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| 1 | WHO-Convened Global Study of Origins of SARSCoV-2:China Part(Text Extract)显示文摘Summary In May 2020,the World Health Assembly in resolution WHA73.1 requested the Director-General of the World Health Organization(WHO)to continue to work closely with the World Organisation for Animal Health(OIE),the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations(FAO)and countries,as part of the One Health approach,to identify the zoonotic source of the virus and the route of introduction to the human population,including the possible role of intermediate hosts. | Joint WHO-China Study Team | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 3 |
| 2 | Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Patients (Tentative 8th Edition)显示文摘As an emerging acute respiratory infection, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health emergency that threatens global health. Through active prevention, control, and treatment measures, China has essentially brought the situation within its borders under control. Only sporadic outbreaks and imported cases remain in some parts of the country. However, as the virus is still spreading across the globe, the pandemic may persist for a longer period of time, and the risk of COVID-19 re-emerging in China still lingers. In order to further observe the principles of early detection, reporting, quarantine, and treatment of COVID-19 patients, to increase recovery rates and to lower fatality rates, we have updated the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Patients (Tentative 7th Edition) by summarizing China’s recent clinical experience and referencing treatment guidelines issued by the World Health Organization and other countries. Thus, the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Patients (Tentative 8th Edition) was developed. | The General Office of National Health Commission Office | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，1： | 3 |
| 3 | Complications of End-Stage Liver Disease: Advances from a Clinical Viewpoint显示文摘Introduction End-stage liver disease(ESLD)refers to the terminal stage of liver disease caused by various types of chronic liver damage.It is characterized by severely impaired liver function and hepatic decompensation.ESLD can present as acute decompensation of liver cirrhosis(ADC),acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF),chronic liver failure(CLF),and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).ESLD is frequently accompanied by various complications and life-threatening clinical issues,including infection(such as pneumonia or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis),hepatic encephalopathy(HE),hepatorenal syndrome(HRS),and esophageal varices with bleeding.[1]Herein,we briefly review the significant achievements in the management of multiple complications in ESLD,particularly in bacterial or fungal infections,acute kidney injury(AKI),HE,stem cell treatment,and blood purification. | Zhongyuan Yang Yunhui Liu Tao Chen Qin Ning | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Effect of Different Factors on the Quality of Life and Sequelae of COVID-19 Patients After Discharge显示文摘Background The continued spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)remains an international public health emergency,resulting in a significant global disease burden.The long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and the long-term prognosis of patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)after discharge remain unclear.We aimed to assess the quality of life(QoL)and sequelae in patients with COVID-19 after discharge from the hospital by conducting multiple follow-up visits to understand the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 on patients'health and its possible influencing factors.Methods COVID-19 patients discharged from Huoshenshan Hospital(Wuhan,China)between February 15 and April 5,2020,were followed up at 6,9,and 12 months after discharge.They completed questionnaires on postdischarge QoL and sequelae under the guidance of medical staff with professional training.The demographic and clinical characteristics of the COVID-19 patients were analyzed using descriptive statistics.A generalized estimating equation model was used to analyze the QoL-related factors.Theχ2 test(or Fisher exact test)and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the sequelae and influencing factors.Results A total of 175 patients participated in at least 1 follow-up visit,and 120 completed all 3 follow-up visits.Patients diagnosed with severe and critically ill COVID-19 had worse mental conditions(χ2=7.653,P=0.022)than those with the nonsevere type(not severe or critical)and were more likely to feel fatigued(χ2=4.836,P=0.028).Female patients had a higher risk of sleep disturbance(χ2=10.026,P=0.002)and dyspnea(χ2=5.672,P=0.017)and had more difficulty returning to their original work and life(χ2=8.922,P=0.003)than male patients.Patients with diabetes had a worse