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| 1 | De Novo Domestication:An Alternative Route toward New Crops for the Future显示文摘Current global agricultural production must feed over 7 billion people.However,productivity varies greatly across the globe and is under threat from both increased competitions for land and climate change and associated environmental deterioration.Moreover,the increase in human population size and dietary changes are putting an ever greater burden on agriculture.The majority of this burden is met by the cultivation of a very small number of species,largely in locations that differ from their origin of domestication.Recent technological advances have raised the possibility of de novo domestication of wild plants as a viable solution for designing ideal crops while maintaining food security and a more sustainable lowinput agriculture.Here we discuss how the discovery of multiple key domestication genes alongside the development of technologies for accurate manipulation of several target genes simultaneously renders de novo domestication a route toward crops for the future. | Alisdair R.Fernie Jianbing Yan | 2019 | Molecular Plant2019，12，5： | 32 |
| 2 | The transformation of agriculture in China: Looking back and looking forward显示文摘China's grain yield increased from 1 t ha^(–1) in 1961 to 6 t ha^(–1) in 2015, while successfully feeding not only its large population but also supplying agricultural products all over the world. These achievements were greatly supported by modern technology and distinct governmental policy. However, China's grain production has been causing a number of problems mainly related to declining natural resources and a lack of environmental protection. Due to the growing population and changing dietary requirements, increasing food production must be achieved by increasing resource use efficiency while minimizing environmental costs. We propose two novel development pathways that can potentially sustain agricultural crop production in the next few decades:(i) enhancing nutrient use efficiency with zero increase in chemical fertilizer input until 2020 and(ii) concurrently increasing grain yield and nutrient use efficiency for sustainable intensification with integrated nutrient management after 2020. This paper provides a perspective on further agricultural developments and challenges, and useful knowledge of our valuable experiences for other developing countries. | JIAO Xiao-qiang Nyamdavaa Mongol ZHANG Fu-suo | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，4： | 19 |
| 3 | The impacts of conservation agriculture on crop yield in China depend on specific practices, crops and cropping regions显示文摘For smooth and wide application of conservation agriculture(CA), remaining uncertainties about its impacts on crop yield need to be reduced. Based on previous field experiments in China, a meta-analysis was performed to quantify the actual impacts of CA practices(NT: no/reduced-tillage only, CTSR: conventional tillage with straw retention, NTSR: NT with straw retention) on crop yields as compared to conventional tillage without straw retention(CT).Although CA practices increased crop yield by 4.6% on average, there were large variations in their impacts. For each CA practice, CTSR and NTSR significantly increased crop yield by 4.9%and 6.3%, respectively, compared to CT. However, no significant effect was found for NT. Among ecological areas, significant positive effects of CA practices were found in areas with an annual precipitation below 600 mm. Similar effects were found in areas with annual mean air temperature above 5 °C. For cropping regions, CA increased crop yield by 6.4% and 5.5%compared to CT in Northwest and South China, respectively, whereas no significant effects were found in the North China and Northeast China regions. Among crops, the positive effects of CA practices were significantly higher in maize(7.5%) and rice(4.1%) than in wheat(2.9%). NT likely decreased wheat yield. Our results indicate that there are great differences in the impacts of CA practices on crop yield, owing to regional variation in climate and crop types. CA will most likely increase maize yield but reduce wheat yield. It is strongly recommended to apply CA with crop straw retention in maize cropping areas and seasons with a warm and dry climate pattern. | Chengyan Zheng Yu Jiang Changqing Chen Yanni Sun Jinfei Feng Aixing Deng Zhenwei Song Weijian Zhang | 2014 | The Crop Journal2014，2，5： | 15 |
