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| 1 | Welcome Back to the Pre-Penicillin Era.Why We Desperately Need New Strategies in the Battle Against Bacterial Pathogens显示文摘In 2023,one hundred years will have passed since penicillin was discovered.My parents'generation was bor around the time penicillin was introduced(in 1942),raising their children when the last class of antibiotics was introduced(Daptomycin in the late 1980s),and recently saw major players of the pharmaceutical industry abandon their research programs on novel antibiotics.1,2 In the span of one lifetime,mankind has experienced the tremendous success of antibiotics and the realization of the horrific consequences of their failure,with over 10 million deaths predicted by 2050 due to multidrug-resistant infections.3 With the rise of multidrug resistant pathogens,resistant to many if not all compounds,it scems the golden era of antibiotics has lasted less than one century. | Sebastian Leptihn | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Molecular Mechanisms of Gut Microbiota-Associated Colorectal Carcinogenesis显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is the cancer occurring in colon and rectum,and is the fourth leading cause of tumor-associated deaths worldwide.As a multi-etiological cancer,CRC could be induced by genetic and environmental factors,including unhealthy diet,irregular lifestyle,inappropriate inflammatory,and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.Since immunotherapy has been the most popular cancer therapy nowadays,the relationships among gut microbiota,host immune cells and CRC pathogenesis are widely investigated.Scientists constantly tried to figure out the underlying mechanisms involved to support the further therapeutic studies.In this review,we discuss the component shifts of gut microbiota in CRC patients compared with healthy people,summarize how immune cells participate in protecting host from pathogenic microbes,elaborate the molecular mechanisms involved in gut microbiota-associated carcinogenesis of colonic epithelial cells and look into how gut microbiota influence the CRC therapy. | Yichang Shao Xun Zeng | 2020 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2020，2，3： | 1 |
| 3 | Nutrition Metabolism and Infections显示文摘Infection and nutrition are intricately interacted and further influence human health.Infections are a worldwide health problem and malnutrition plays a significant role in the emergence of infection.Growing evidence suggests that the optimization of dietary nutrients intake is crucial in maintaining systemic immunity and may help improve resistance to infections.In this review,we explore a wide range of topics including interactions between nutrients and various infectious diseases.We also discuss the role of diet-induced gut microbiota in the infection-nutrition cycle and review how dietary-microbiome crosstalk may affect disease development and progression,which may provide an attractive option to the design of a diet leading to favorable outcomes in the future.We will also present evidence and propose mechanisms of nutrients that may specifically modulate host immunity and metabolism to infectious pathogens and also cover its influence on nutrition,focusing on immuno-nutrients.We provide representative nutrients in the present review based on their intensive studies and wide acceptance of their immuno-modulating properties.Moreover,the efficacy and translational cost of their plausible utility to be anti-infective nutrients are also reviewed.Finally,we highlight the current progress and challenges to gain a better understanding of the research into microbiota,infectious diseases,and nutrition with an emphasis on future research directions. | Fang Yang Yi Yang Lingchan Zeng Yiwei Chen Gucheng Zeng | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Mass Spectrometry Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein Reveals Camouflaging Glycans and Unique Post-Translational Modifications显示文摘The devastating coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic has prompted worldwide efforts to study structural biological traits of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)and its viral components.Compared to the Spike protein,which is the primary target for currently available vaccines or antibodies,knowledge about other virion structural components is incomplete.Using high-resolution mass spectrometry,we report a comprehensive post-translational modification(PTM)analysis of nucleocapsid phosphoprotein(NCP),the most abundant structural component of the SARS-CoV-2 virion.In addition to phosphoryl groups,we show that the SARS-CoV-2 NCP is decorated with a variety of PTMs,including N-glycans and ubiquitin.Based on newly identified PTMs,refined protein structural models of SARS-CoV-2 NCP were proposed and potential immune recognition epitopes of NCP were aligned with PTMs.These data can facilitate the design of novel vaccines