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| 1 | Morphological study on colonic pathology in ulcerative colitis treated by moxibustion显示文摘AIM To observe the therapeutic effect ofmoxibustion on ulcerative colitis and itsinfluence on the colonic mucosal morphology.METHODS Forty-six patients with ulcerativecolitis were randomly divided into themoxibustion with herbal medicine underneathgroup and the western medicine group.Thirtypatients were treated with the abovemoxibustion and 16 patients with Salicylayefapyridine(SASP).The colonic mucosa of 13patients in the moxibustion group was observedby colonoscopy before and after the treatment.Mucin was also analyzed by H.E and AB-PASstaining.RESULTS Seventeen patients were clinicallycured,12 were improved and 1 unchanged in themoxibustion group.In the control group,5patients were clinically cured,7 improved and 4unchanged.Thirteen patients with active UCwere taken as the subjects for histopathologicanalysis in this study.The colonic mucosallesions were remarkably improved and thecharacteristic of the mucin also changed.Inmost sections,the chronic inflammation ofmucosa was geatly ameliorated(P<0.01).Theinflammatory cell infiltratation much decreased and neutrophils,disapeared in most sections(P<0.001).The goblet cells significantlyincreased(P<0.001);crypt paracrypt abscessor mucosal ulceration was seen(P<0.001).CONCLUSION The rate of cure of ulcerative colitis by moxibustion with herbal medicine beneath is superior to that by SASP. This sort of moxibustion can effectively improve the colonic mucosal lesions and restore the proportion of mucoprotein to near normal. | Huan Gan Wu Li Bin Zhou Da Ren Shi Shi Min Liu Hui Rong Liu Bi Meng Zhang Han Ping Chen Lin Shan Zhang | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，6： | 28 |
| 2 | Primary biliary cirrhosis: Clinical and laboratory criteria for its diagnosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is a chronic progressive cholestatic granulomatous, and destructive inflammatory lesion of small intralobular and septal bile ducts, which is likely to be caused by an autoimmune mechanism with a the presence of serum antimitochondrial antibodies and a potential tendency to progress to cirrhosis. Despite the fact that the etiology of this disease has beenunknown so far, there has been a considerable body of scientific evidence that can reveal the clinical and laboratory signs of PBC and the individual components of its pathogenesis and elaborate diagnostic criteria for the disease and its symptomatic therapy. Deficiencies in autoimmune tolerance are critical factors for the initiation and perpetuation of the disease. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data available in the literature and the author's findings on clinical and laboratory criteria for the diagnosis of PBC. This review describes the major clinical manifestations of the disease and the mechanisms of its development. It presents the immunological, biochemical, and morphological signs of PBC and their significance for its diagnosis. A great deal of novel scientific evidence for the problem of PBC has been accumulated. However, the inadequate efficiency of therapy for the disease lends impetus to the quest for its etiological factors and to further investigations of its pathogenetic mechanisms and, on this basis, to searches for new methods for its early diagnosis. | Vasiliy Ivanovich Reshetnyak | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，25： | 19 |
| 3 | From NAFLD to MAFLD:a“redefining”moment for fatty liver disease显示文摘The term non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)was coined in 1980 to characterize a disease similar to alcoholic fatty liver disease that developed in patients without a history of excessive alcohol intake.[1]Morphologically,NAFLD is characterized by excess fatty infiltration of the liver in the absence of known causes of liver disease(eg,alcohol,autoimmune liver disease,viral hepatitis,etc).The clinical manifestations of NAFLD(both hepatic and extrahepatic)depend on the outcome of complex interactions between its primary drivers including poor lifestyle habits and diet,a dysfunctional microbiota,genetic predisposition,and environmental cues that result in metabolic dysfunction and liver disease.However,bringing all patients with their markedly different clinical courses under the NAFLD umbrella belies its complexity and implies a homogeneous disease state that then negatively impacts clinical management and a deeper understanding of pathogenesis.With advances in current knowledge on the spectrum of fatty liver diseases,it is apparent that the fourdecade-old outdated term NAFLD can no longer serve to usefully describe a highly heterogeneous disease.The disease as we understand it today not only impacts patients who consume alcohol and those who do not,but also potentially impacts all patients with any form of liver disease,by acting as a disease modifier.[2] | Kenneth IZheng Jian-Gao Fan Jun-Ping Shi Vincent Wai-Sun Wong Mohammed Eslam Jacob George Ming-Hua Zheng | 2020 | Chinese Medical Journal2020，，19： | 14 |