| 4 | 南方水稻复种指数变化对国家粮食产能的影响及其政策启示(英文)显示文摘Changes in rice production in Southern China are crucial to national food security.This study employed Landsat images to map the distributions of paddy rice-cropping systems in Southern China in 1990 and 2015.The impact of rice multiple cropping index changes on grain production capacity was then evaluated.Three important results were obtained for the 1990 to 2015 study period.First,the multiple cropping index for rice decreased from 148.3% to 129.3%,and 253.16×10^4 ha of land area was converted from double-cropping to single- cropping rice,termed “double to single”.The area with the most dramatic changes is in the Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain.The rice-cropping system distribution in Southern China showed a change from north to south with double-cropping rice shrinking and single-cropping rice expanding.Second,the “double to single” conversion led to a reduction of 6.1% and 2.6% in rice and grain production,respectively.Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces,located in the main rice producing areas,and Zhejiang,which has shown better economic development,exhibited large reductions in rice production due to the “double to single” conversion,all exceeding 13%.Third,the grain production capacity of converted “double to single” paddy fields is equivalent to that of 223.3 × 10^4 ha of newly reclaimed cultivated land,which is 54% of the total newly cultivated land reclaimed through the 2001–2015 land consolidation project.It is also 1.7 times the target goal for newly cultivated land in the national land consolidation plan for 2016–2020.Making full use of the converted “double to single” paddy fields can save 167.44 billion yuan in newly reclaimed cultivated land costs.Therefore,instead of pursuing low-quality new arable land,it is better to make full use of the existing high-quality arable land.Based on these results,the government should change the assessment method for cultivated land balance,and incorporate the sown area increased by improving the multiple cropping index into the cultivated land compensation indicator. | 蒋敏 李秀彬 辛良杰 谈明洪 | 2019 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2019，29，11： | 14 |
| 5 | 中国食品安全标准体系管理概述显示文摘食品安全问题涉及民生,举世关注,世界各国政府大多将食品安全视为国家公共安全,纷纷加大监管力度和建立食品安全法律体系。本文针对国内外食品安全标准体系的现状,提出完善我国食品安全标准体系的应对措施。 | 吴华媛 杨标斌 | 2010 | 江西化工2010，26，4： | 12 |
| 6 | Soil degradation: a global problem endangering sustainable development显示文摘Soil degradation, defined as lowering and losing of soil functions, is becoming more and more serious worldwide in recent decades, and poses a threat to agricultural production and terrestrial ecosystem. It is estimated that nearly 2 billion ha of soil resources in the world have been degraded, namely approximately 22% of the total cropland, pasture, forest, and woodland. Globally, soil erosion, chemical deterioration and physical degradation are the important parts amongst various types of soil degradation. As a natural process, soil degradation can be enhanced or dampened by a variety of human activities such as inappropriate agricultural management, overgrazing, deforestation, etc. Degraded soil means less food. As a result of soil degradation, it is estimated that about 11.9-13.4% of the global agricultural supply has been lost in the past five decades. Besides, soil degradation is also associated with off-site problems of sedimentation, climate change, watershed functions, and changes in natural habitats leading to loss of genetic stock and biodiversity. Therefore, it is essential to combat soil degradation at different levels and scales worldwide, not only for food security and ecological health, but also for the guarantee of global sustainable development. | Chen Jie Chen Jing-zhang Tan Man-zhi Gong Zi-tong | 2002 | Journal of Geographical Sciences2002，12，2： | 6 |
| 7 | Impacts of nighttime post-anthesis warming on rice productivity and grain quality in East China显示文摘The impacts of nighttime post-anthesis warming on rice productivity and grain quality in East China were evaluated for two cultivars, II You 128, an indica rice, and Wuyunjing 7, a japonica rice. Warming by 3.0 °C stimulated the nighttime respiration rate and decreased the photosynthesis rate, resulting in significant decreases of 21.2% and 24.9% in aboveground biomass accumulation for II You 128 and Wuyunjing 7, respectively. Warming significantly reduced the rates of seed setting and grain filling, especially of inferior kernels(those lower in panicles), while the filling rate of superior kernels remained almost unchanged. As a result, 1000-grain weight and grain yield were respectively 3.7% and 30.0% lower for II You 128 and 12.8% and 34.3% for Wuyunjing 7 in warmed plots than in the unwarmed control. Nighttime warming also significantly reduced the grain milling and appearance quality of both varieties. More negative effects of warming on inferior than on superior kernels were found. The above results have important implications for rice variety cultivation in East China. | Wenjun Dong Jin Chen Lili Wang Yunlu Tian Bin Zhang Yongcai Lai Ying Meng Chunrong Qian Jia Guo | 2014 | The Crop Journal2014，2，1： | 6 |