appetite(χ2=4.669,P=0.031)and were more prone to sleep disturbance(χ2=4.417,P=0.036)after discharge.The proportion of patients with at least 1 sequela increased from 29.76%(50/168)at 6 months to 51.11%(69/135)at 9 months(χ2=14.305,P<0.001).Compared with the nonsevere type,patients diagnosed with severe and critically ill COVID-19 had an odds ratio(OR)of 4.325(95%confidence interval[CI],1.215–15.401)for memory decline.Female patients had an OR of 4.632(95%CI,1.716–12.501)for joint or muscle pain.Patients with hypertension had an OR of 3.014(95%CI,1.193–7.615)for joint or muscle pain.Conclusion One year after discharge,there were still some patients with varying degrees of decline in QoL and sequelae,which occurred in all follow-up visits.Moreover,QoL and sequelae after discharge were related to sex,clinical classification of COVID-19,and underlying diseases. | Nan Guo Ya-Ping Yao Le Song Guan-Zhen Wang Jun-Li He Ning Zheng Qiong Mo Wen-Xu Ni Bo Zhang Fu-Sheng Wang Lei Huang | 2023 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2023，3，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Keep Eyes on COVID-19:Ophthalmic Symptoms and Potential Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through the Oculus显示文摘In December 2019,a new coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)emerged and rapidly spread globally,posing a worldwide health emergency.The pathogen causing this pandemic was identified as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2).It is well known that SARS-CoV-2 transmits via respiratory droplets and close contact with infected individuals or contaminated items.In addition to these two major transmission routes,other modes of transmission have not been confirmed.Considering that some COVID-19 patients have presented with ocular discomforts and positive SARS-CoV-2 RNA in ocular surfaces,as well as the discovery of the SARS-CoV-2 receptors,angiotensin-converting enzyme 2,and transmembrane protease,serine 2,in the oculus,the ocular surface is now thought to be a possible alternative route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission and a replication site.This review summarizes the evidence connecting COVID-19 with ocular tissues,ocular symptoms during SARS-CoV-2 infection,the potential role of the conjunctiva in SARS-CoV-2 transmission,and the physiopathological mechanisms.Appropriate precautions in ophthalmology departments,including innovative complete and effective patient management plans,protective personal equipment,hand hygiene,and strict personal distance intervals,are essential to effectively minimize the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and control the pandemic. | Hong Li Ran Xiang Tian Zhou William J.Liu George F.Gao | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs(PAGE):Recommendations from Editors and Reviewers显示文摘Transparency Ecosystemfor Research and Journals inMedicine(TERM)Working Group summarized the essential recommendations that should be considered to review and publish a high-quality guideline.These recommendations fromeditors and reviewers included the 10 components of essential requirements:systematic review of existing relevant guidelines,guideline registration,guideline protocol,stakeholders,conflicts of interest,clinical questions,systematic reviews,recommendation consensus,guideline reporting,and external review.TERMWorking Group abbreviates them as PAGE(essential requirements for Publishing clinical prActice GuidelinEs),recommends guideline authors,editors,and peer reviewers use them for high-quality guidelines. | Nan Yang Wei Zhao Wenan Qi Chen Yao Chongya Dong Zhenguo Zhai Tong Chen Enmei Liu Guobao Li Youlin Long Xinyi Wang ZijunWang Ruobing Lei Qi Zhou Yaolong Chen Liang Du | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Expert Consensus on the Prevention and Treatment of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome显示文摘Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute zoonosis with a global distribution.China is one of the countries with a high incidence of HFRS,which has long endangered the lives and health of the Chinese people.The Infectious Disease Branch of the Chinese Preventive Medicine Association and the Infectious Diseases Branch of the Chinese Medical Association organized national multidisciplinary experts,based on domestic and international research results combined with experts’practical experiences,to reach this consensus after thorough discussion.This consensus contains 17 recommendations aimed at prevention and identification of important clinical issues to further standardize the prevention,diagnosis,and treatment of HFRS. | Hong Jiang Changxing Huang Xuefan Bai Fuchun Zhang Bingliang Lin Shiwen Wang Zhansheng Jia Jingjun Wang Jing Liu Shuangsuo Dang Yingren Zhao Xiaoguang Dou Fuqiang Cui Wenhong Zhang Jianqi Lian Guiqiang Wang Zhiliang Gao | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Acute Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin: Operational Recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital显示文摘Around 