| 4 | Genetic analysis of morphological index and its related taxonomic traits for classification of indica/japonica rice显示文摘A doubled haploid population derived from anther culture of ZYQ8/JX17 F1, a typical indica and japonica hybrid, was used in this study. Morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were investigated in 121 DH lines. The quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological index and its related taxonomic traits were analyzed. Two major QTLs for leaf hairiness, three QTLs for length/width of grain, one QTL for color of hull when heading, one QTL for hairiness of hull, two QTLs for length of the first and second panicle internode, and one major QTL and two QTLs for phenol reaction were detected. Four QTLs for morphological index were also identified on chromosomes 1, 3, 4 and 6, respectively, three of which on chromosomes 1, 3 and 6, respectively, were found to be located in the same chromosome regions where some QTLs for the related taxonomic traits were located. | 钱前 何平 郑先武 陈英 朱立煌 | 2000 | Science China(Life Sciences)2000，43，2： | 12 |
| 5 | 引起青海省马铃薯根腐类病害的镰刀菌种类鉴定显示文摘马铃薯是继水稻、小麦和玉米之后的第四大粮食作物[1],也是我国青海省主要的经济作物。马铃薯干腐病是镰刀菌根腐类病害中最重要的一种病害,其窖藏期发病率最高可达60%[2],根腐类病害已成为限制青海省马铃薯产业发展的重要因素。 | 杨波 王喜刚 郭成瑾 沈瑞清 | 2019 | 植物病理学报2019，49，3： | 12 |
| 6 | REDESCRIPTION OF A STROMATEOID FISH PAMPUS PUNCTATISSIMUS AND COMPARISON WITH PAMPUS ARGENTEUS FROM CHINESE COASTAL WATERS显示文摘Pampus punctatissimus (Temminck et Schlegel , 1845) and Pampus argenteus (Euphrasen , 1788) are two important species of the genus pampus and widely distributed in Chinese coastal waters . Their classification has been controversial for many years . Due to the similarities of their overall appearance , many workers regarded P punctatissimus as a synonym of P argenteus Even though a few authors recognized the differences between them ,there has been great confusion on the nomenclature . Morpholoically , these two species have obvious differences in some aspects , in particular, the number of gill rakers and vertebrae, the lateral line branches in the head, the fin formula , etc.. As these differences comprised sufficient differentiation of these two species, Pampus punctatissimus (Temminck et Schlegel, 1845) was recognized as a species distinct from P argenteus (Euphrasen, 1788). A redescription of it is given in the present study. | 刘静 李春生 | 1998 | Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology1998，16，2： | 11 |
| 7 | Hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous extract of Curcuma longa in carbon tetra chloride intoxicated Swiss albino mice显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective and immunotherapeutic effects of aqueous extract of turmeric rhizome in CCl_4 intoxicated Swiss albino mice.Methods:first group of mice(n=5) received CCl_4 treatment at a dose of 0.5 mL/kg bw(i.p.) for 7 days.Second group was fed orally the aqueous extract of turmeric at a dose of 50 mg/kg bw for IS days.The third group was given both the turmeric extract(for 15 days,orally) and CCl_4(for last 7 days,i.p.).The fourth group was kept as a control.To study the liver function,the transaminase enzymes(SGOT and SGPT) and bilirubin level were measured in the serum of respective groups.For assaying the immunotherapeutic action of Curcuma longa(C.longa),non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration,phagocytosis,nitric oxide release,myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages were studied from the respective groups.Results:The result of present study suggested that CCl_4 administration increased the level of SCOT and SGPT and bilirubin level in serum.However,the aqueous extract of turmeric reduced the level of SGOT, SCFT and bilirubin in CCl_4 intoxicated mice.Apart from damaging the liver system,CCl_4 also reduced non specific host response parameters like morphological alteration,phagocytosis, nitric oxide release,myeloperoxidase release and intracellular killing capacity of peritoneal macrophages.Administration of aqueous extract of C.longa offered significant protection from these damaging actions of CCl_4 on the non specific host response in the peritoneal macrophages of CCl_4 intoxicated mice.Conclusions:In conclusion,the present study suggests that C.longa has immunotherapeutic properties along with its ability to ameliorate hepatotoxicity. | Mahuya Sengupta Gauri Dutta Sharma Biswajit Chakraborty | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2011，1，3： | 11 |
| 8 | Imaging of bone metastasis: An update显示文摘Early detection of skeletal metastasis is critical for accurate staging and optimal treatment. This paper briefly reviews our current understanding of the biological mechanisms through which tumours metastasise to bone and describes the available imaging methods to diagnose bone metastasis and monitor response to treatment. Among the various imaging modalities currently available for imaging skeletal metastasis, hybrid techniques whichfuse morphological and functional data are the most sensitive and specific, and positron emission tomography(PET)/computed tomography and PET/magnetic resonance imaging will almost certainly continue to evolve and become increasingly important in this regard. | Gerard J O'Sullivan Fiona L Carty Carmel G Cronin | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，8： | 10 |