| 8 | What Determines China's Grain Imports and Self-sufficiency? The Role of Rising Domestic Costs and Varying World Market Prices显示文摘China s grain sectors have faced unprecedented challenges in recent years as the ever-increasing and historically high level of grain output has failed to reduce grain imports. On the contrary, high grain imports and high domestic stock have accompanied historically high domestic output, a situation dubbed the 'triple high' phenomenon in current policy discussion. This paper explores the role of widening domestic-world market price gaps in determining the triple high phenomenon.Unlike earlier studies that relied on production capacities, this paper argues that domestic production and demand (hence imports) are functions of domestic and world market prices and proposes an analytical framework to explicitly capture such price gaps under restricted trade linkages in general equilibrium. Following this approach, a set of price scenarios for the 2011-2020 period are constructed and simulated in a computable general equilibrium model. Results from the core scenarios, in which recent domestic and world market price trends are assumed to continue, suggest that further widening price gaps would substantially increase grain imports and reduce domestic output (by 60 million tons) and self-sufficiency ratios from base levels. In the alternative scenarios with larger (smaller) price gaps, we find higher (lower) imports and larger (smaller) decreases in domestic output and self-sufficiency ratios. Such results provide important policy implications as China's agricultural policy undergoes significant adjustment. | Wusheng Yu Tianxiang Li Jing Zhu | 2019 | China & World Economy2019，27，5： | 5 |
| 9 | Revisiting Emergency Food Reserve Policy and Practiceunder Disaster and Extreme Climate Events显示文摘All food systems will continue to be affected by disasters and extreme climate events. Triggered by recent food crises around the world and climate change concerns,some governments have been trying to develop more robust and resilient food systems. One of the oldest options for many governments is to stockpile emergency food reserves for the purpose of food security and disaster preparedness. In the aftermath of the world food price crises in2007–2008 and 2011, some governments in Asia have been maintaining emergency food reserves to ensure greater supply and price stability. Disasters and extreme climate events help governments to justify emergency food reserves. This research examined emergency food reserve policies in Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia.Emergency food reserves emerged as a practice where the shared objectives of development, disaster risk reduction,and climate change adaptation have been demonstrated by governments. The findings suggest that most governments maintain the strong view that adequate emergency food reserves can buffer national food price shocks and shocks from disasters and climate change, and soften disruptions in trade due to export bans during times of disasters and climate emergencies.Under global climate change scenarios, food security is at risk and volatile(Porter et al. 2014). The expected increase in climate extremes has generated anticipatory actions from governments, including a new push for EFR policy adoption. Triggered by recent disasters and climate change concerns, some governments have been trying to develop more robust and resilient food systems(Fan and Brzeska 2014; Porter et al. 2014). For many countries in Asia, this means the renewed adoption of EFR. Unfortunately, we argue that this is not well understood in climate change adaptation studies as well as contemporary disaster studies.The Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)first initiated a Food Security Reserve Agreement in 1979,with the purpose of meeting emergency requirements(ASEAN 1979). Policymakers have been aware of the susceptibility of the region to natural hazards and the possibility of food shortages. But it took 30 years, until soon after the world food crisis in 2007–2008(Hadley and Fan 2010), for the association plus three additional East Asian nations(China, Japan, South Korea) to establish the ASEAN Plus Three Emergency Rice Reserve(APTERR)in 2009, as a mechanism to address potential food shortages in the region in the light of climate and market uncertainties. The final formal agreement was signed in October 2011 in Jakarta(APTERR 2017).The Association of Southeast Asian Nations also established the ASEAN Food Security Information System(AFSIS) that functions as a central information repository for five commodities—rice, maize, soybeans, sugar, and cassava. AFSIS not only monitors and analyzes production,import, export, inventory stock, price, food security ratio,and self-sufficiency ratio for these commodities but also provides data on losses from both floods and droughts in every member state(Lassa et al. 2016). In theory, AFSIS serves as an early warning mechanism for ASEAN to trigger the activation of APTERR's response mechanism(Saengbangka 2014, personal interview; AFSIS 2017).This article argues that EFR can function as a means of disaster risk reduction, including climate change adaptation, and aims to understand why governments in Asia are readopting emergency food reserves as national policies,with a focus on Indonesia, the Philippines, and Malaysia.We also explore how disasters and climate change strengthen or weaken government narratives in support of emergency food reserves. | Jonatan A.Lassa Paul Teng Mely Caballero-Anthony Maxim Shrestha | 2019 | International Journal of Disaster Risk Science2019，10，1： | 2 |
