ruan van Mazijk Russell L.Barrett Jeremy J.Bruhl Simon Joly Ngalirendwe Muthaphuli Karen L.Wilson A.Muthama Muasya | 2021 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2021，59，4： | 2 |
| 13 | Bachelor groups in primate multilevel society facilitate gene flow across fragmented habitats显示文摘In the face of ongoing habitat fragmentation,many primate species have experienced reduced gene flow resulting in a reduction of genetic diversity,population bottlenecks,and inbreeding depression,including golden snub-nosed monkeys Rhinopithecus roxellana.Golden snub-nosed monkeys live in a multilevel society composed of several 1 male harem units that aggregate to form a cohesive breeding band,which is followed by one or more bachelor groups composed of juvenile,subadult,and adult male members.In this research,we examine the continuous landscape resistance surface,the genetic diversity and patterns of gene flow among 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band in the Qinling Mountains,China.Landscape surface modeling suggested that human activities and ecological factors severely limit the movement of individuals among breeding bands.Although these conditions are expected to result in reduced gene flow,reduced genetic diversity,and an increased opportunity for a genetic bottleneck,based on population genetic analyses of 13 microsatellite loci from 188 individuals inhabiting 4 isolated breeding bands and 1 all-male band,we found high levels of genetic diversity but low levels of genetic divergence,as well as high rates of gene flow between males residing in the all-male band and each of the 4 breeding bands.Our results indicate that the movement of bachelor males across the landscape,along with their association with several different breeding bands,appears to provide a mechanism for promoting gene flows and maintaining genetic diversity that may counteract the otherwise isolating effects of habitat fragmentation. | Yu-Li Li Lu Wang Jin-Wei Wu Xin-Ping YE Paul AG arber Ying Yan Jia-Hui Liu Bao-Guo Li Xiao-Guang Qi | 2020 | Current Zoology2020，66，2： | 2 |
| 14 | Inferring the invasion mechanisms of the red swamp crayfish in China using mitochondrial DNA sequences显示文摘The red swamp crayfish,Procambarus clarkii,is a native species in north-eastern Mexico and south-central USA.P.clarkii was introduced to China in 1929 and has been used as an aquaculture species in China since 1983.It currently exists in most of the provinces of China,but threatens local fish,crustaceans,aquatic plants and local freshwater ecosystems.We examined the genetic variation in partial mitochondrial ND2 gene of 831 individuals collected from 25 P.clarkii populations in 13 provinces of China to infer the expansion pathways and mechanisms.Six haplotypes were detected.All six haplotypes appeared in four populations in Nanjing and a population located near Nanjing whereas only 1–5 of the six haplotypes were present in other populations.These data suggest that the populations in Nanjing are probably the source of all other populations in China.There were no significant relationships between geographic distances and genetic distances in 25 populations,whereas significant relationship was found in four populations in Qinhuai River covering 50 km in Nanjing.These data suggest that the expansion mainly be human-mediated in large scale,and active disposal or non-anthropogenic passive dispersal might have played an important role in expansion at a smaller scale.In some places far away from Nanjing,several haplotypes existed,suggested multiple introduction events may have happened.Although aquaculture of this species could bring huge economic benefit,its potential to negatively affect native biota and entire ecosystems should not be ignored. | Gen Hua Yue Jian-Bin Feng Jun Hong Xia Su Yin Cao Chun Ming Wang | 2021 | Aquaculture and Fisheries2021，6，1： | 2 |
| 15 | The odd one out or a hidden generalist:Hawaiian Melicope (Rutaceae)do not share traits associated with successful island colonization显示文摘Oceanic islands are unique in their species composition,which is defined by arrival of colonizers via long distance dispersal followed by establishment of species followed in some cases by adaptive radiation.Evolutionary biologists identified traits facilitating successful colonization of islands as including polyploidy,self-compatibility, herbaceousness and ability for long-distance dispersal.Successful establishment and evolutionary diversification of lineages on islands often involves shifts to woodiness and shifts in methods of outcrossing as well as changes in dispersal ability.The genus Meflicope colonized numerous archipelagos throughout the Pacific including the Hawaiian Islands,where the lineage comprises currently 54endemic species and represents the largest radiation of woody plants on the islands.The wide distributional range of the genus illustrates its high dispersibility,most likely, due to adaption to bird dispersal.Here we investigate ploidy in the genus using flow cytometry and chromosome counting.We find the genus to be paleopolyploid with 2n =4x =36,a ploidy level characterizing the entire subfamily Amyridoideae and dating back to at least the Palaeocene.Therefore Hawaiian MeHcope have not undergone recent polyploidization prior to colonization of the islands.Thus Nlelicope retained colonization success while exhibiting a combination of traits that typically characterize well established island specialists while lacking some traits associated to successful colonizers. | Claudia Paetzold Michael Kiehn Kenneth R.Wood Warren L.Wagner Marc S.Appelhans | 2018 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2018，56，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Variation and dispersal of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) during COVID-19 lockdown over Kolkata metropolitan city,India investigated through HYSPLIT model显示文摘The higher concentration of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere is severely harmful for human health and it also makes visibility diminution along with weather and climate modifications.The main objective is to find out the spatiotemporal variation and dispersal of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) along with COVID-19 infection in the dusty city Kolkata.The consecutive two years PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) data of different stations have been obtained from State Pollution Control Board,Govt.of West Bengal.Forward trajectory