| 9 | Analytical solutions for characteristic radii of circular roadway surrounding rock plastic zone and their application显示文摘In the non-uniform stress field, the surrounding rock plastic zone of the circular roadway shows different shapes under the different confining pressure conditions. Based on the boundary shape characteristics of the plastic zone, the characteristic radii of the plastic zone were proposed, namely the horizontal,longitudinal and medial axis radii, which could reflect the plastic zone shapes characteristics and classify the sizes of the key parts. On the theoretical basis of elastic-plastic mechanics, analytical solutions for the characteristic radii were obtained by theoretical deduction, and the relationships between the characteristic radii and key influencing factors were analyzed. Finally, the evaluation criterion of the circular roadway surrounding rock plastic zone shapes, evaluation criterion of the location of potential hazards caused by the roadway surrounding rock and evaluation critical points of roadway dynamic disasters based on characteristic radii were proposed. This work could provide a theoretical basis for stability analysis of the surrounding rock, support design, and guide the prevention and control of dynamic roadway disasters. | Xiaofei Guo Zhiqiang Zhao Xu Gao Xiangye Wu Nianjie Ma | 2019 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2019，29，2： | 9 |
| 10 | Evolution of Yellow River Delta Coastline Based on Remote Sensing from 1976 to 2014, China显示文摘Coastal regions are threatened by natural processes, such as erosion driven by storm surges and the effect of jetties, as well as by human behavior. The coastline of the Yellow River Delta(YRD) was monitored using the general high-tide line method, which combines Remote sensing(RS) and geographic information system(GIS) technology, using multi-spectral scanner(MSS), thematic mapper(TM), and enhanced thematic mapper plus(ETM+) images of the YRD from 1976 to 2014 as a data source. The results demonstrated that the shape and length of the YRD coastline has changed dramatically since 1976. The course of the Diaokouhe channel has resulted in mainly inland erosion in the north, and is primarily marine erosion; therefore, it was termed an erosion-type estuary. However, the coastline of the Qingshuigou course has moved seaward, demonstrating an accretion stage, and was therefore termed an accretion-type estuary. The coastline advanced forward before 1997 and shrank after 2003 in the southern part of the river mouth, which was due to the shift in the river mouth in 1996. It has continually extended outward in the northern part of the river mouth from 2003 onward. The coastline in the southern part of the river mouth has moved randomly, with the occurrence of both erosion and sedimentation caused by land reclamation and sea wave intrusion. In most cases, the coastline has extended offshore, especially in the northern part of the river mouth. The YRD coastline has changed frequently and rapidly from 1992 to 2014. The river mouth channel, river water and sediments, and precipitation were the major factors affecting the YRD. The YRD coastline was mainly in an accretion stage during flow periods. The erosion rate decreased and tended to be stable during a dry period. The coastline was basically stable when dry periods occurred over a long period. The location of Yellow River ports and sea erosion were the main factors driving coastline changes. The coastline was mainly influenced by the flow path of the Yellow River, with recent human activity also becoming a factor. | WANG Kuifeng | 2019 | Chinese Geographical Science2019，29，2： | 9 |
| 11 | Conceptual design of automobile engine rubber mounting composite using TRIZ-Morphological chart-analytic network process technique显示文摘An engine rubber mounting is one of the important parts of a vehicle. It is a function to isolate or absorb and to reduce vibration to the vehicle body thus to the passenger itself. Due to the engine compartments environment such as heat and massive vibration due to road conditions, the engine rubber mountings lifespan has been reduced. Thus several studies have been conducted to upgrade the material lifespan to make it more reliable and better engine mounting components. This paper presents the conceptual design of kenaf fiber polymer as automotive engine rubber mounting composites using the integration of Theory of Inventive Problem Solving(TRIZ). In this early stage, the solution is generated using 40 inventive principles and TRIZ contradiction method. The solution parameter for the specific design character is the selected using the morphological chart to develop a systematic conceptual design for the component. Four(4) innovative design concepts were produced and Analytic Network Process(ANP)methods were utilized to perform the multi-criteria decision-making process of selecting the best concept design for the polymer composite engine rubber mounting component. | A.M.Noor Azammi S.M.Sapuan M.R.Ishak Mohamed T.H.Sultan | 2018 | Defence Technology(防务技术)2018，14，4： | 8 |