| 10 | The 2012 Flash Drought Threatened US Midwest Agroecosystems显示文摘In the summer of 2012, the US Midwest, the most productive agricultural region in the world, experienced the most intense and widespread drought on record for the past hundred years. The 2012 drought, characterized as ‘flash drought’, developed in May with a rapid intensification afterwards, and peaked in mid-July. ~76% of crop region and 60% of grassland and pasture regions have been under moderate to severe dry conditions. This study used multiple lines of evidences, i.e., in-situ AmeriFlux measurements, spatial satellite observations, and scaled ecosystem modeling, to provide independent and complementary analysis on the impact of 2012 flash drought on the US Midwest vegetation greenness and photosynthesis carbon uptake. Three datasets consistently showed that 1) phenological activities of all biomes advanced 1–2 weeks earlier in 2012 compared to the other years of 2010–2014;2) the drought had a more severe impact on agroecosystems(crop and grassland) than on forests;3) the growth of crop and grassland was suppressed from June with significant reduction of vegetation index, sun-induced fluorescence(SIF) and gross primary production(GPP), and did not recover until the end of growing season. The modeling results showed that regional total GPP in 2012 was the lowest(1.76 Pg C/yr) during 2010–2014, and decreased by 63 Tg C compared with the other-year mean. Agroecosystems, accounting for 84% of regional GPP assimilation, were the most impacted by 2012 drought with total GPP reduction of 9%, 7%, 6%, and 29% for maize, soybean, cropland, and grassland, respectively. The frequency and severity of droughts have been predicted to increase in future. The results imply the importance to investigate the influences of flash droughts on vegetation productivity and terrestrial carbon cycling. | JIN Cui LUO Xue XIAO Xiangming DONG Jinwei LI Xueming YANG Jun ZHAO Deyu | 2019 | Chinese Geographical Science2019，29，5： | 2 |
| 11 | Current Situation Assessment of Urban Agriculture in Urban Planning in China显示文摘Urban agriculture (UA) is a spontaneous response to the increasing demand for food with the inevitable population expansion in urban areas. As a critical part of FAO’s Special Programme for Food Security (SPFS), UA has increasingly been considered as a significant contributor to food and nutrition security of urban residents all over the world. Thus, the central aim of this essay is to develop a better understanding of the current situation of UA in urban planning of China, and 6 categories of UA in China will be discussed, including Leisure Agriculture, Modern Agricultural Science and Technology Park, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), Institutional garden and Edible landscape. And finally the paper tries to raise the awareness and drive innovation of UA in both theory and practice. | XU Yajie BAI Xue CHU Kaifeng | 2019 | Journal of Landscape Research2019，11，3： | 1 |
| 12 | An Analysis of the Main Factors Influencing the Early Warning System for Food Security显示文摘Food security is the national strategic issue,which is linked with economic development and social stability. This paper systematically researches and analyzes the threat to food security and five aspects related to food security,such as the related policy,food production,food circulation,food storage,and food consumption,and separately discusses various factors which have effects on food security,in order to provide ideas for taking effective measures to guarantee food security. | Peijun XIE | 2015 | Asian Agricultural Research2015，7，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Study on the Priority and Interaction of Food Security,Food Safety and Environmental Protection显示文摘Food security, food safety and environmental protection are major livelihood issues in front of the Chinese people. The priorities of the three are different, and there is mutually dependent and contradictory relationship among them. Facing the triple pressures of food security, food safety, and environmental protection, this paper analyzes the priority of the three from the historical development, then further analyzes the interaction between food security,food safety and environmental protection and finally puts forward the healthy development of food security, food safety and environmental protection, and the proper settlement of the three problems. | Tang Bulong | 2017 | 学术界2017，，11： | 1 |
| 14 | 基于粮食安全的山东省水土资源可持续利用研究(英文)显示文摘After the analysis of food security of Shandong Province since 1990s, based on the change of grain output and per unit grain yield, it was considered that food production of Shandong Province was generally stable; through comparing the proportion of per capita possession of grains and per unit grain yield of Shandong Province in the whole country, it revealed that they were higher than the national average level. On this basis, the relationship between land-water resources and food security had been analyzed, and it summarized that Shandong water resources were insufficient, agricultural water was not enough and water had been seriously polluted; and that cultivated area was large and the overall quality was high. Meanwhile, it had analyzed the spatial pattern of land-water resources and the loss of water and soil. Finally, suggestions for the sustainable use of land-water resources in Shandong Province based on food security had been proposed. It should enhance the construction of basic agricultural facilities and implement united dispatching of multiple water resources; strengthen the supervision of cultivated land resources and comprehensively develop reserve resources of cultivated lands; and intensify the treatment of land-water resources and prevention of the loss of water and soil in key areas. | 于雯静 | 2011 | Journal of Landscape Research2011，3，9： | 0 |