analysis has been done through HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory)model to find the path and direction of air particles.The result showed that the various meteorological or environmental factors(such as temperature,relative humidity,wind,wind speed,pressure and gusty wind)and geographical location regulate the spatiotemporal variation of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5).These factors like high temperature with relative humidity and strong wind influence to disperse the particulate matters from north to south direction from city to outside during summer in Kolkata metropolitan city.During summer(both pre and lockdown years),the height of particles is extended up to 1000 m owing to active atmospheric ventilation whereas in winter it is confined within 100 m.The HYSPLIT model clearly specified that the particles dispersed from south,south-west to north and north east direction due to strong wind.The constant magnification of PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the lower atmosphere leads to greater frequency of COVID-19 infections and deaths.In Kolkata,the one of the crucial reasons of high infection and deaths(COVID-19)is co-morbidity of people. | Biswajit Bera Sumana Bhattacharjee Nairita Sengupta Soumik Saha | 2022 | Geoscience Frontiers2022，13，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India显示文摘We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. Species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to < 10 cm dbh)increased significantly with increasing patch size, but the species richness and abundance of small, medium and larger trees(≥ 10 to < 30, ≥ 30 to < 60 and ≥ 60 cm dbh,respectively) did not. Overall, forest interior species richness and abundance increased significantly with increasing patch size but edge species richness did not. Species richness and abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-demanding tree species also increased with increasing patch size. The abundance of zoochory dispersed tree species was significantly related to increasing patch size, but those dispersed by autochory did not display any clear relationship between patch size and species richness or abundance.Our findings suggest that with increasing forest patch area,tree compositional patterns may be driven by species specific shade-tolerance adaptations and dispersal patterns.Differential responses in these traits by the plant community within the individual habitat zones of forest edge and interiors likely plays a major role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area. | Dharmalingam Mohandass Mason J.Campbell Priya Davidar | 2018 | Journal of Forestry Research2018，29，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Two awn-development-related peptides,GAD1 and OsEPFL2,promote seed dispersal and germination in rice显示文摘In nature,seed dispersal and germination are crucial for plant survival and propagation.Elaborate mechanisms have evolved that enhance the success of these events(Peart,1981;Bewley,1997),and the widespread distribution of grass species has been associated with the evolution of these traits.Many of these mechanisms are associated with characteristics that are intrinsic to the seed,such as awn development,seed shattering,and germination(Ntakirutimana et al.,2019).Awns and/or other seed appendages often help mature seeds to disperse widely and germinate under various challenging environments(Elbaum et al.,2007). | Jing Jin Luling Xiong Julie E.Gray Bin Hu Chengcai Chu | 2023 | Molecular Plant2023，16，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Dispersing male Parnassius smintheus butterflies are more strongly affected by forest matrix than are females显示文摘Dispersal is a central aspect of the ecology, evolution, and conservation of species. Predicting how species will respond to changing environmental conditions requires understanding factors that produce variation in dispersal. We explore one source of variation, differences between sexes within a spatial population network. Here, we compare the dispersal patterns of male and female Parnassius smintheus among 18 subpopulations over 8 years using the Virtual Migration Model. Estimated dispersal parameters differed between males and females, particularly with respect to movement through meadow and forest matrix habitat. The estimated dispersal distances of males through forest were much less than for females. Observations of female movement showed that, unlike males, females do not avoid forest nor does forest exert an edge effect. We explored whether further forest encroachment in this system would have different effects for males and females by fitting mean parameter estimates to the landscape configuration seen in 1993 and 2012. Despite differences in their dispersal due presumably to both habitat and physiological differences, males and females are predicted to respond in similar ways to reduced meadow area and increased forest isolation. | Jennifer Goff Catherine Yerke Nusha Keyghobadi Stephen F.Matter | 2019 | Insect Science2019，26，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Pulsating waves and entire solutions for a spatially periodic nonlocal dispersal system with a quiescent stage显示文摘This paper deals with the pulsating waves and entire solutions for a spatially periodic nonlocal dispersal model with a quiescent stage. By the method of super-and subsolutions together with the comparison principle, we establish the existence of pulsating waves with any speed larger than the spreading speed. The construction of the super-and subsolutions depends on the principal eigenvalue theory for a periodic eigenvalue problem with partially degenerate nonlocal dispersal. The joint results of this paper and our recent work(Wang J B, Li W T, Sun J W. Global dynamics and spreading speeds for a partially degenerate system with non-local dispersal in periodic habitats. Proc Roy Soc Edinburgh Sect A, 2018, 148: 849–880) show that the spreading speed coincides with the minimal wave speed of pulsating waves for the considered system. Moreover, combining the rightward and leftward pulsating waves with different speeds and a spatially periodic solution, we prove the existence and qualitative properties of entire solutions other than pulsating waves, which provide some new spreading ways in a heterogeneous habitat. | Jiabing Wang Wantong Li | 2019 | Science China Mathematics2019，62，12： | 1 |
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