450 cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children have been reported in 21 countries and region globally since April 2022,which has exceeded the past annual incidences of related regions,and has aroused wide concern.Affected patients were predominantly children under 16years of age,presented with symptoms of acute hepatitis with markedly elevated liver enzymes,and had been ruled out of common viral infections such as hepatitis A,B,C,D,and E.Similar cases have not been reported in China yet.However,considering that the severe acute hepatitis has involved worldwide areas,still with unknown origin,and incidences of severity is relatively high,we formulated this recommendation to standardize diagnosis and treatment of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in Peking Union Medical College Hospital,to get fully prepared to the possible public health events. | Wei Cao Zhenghong Li Huadong Zhu Xiang Zhou Qiwen Yang Yang Han Jihai Liu Qing Chang Taisheng Li | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Research Progress on the Pathogenesis of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome显示文摘Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)is an acute natural focus epidemic disease characterized by fever,shock,hemorrhage and kidney injury caused by hantavirus infection.Hantavirus mainly infects human vascular endothelial cells,and induces extensive damage to small blood vessels and capillaries.Increased vascular permeability is the pathological basis for clinical manifestations of HFRS.Although domestic and foreign scholars have carried out many studies on the hantavirus pathogenesis,such as the immune pathological response induced by hantavirus,host genetics and apoptosis,thrombocytopenia,coagulation and fibrinolysis dysfunction,and the vascular endothelial damage,the pathogenesis of HFRS has not been fully elucidated and there is no effective drug yet.In-depth discussion of the molecular mechanism of HFRS and finding effective therapeutic drugs are still the research hotspots on the field of hantavirus/HFRS.This review will elaborate the research progress on the pathogenesis of HFRS in recent years. | Hong Du Pingzhong Wang Xuefan Bai Jing Li Xiaoyan Wang Haifeng Hu Ying Zhang Hong Jiang Huanjun Shen Jiayi Zhan Jianqi Lian | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Expert Recommendation for Novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination in HIV-Infected Adults显示文摘The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has become a pandemic.SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is currently being actively promoted worldwide as a promising measure to combat the pandemic.However,human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-infected individuals who manifest varying degrees of immunodeficiency and chronic inflammation may require special consideration with regards to vaccine types and the timing of immunization depending on specific clinical situations.The present recommendation provides a reference for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in HIV-infected patients. | AIDS and Hepatitis C Professional Group,Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases Taisheng Li Hongzhou Lu | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Dengue in China显示文摘Dengue is the most prevalent and rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral disease.As a dengue non-endemic country,China has experienced several dengue outbreaks in recent years.However,dengue patients in China display clinical characteristics that are distinct from those of patients in dengue-endemic countries.To standardize the diagnosis and treatment of dengue fever,the experts at the Society of Infectious Diseases,Society of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology of the Chinese Medical Association,and the Society of Emergency Medicine of China Association of Chinese Medicine have developed a guideline after reviewing the following guidelines and data:guidelines for diagnosis,treatment,prevention,and control of dengue(World Health Organization,2009);the guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of dengue(National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China,2014,Edition 2);health industry standard of the People’s Republic of China“diagnosis for dengue fever(WS216-2018)”;and systemic reports on dengue.The new guideline includes eight aspects:introduction,terminology,epidemiology and prevention,etiology and pathogenesis,clinical features,diagnosis,treatment,and problems to be solved. | Fuchun Zhang Jianfeng He Jie Peng Xiaoping Tang Chengfeng Qin Hongzhou Lu Xingwang Li Qingquan Liu Hong Zhao Jifang Sheng Guiqiang Wang Society of Infectious Diseases,Society of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology,Chinese Medical Association Society of Emergency Medicine,China Association of Chinese Medicine | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Precipitated