| 15 | Food Security Consolidated in China显示文摘THROU GHOUT hroughout the ages, food security has been a top priority for ensuring the stability and prosperity of nations. Not surprisingly, therefore, the supply of food to more than a billion people is of paramount importance on China’s national agenda. Great value has been attached to food self-sufficiency by the country. | LI YUAN | 2019 | China Today2019，68，10： | 0 |
| 16 | 百家争鸣:为食品安全出谋划策显示文摘备受瞩目的2009国际食品安全圆桌会议于2009年4月27日至28日在北京顺利举行。来自全球农业及食品业界的领导、专家、企业界人士经过为期两天的深入交流和探讨,为应对全球性的食品安全问题出谋划策,并在会议期间达成协议,即在全球范围内共同推动食品安全领域更为广泛的行业协调与合作。与会的全球业界人士发起成立全球食品安全指导委员会,并约定定期举办全球食品安全论坛(Global Food Security Forum,GFSF),是这一协议的重要成果。这也是全球首个关注食品安全领域的最新发展、整合各国资源的交流平台。 | | 2009 | 中国食品工业2009，，5： | 0 |
| 17 | Rural households' livelihoods diversification through termite utilization in depressed region of Zimbabwe显示文摘This study sought to examine the utility of termites to rural households in depressed regions of Bikita,Zimbabwe.Colonialism and its spread of European culture had viewed entomophagy with contempt resulting in reduced utilization and consumption of termites in most colonies.In our quest to understand how people in depressed regions utilized termites,both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were employed.Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used to gather data during field work.Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used in recruiting respondents.Excel and content analysis were used in data presentation and analysis.Results revealed that dampwood and drywood termites are climatic indicators for the rural communal farmers,a low-cost technology in weather forecasting.Subterrain and mold builders provide manure,relish,and are medicinal in nature.They are traded for income generation,and as for the poor,harvesting,processing,storage,and marketing is cost effective.Though considered nostalgic foods,most respondents highlighted that selling termites complimented other off-farm livelihood activities.Termite consumption and utilization provide a sustainable way for livelihood diversification in depressed regions and has partly addressed problems of food insecurity. | Josiah Taru Bernard Chazovachii | 2015 | Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment2015，13，4： | 0 |
| 18 | Construction of Quality Security and Credibility Mechanism for Chinese Food Enterprises显示文摘Credibility deficiency of food enterprises is a major threat for food security in China. Analysis of causes for the credibility deficiency of Chinese food enterprises,and construction of an effective quality security and credibility mechanism are not only the key to constructing a long-term supervision mechanism for food security,but also the important guarantee for coordinating social and economic development. | Hong LI | 2014 | Asian Agricultural Research2014，6，3： | 0 |
| 19 | Study of Basic Farmland Protection in Huainan City显示文摘Farmland is the primary resource for food production,related to food security and people's livelihood.The basic farmland is the essence of farmland,and it is necessary to improve the quality of farmland and strengthen the basic farmland protection in order to enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity.Currently,the contradiction between urban development and farmland protection has been inevitable,and Huainan City is now in the period of rapid development of urbanization.How to better solve the contradiction between urbanization and farmland protection to promote sound and rapid economic development,is an important issue currently facing Huainan City. | Xinyuan LU Zhongxiang YU | 2015 | Asian Agricultural Research2015，7，3： | 0 |
| 20 | Research on Food Science and Technology Innovation Based on National Food Security: A Case Study of Hubei Province显示文摘Based on the background of national food security,this paper analyzes the current situation of food production in Hubei Province that except food yields,overall production situation is not good. Through the food production,storage and circulation,this paper describes the role of food science and technology innovation in food security,and further points out the problems of food science and technology innovation system in Hubei Province,such as disconnection between food science and technology innovation research and food production as well as economic development,backward management system failing to adapt to the needs of agricultural transformation,and low conversion rate of food scientific and technological innovation. Based on this,this paper sets forth the recommendations for food security in Hubei Province. | Qingfang YANG Junying WEI | 2015 | Asian Agricultural Research2015，7，10： | 0 |
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