| 12 | Evaluation methods and indexes of morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates for road materials:A comprehensive review显示文摘The morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates, namely shape profile, angularity and surface texture, have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of asphalt mixtures. The identification methods and evaluation indexes of the morphological characteristics are crucial for the coarse aggregates. First, the visual identification technologies, including charged coupled device (CCD) image processing, X-ray tomography imaging and laser scanning technology, are summarized in term of the characteristics, research status and existing problems. Based on the deficiencies of visual identification technologies, it is proposed to improve the three-dimensional reconstruction of aggregate particles by increasing the number of two-dimensional projection directions or scanning sections. Moreover, the evaluation indexes of coarse aggregate morphology were summarized from the three aspects, namely shape profile, angularity and surface texture. It is found that evaluation of the indexes based on two-dimensional profile images or unrelated to pavement performance could not adequately evaluate the morphological characteristics of coarse aggregates. Therefore, the evaluation methods and indexes of coarse aggregate morphological characteristics have been recommended based on the performance of asphalt mixtures in this paper, which is helpful to establish a complete set of an evaluation system for coarse aggregate morphology. | Saisai Zhang Rui Li Jianzhong Pei | 2019 | Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition)2019，6，3： | 8 |
| 13 | Formation and biological characterization of three new types of improved crucian carp显示文摘The improved tetraploids (G1×AT) were obtained by distant crossing and gynogenesis and the high-body individuals accounted for 2% among G1×AT. After mating with each other, the high-body in- dividuals produced three kinds of bisexual fertile diploid fishes: high-body red crucian carp, high-body fork-like-tails goldfish and gray common carp. The high-body red crucian carp mating with each other formed three types of improved crucian carp (ICC) including improved red crucian carp (IRCC), im- proved color crucian carp (ICCC) and improved gray crucian carp (IGCC). The phenotypes, chromo- some numbers, gonadal structure and fertility of the three kinds of ICC and their offspring were observed. All the three kinds of ICC possessed some improved phenotypes such as higher body, smaller head and shorter tail. The ratios of the body height to body length of IRCC, ICCC and IGCC were 0.54, 0.51 and 0.54, respectively. All of them were obviously higher than that of red crucian carp 0.41 (P<0.01). Three kinds of ICC had the same chromosome number as red crucian carp with 100 chromosomes. All the ICC possessed normal gonads producing mature eggs or sperm, which was important for the production of an improved diploid population. Compared with red crucian carp, all the ICC had stronger fertility such as higher gametes production, higher fertilization rate and higher hatchery rate. Three types of improved diploid fish population were generated from the three kinds of ICC by self-crossing, respectively. The ICC can serve as ornamental fish and edible fish. They are also ideal parents to produce triploids by mating with tetraploids. The new ICC plays an important role in biological evolution and fish genetic breeding. | WANG Jing, QIN QinBo, CHEN Song, LIU ShaoJun, DUAN Wei, LIU JinHui, ZHANG Chun, LUO KaiKun, XIAO Jun & LIU Yun Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Ministry of Education of China, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China | 2008 | Science China(Life Sciences)2008，51，6： | 8 |
| 14 | Antimicrobial potential of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial activity of Actinomycetes species isolated from marine environment.Methods:Twenty one strains of Actinomyceteswere isolated from samples of Royapuram, Muttukadu, Mahabalipuram sea shores and Adyar estuary. Preliminary screening was done using cross-streak method against two gram-positive and eight gram-negative bacteria.The most potent strains C11 and C12 were selected from which antibacterial substances were extracted. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were performed using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Molecular identification of those isolates was done.Results:All those twenty one isolates were active against at least one of the test organisms. Morphological characters were recorded. C11 showed activity againstStaphylococcusspecies(13.0暲0.5 mm),Vibrio harveyi(11.0暲0.2 mm),Pseudomonas species(12.0暲0.3 mm). C12 showed activity against Staphylococcus species(16.0暲0.4 mm),Bacillus subtilis(11.0暲0.2 mm),Vibrio harveyi(9.0暲0.1 mm),Pseudomonas species(10.0暲0.2 mm). 16S rRNA pattern strongly suggested that C11 and C12 strains were Streptomyces species.Conclusions:The results of the present investigation reveal that the marineActinomycetesfrom coastal environment are the potent source of novel antibiotics.Isolation, characterization and study of Actinom ycetescan be useful in discovery of novel species of Actinomy cetes. | Valli S Suvathi Sugasini S Aysha OS Nirmala P Vinoth Kumar P Reena A | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2012，2，6： | 8 |