by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection in a Patient with Hepatitis B Virus-Related Cirrhosis: A Case Report显示文摘We present a case of acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF)in a patient with hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related decompensated cirrhosis and coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).A 58-year-old woman with HBV-related and decompensated cirrhosis without any anti-viral treatment previously was admitted to the hospital due to a confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.On admission,she was in stable condition.Thoracic computed tomography(CT)and laboratory findings showed no significant abnormalities.Entecavir was initiated promptly for HBV,while antiviral therapy and supportive treatment were initiated for COVID-19.Her lung infection exacerbated after 10days of recurrent fever despite treatments,and there were signs of HBV reactivation.ACLF and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome developed rapidly from day 10 to day 19.The patient’s clinical deterioration was also consistent with pneumonia progression and elevated interleukin 6 levels.SARS-CoV-2 likely precipitated ACLF in cirrhotic patients,either by inducing HBV flare or serving as an acute insult directly.This study discussed the underlying mechanisms of this process and management details.Monitoring HBV status is necessary,and inflammatory parameters might be valuable.HBV suppression should be initiated early,and variceal hemorrhage primary prevention might be beneficial in COVID-19 patients with cirrhosis. | Wanling Chen Qiran Zhang Shijun Li Ruiting Liang Haiqun Liang Yiqi Yu Chao Qiu Jiannan Lv Wenhong Zhang | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 Patients (Tentative 8th Edition): Interpretation of Updated Key Points显示文摘Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major global public health pandemic. China was the first country to report the epidemic situation, which quickly identified the pathogen, and released the novel coronavirus gene sequence globally. Thus, China has played an essential role in the global fight against COVID-19. Since the outbreak of the epidemic, the Chinese government and citizens have pursued robust prevention and control measures, including wearing masks, hand hygiene, social distancing, etc. Large-scale nucleic acid testing has been fully implemented and has resulted in early detection, reporting, quarantine, and treatment. China’s epidemic situation has been generally brought under control, and the fatality rate has been effectively controlled.[1,2,3,4] Recently there are sporadic cases of COVID-19 in China. Of the locally transmitted cases reported at January 20, 2021, 68 were reported in Heilongjiang, 33 in Jilin, 20 in Hebei, two each in Beijing and Shanxi, and one in Shandong, the National Health Commission reported.[5] | Gui-Qiang Wang Lei Zhao Xia Wang Yan-Mei Jiao Fu-Sheng Wang | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Opinion on the Policy of Lifting Restrictions to Entry Under the Circumstance of the COVID-19 Pandemic显示文摘One of the serious consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic is the extreme restriction on international contacts.Communication between some countries has almost been frozen for a period of time,which is a manifestation of“social distancing”,a strategy for epidemic prevention and control,among countries.In the context of economic globalization,“social distancing”has caused serious adverse effects,including poor communication in society,the economy and personnel,reduced efficiency of resource allocation,and increased costs.Therefore,people should take necessary measures to restore international contact and eliminate these adverse effects as soon as possible. | Ailong Huang Jieli Hu Hong Zhang | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 15 | SARS-CoV-2 Variants:Surveillance,Evaluation,and Challenges显示文摘The COVID-19 pandemic,caused by SARS-CoV-2,has been a public health emergency of international concern since 2020.[1]The virus has rapidly swept across 223 countries and regions around the world,causing approximately 185 million infections and 4.01 million deaths worldwide.[2]This outbreak has severely endangered global public health security,as well as the health and lives of people. | Baoying Huang Wenjie Tan | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 16 | Expert Recommendation on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination in Patients with Chronic Liver Diseases,Tuberculosis or Rheumatoid Diseases显示文摘The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)has triggered a global pandemic.At present,vaccination is being promoted worldwide and has become an important measure to control the pandemic.People with chronic liver diseases,tuberculosis,and rheumatic diseases are at a high risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 and have a tendency to develop severe illness.Thus,vaccination among this population should be considered a priority.After