or therapeutics targeting NCP,as valuable alternatives to the current vaccination and treatment paradigm that is under threat of the ever-mutating SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. | Zeyu Sun Xiaoqin Zheng Feiyang Ji Menghao Zhou Xiaoling Su Keyi Ren Lanjuan Li | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Nutrition-Associated Processes Govern Fungal Pathogenicity显示文摘Fungal pathogens present a major common threat across human communities:they cause disease and death in humans,animals,and global food crops.The development of anti-fungal therapies is hampered primarily by the lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity at the host-pathogen axis.Many studies have shown that nutrition-associated processes such as autophagy and metal homeostasis play essential roles in fungal virulence during systemic infection.During infection,the host immune system often employs nutrition restriction mechanisms to limit microbial proliferation and facilitate the killing and elimination of invading pathogens.Therefore,fast sensing and adaptation to the levels of environmental nutrients are critical if the fungal pathogen is to survive,replicate,and colonize in the host.Fungal cells have evolved numerous precise mechanisms to respond to various levels of nutrient availability.Studies show that fungal cells manipulate the expression of genes involved in nutrient acquisition,autophagosome formation,toxic nutrient detoxification,or cell morphological transition to counter the anti-fungal strategies of the host.This review of the most recent studies of nutrition-related pathways focuses primarily on autophagy,metal homeostasis,and the nutrition-driven morphological switches found in two major human fungal pathogens,Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.It is a systematic comparison of the functional divergence of nutrition-related genes in the fungal pathogenicity of these evolutionarily distinct but related fungal species. | Xindi Gao Yi Fu Chen Ding | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Pharmacological and Immunological Aspects of Phage Therapy显示文摘Bacteriophages,or viruses of microbes,when used as a medical strategy,might be able to solve the current crisis mankind faces with the increasing number of pathogens being antibiotic-resistant,where chemical drugs seized to show any therapeutic effect.The socalled phage therapy may be one of the most promising alternatives to treat infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria,which are killed after infection by a phage.While phages that destroy the host by lysis are chosen for therapy,many pharmacological and immunological aspects of phages as medicines have not been established so far.The immune system plays an important role in a process called phage acceptance where both,innate and adaptive immune responses of the host are involved.However,not only medical aspects but also social ones such as lacking public awareness or acceptance,and lack of structured regulatory guidelines are challenges that have to be addressed in the near future to establish phage therapy as a reliable and safe alternative for the treatment of infections.This review focuses on the unique pharmacological and immunological aspects of phages used in therapy. | Prasanth Manohar Ashok.J.Tamhankar Sebastian Leptihn Nachimuthu Ramesh | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Evaluation of the Mechanisms Underlying Amino Acid and Microbiota Interactions in Intestinal Infections Using Germ-Free Animals显示文摘Intestinal infectious diseases refer to the inflammatory changes in the intestinal tract caused by pathogens(including bacteria,viruses,fungi,protozoa,or parasites)or their toxic products.A large number of microorganisms colonize the intestinal tract of healthy people,which together with the intestinal epithelium constitute the biological barrier of the intestinal tract to resist infectious diseases.As an“invisible organ,”the intestinal flora is closely related to human nutrition metabolism and intestinal infections.A variety of intestinal flora participates in the nutritional metabolism of amino acids,and the small molecular substances produced by the amino acid metabolism through the intestinal flora can enhance intestinal immunity and resist bacterial infections.In turn,amino acids can also regulate the composition of the intestinal flora,maintain the steady-state of the intestinal flora,protect the intestinal barrier,and inhibit colonization by pathogenic bacteria.As a model animal with a clear microbial background,germ-free(GF)animals can clarify the mechanisms of interactions between intestinal microbes and amino acid metabolism in intestinal infections by combining genetic engineering technology and multi-omics studies.This article reviews related researches on the involvement of intestinal microbes in host amino acid metabolism and resistance to intestinal infections and discusses the advantages of GF