| 15 | Temperature pattern dynamics in shocked porous materials显示文摘The physical fields in porous materials under strong shock wave reaction are very complicated. We simulate such systems using the grain contact material point method. The complex temperature fields in the material are treated with the morphological characterization. To compare the structures and evolution of characteristic regimes under various temperature thresholds, we introduce two concepts, structure similarity and process similarity. It is found that the temperature pattern dynamics may show high similarity under various conditions. Within the same material, the structures and evolution of high-temperature regimes may show high similarity if the shock strength and temperature threshold are chosen appropriately. For process similarity in materials with high porosity, the required temperature threshold increases parabolically with the impact velocity. When the porosity becomes lower, the increasing rate becomes higher. For process similarity in different materials, the required temperature threshold and the porosity follow a power-law relationship in some range. | XU AiGuo*, ZHANG GuangCai, LI Hua, YING YangJun, YU XiJun & ZHU JianShi National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，8： | 7 |
| 16 | Is diabetic cardiomyopathy a specific entity?显示文摘Diabetes mellitus(DM) is characterised by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance and metabolic dysregulation leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes. In this review, the pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes are discussed. Changes in metabolic signalling pathways, mediators and effectors contribute to the pathogenesis of cardiac dysfunction in DM called diabetic cardiomyopathy(DC). Echocardiographic studies report on the association between DM and the presence of cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial stiffness that lead to diastolic dysfunction. More recently reported echocardiographic studies with more sensitive techniques, such as strain analysis, also observed systolic dysfunction as an early marker of DC. Depression of systolic and diastolic function is continuum and the line of separation is artificial. To conclude, according to current knowledge, DC is expected to be a common single phenotype that is caused by different pathogenetic and pathomorphological changes leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction in diabetes. | Mitja Letonja Danijel Petrovi | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，1： | 7 |
| 17 | Nonequilibrium and morphological characterizations of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability in compressible flows显示文摘We investigate the effects of viscosity and heat conduction on the onset and growth of Kelvin-Helmholtz instability (KHI) via an efficient discrete Boltzmann model.Technically,two effective approaches are presented to quantitatively analyze and understand the configurations and kinetic processes.One is to determine the thickness of mixing layers through tracking the distributions and evolutions of the thermodynamic nonequilibrium (TNE) measures;the other is to evaluate the growth rate of KHI from the slopes of morphological functionals.Physically,it is found that the time histories of width of mixing layer,TNE intensity,and boundary length show high correlation and attain their maxima simultaneously.The viscosity effects are twofold,stabilize the KHI,and enhance both the local and global TNE intensities.Contrary to the monotonically inhibiting effects of viscosity,the heat conduction effects firstly refrain then enhance the evolution afterwards.The physical reasons are analyzed and presented. | Yan-Biao Gan Ai-Guo Xu Guang-Cai Zhang Chuan-Dong Lin Hui-Lin Lai Zhi-Peng Liu | 2019 | Frontiers of physics2019，14，4： | 7 |