taking into account domestic and international evidence,established guidelines,and local expert opinions,the operating rules for COVID-19 vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases,tuberculosis,and rheumatic diseases have been prepared to provide specific suggestions. | Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases,Chinese Medical Association Chinese Society of Rheumatology,Chinese Medical Association Taisheng Li Yan Zhao | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 17 | Characterization of Specific Humoral Immunity in Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection显示文摘The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in December 2019 caused a huge blow to both global public health and global economy.At the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)epidemic,asymptomatic individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection were ignored,without appropriate identification and isolation.However,asymptomatic individuals proved to comprise a high proportion of all SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals,which greatly contributed to the rapid and wide spread of this disease.In this review,we summarize the latest advances in epidemiological characteristics,diagnostic assessment methods,factors related to the establishment of SARS-CoV-2 asymptomatic infection,as well as humoral immune features after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in asymptomatic individuals,which would contribute to effective control of ongoing COVID-19 epidemic. | Yingying Deng Jiaxin Zheng Yong Lin Ailong Huang | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 18 | Moving Toward a Functional Cure for HIV-1显示文摘Despite the recent success of suppressing human immunodeficiency virus 1(HIV-1)replication in the peripheral blood with antiretroviral therapy,elimination of the provirus from infected cells remains challenging because the virus can integrate into the host genome and become a latent proviral reservoir.The removal of these latent viral reservoirs from tissue containing infected resting memory CD4+T cells remains a major barrier to developing a cure for HIV-1.Several novel strategies have recently been developed for curing HIV infection.These include stem cell transplantation with CCR5-D32 mutated cells,initial antiretroviral treatment in the very early stage of HIV infection,gene editing to excise the HIV genome or generate CCR5-mutated HIV-1-resistant cells,“shock-and-kill”to reactivate latent HIV using latency reversal agents combined with enhanced immune clearance methods,and an emerging“block-and-lock”strategy to reactivate latent HIV using latency reversal agents combined with enhanced immune clearance methods.However,the high risks and limitations to scale-up in clinics,as well as poor performance in clinical trials,have hampered these efforts.This review aims to describe the present efforts that are being made to combat HIV latency,and critically discuss the limitations and future of the cure for HIV-1. | Wen Kang Yongtao Sun | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 19 | Bronchoscopy and Pathology Findings in an Unusual Case of Allergic Bronchopulmonary Mycosis显示文摘The diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis(ABPM)is usually made on clinical,serologic,and roentgenographic findings.However,the indicators in such diagnostic criteria still lack specificity,which results in a high rate of misdiagnosis.A 47-year-old woman was diagnosed with“tuberculosis”or“pneumonia”for 10years and after thoracoscopic right upper lung resection the following chest CT showed right lung atelectasis.Brown sputum was seen in the right bronchus via bronchoscopy.Reviewing the surgical pathology specimen,the bronchi were found to be generally cystic dilated,and a large amount of mucus was retained and formed a mucus plug.The final diagnosis of the case was ABPM.The current diagnostic criteria of ABPM do not emphasize the role of bronchoscopy and pathological examination,but bronchoscopy and pathological examination still have important value for some atypical cases with suspected ABPM. | Yongqun Li Caiyun Zhang Chunyang Zhang | 2021 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2021，1，3： | 0 |
| 20 | The Arms Race in the War Between Virus and Host: Implications for Anti-Infection Immunity显示文摘Viruses are recognized as the simplest form of life on earth,whereas humans are the most complex,flattered by ourselves.Nonetheless,warfare between viruses and human immunity is never ending.Some human organs,such as the respiratory tract and liver,appear to be fertile ground for specific viruses,leading to sometimes aggressive infection.The immune system acts as the human’s army,shouldering the responsibility of defending the body.Military operations are carried out by a complex system,reflected in the intricacy of its components. | William J.Liu Jianqing Xu | 2022 | Infectious Diseases & Immunity2022，2，3： | 0 |
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