| 18 | Congruent species delimitation of two controversial gold-thread nanmu tree species based on morphological and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing data显示文摘Species delimitation is fundamental to conservation and sustainable use of economically importantforest tree species.However,the delimitation of two highly valued gold-thread nanmu species(Phoebe bournei(Hemsl.)Yang and P.zhennan S.K.Lee&F.N.Wei)has been confusing and debated.To address this problem,we integrated morphology and restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)to define their species boundaries.We obtained consistent results from the two datasets,supporting two distinct lineages corresponding to P.bournei and P.zhennan.In P.bournei,higher order leaf venation is more prominent,petioles are thicker,and leaf apex angle is narrower,compared to P.zhennan.Both datasets also revealed that the former putative P.bournei populations from northeastern Guizhou belong to P.zhennan.The two species are now distinct in distributions except in the Wuling Mountains,where they overlap.Phoebe bournei occurs mainly in central Fujian,southern Jiangxi,the Nanling Mountains,and the Wuling Mountains,whereas P.zhennan is found in the adjoining eastern regions of the Qionglai Mountains,the southern Sichuan hills,and the Wuling Mountains.The re-delimitation of P.bournei and P.zhennan and clarification of their ranges provide a better scientific basis guiding the conservation and sustainable utilization of these tree species. | Xin Ding Jian Hua Xiao Lang Li John G.Conran Jie Li | 2019 | Journal of Systematics and Evolution2019，57，3： | 6 |
| 19 | Effect of acupotomy versus electroacupuncture on ethology and morphology in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis显示文摘OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the treatment effect of acupotomy(Apo) in a rabbit model of knee osteoarthritis(KOA), compare the results of Apo versus electroacupuncture(E-Apu) on ethology, morphology, and structure of the articular cartilage surface in a rabbit model of KOA, and analyze the differences in the treatment effects of Apo versus E-Apu.METHODS: Twenty-eight male New Zealand white rabbits were randomized into four groups: normal control, blank model, Apo, and E-Apu(n = 7 in each group). Except for the normal control group, the left hindlegs of all rabbits were fixed in an extended position for 5 weeks to establish the KOA model.The passive range of motion(PROM) and Lequesne index were measured before and after the establishment of the KOA model to assess the ethology in all groups. Safranin O-fast green staining and the Mankin score were used to assess the morphological cartilaginous changes to compare the effect of Apo versus E-Apu on the degeneration of articular cartilage, and to identify which therapy was superior in treating KOA.RESULTS: Compared with before the establishment of the KOA model, the Lequesne index of the KOA model rabbits was significantly increased(P <0.01), while the PROM was significantly decreased(P < 0.01). The articular cartilaginous tissue in the three model groups exhibited pathological variations in the form of laminar derangement of cartilage cells, and so the Mankin score was significantly increased compared with the control group(P <0.01). At 1 week after the final treatment session,compared with the blank model group, both the Apo and E-Apu groups showed a significant decrease in the Lequesne index(P < 0.01), and attenuation in the degree of morphologic pathological changes(P < 0.05); The Apo improved the PROM significantly compared with the blank model group(P < 0.05), while the E-Apu had no effect(P > 0.05).Furthermore, compared with the E-Apu group, the Apo group had a significantly lower Lequesne index(P < 0.05), and a significantly greater PROM(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: In a rabbit model of KOA, both Apo and E-Apu reduce disorders of ethology and morphology, and improve the condition of the articular cartilage. The results suggest that Apo is more effective than E-Apu in improving the PROM and alleviating symptoms resulting from cartilage damage in a rabbit model of KOA. | Zhang Wei Gao Yang Guo Changqing Ibrahim Zeyad Ali Khattab Farid Mokhtari | 2019 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2019，39，2： | 6 |
| 20 | Morphological variation in fossil crayfish of the Jehol biota,Liaoning Province,China and its texonomic discrimination显示文摘Twelve morphological characteristics in 61 fossil crayfish specimens, which came from the Upper Jurassic Yixian Formation, are discussed respectively in the present paper. A study of these new and better preserved materials allows us to add to and revise the original description for Family Cricoidoscelosidae. In our collection, no modifications of the second pleopod of the males have yet been noted. This would be a crucial factor for the diagnosis of the family. Based on the presence of annulus ventralis in both Cricoidoscelosus and Palaeocambarus, they would appear to be very closely allied to those characteristics of the Family Cambaridae. In regard to the family Protastacidae, we seriously doubt it is actually crayfish, in light of the lack of any apomorphies identifiable within the Astacida, and their marine habitat. | SHEN Yanbin, Frederick R. Schram & Rod S. Taylor Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Zoological Museum, University of Amsterdam, P. O. Box 94766, 1090 GT Amsterdam, The Netherlands Department of Earth Sciences, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom | 2001 | Chinese Science Bulletin2001，46，1： | 6 |
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