animal models for studying the underlying mechanisms.The GF animal model is helpful to further study the intervention effects of amino acid metabolism of targeted intestinal flora on intestinal infections. | Yapeng Yang Peng Bin Shiyu Tao Guoqiang Zhu Zhifeng Wu Wei Cheng Wenkai Ren Hong Wei | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Protection Against Lethal Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections Using Macrophage Cell Therapy显示文摘Multidrug-resistant(MDR)bacterial infections exert a tremendous burden on the public health system throughout the developing and developedworld.Slowing development of novel antibiotic scaffolds,over-prescription of antibiotics,extensive agricultural antibiotic use,and the increasingly complex hospitalized patient populations undergoing treatment,all fuel the rise of highly MDR“superbugs.”Unfortunately,host-directed therapies to boost immune resistance to infection are not currently available for treatment of MDR pathogens.Hematopoietic cells are endowed with a variety ofmechanismsto control microbial invasion.Macrophages in particular have long been appreciated as potent antimicrobial immune cells equipped with several receptors that allow for rapid recognition,phagocytosis,and killing of pathogenic microbes,coupled to secretion of immunostimulatory cytokines to further orchestrate a robust multifaceted antibacterial immune response.To investigate the utility of macrophages as a cell therapy for MDR bacterial infections,we developed a therapeutically translatable process to generate,harvest,and cryopreserve monocyte-derived macrophages(ICONIMACTM).These cells effectively killed both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR pathogens in vitro,and conferred protection in vivo against experimental lethal peritonitis and lung infection.Our discoveries provide a proof-of-concept for a novel immunotherapeutic approach against MDR bacterial infections,urgently needed to supplement the diminishing antibiotic pipeline. | Robert Tacke Josh Sun Satoshi Uchiyama Anya Polovina Deborah G.Nguyen Victor Nizet | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Engagement of TLR and Dectin-1/Syk Signaling Is Required for Activation of Notch Targets in Dendritic Cells显示文摘Pattern-recognition receptors,such as toll-like receptors(TLRs),detect a wide range of microbial products and initiate innate immune responses leading to the production of inflammatory mediators.In addition,TLR signaling also activates expression of Notch target genes that play crucial roles in suppression of TLR-triggered inflammatory responses.However,whether TLR signaling pathways engaged by other classes of pattern-recognition receptors induce expression of Notch target genes remains unclear.Here we demonstrate that zymosan,a stimulus for TLR2 and dectin-1,strongly induces expression of multiple Notch target genes in both human and murine dendritic cells.Mechanistically,induction of Notch targets by zymosan is both TLR2-and Syk-dependent through activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases and the transcription factor c-Fos.Hence,our data reveals a novel mechanism that efficient induction of Notch target genes requires engagement of TLR and dectin-1/Syk signaling pathways. | Yuna Zhao Chanyang Ju Karmen Au Jimmy Zhu Baohong Zhao Yingli Shang Xiaoyu Hu | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Determination of Fusidic Acid Susceptibility of Multidrug-resistant Gonococcal Isolates from China显示文摘The currently recommended gonococcal therapies are rapidly losing efficacy and;therefore,novel options for treatment are urgently required to ensure future treatment remains available.Here we investigated the susceptibility of 379 contemporary clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from China for susceptibility to fusidic acid.These isolates include numerous multidrug-resistant strains with resistance or reduced susceptibility against ceftriaxone and/or azithromycin,antimicrobials that are currently recommended as a first-line dual therapy.Although official susceptibility breakpoints have not been established,all gonococcal isolates appeared to be susceptible to fusidic acid,with the majority of isolates displaying a minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of 0.25 or 0.5mg/L.Overall,the MIC90 was 0.5mg/L,with a MIC range of 0.08-2mg/L.Importantly,no correlation between fusidic acid susceptibility and susceptibility to ceftriaxone or azithromycin was observed.Further analysis of gonococcal survival curves indicated that fusidic acid was only mildly bactericidal at the highest tested concentrations(4MIC).In conclusion,fusidic acid displayed consistent antimicrobial activity against N.gonorrhoeae and,given the absence of cross-resistance with ceftriaxone and azithromycin,might be interesting for further evaluation of single or dual antimicrobial therapies in combination with ceftriaxone or azithromycin. | Fan Yang Stijn van der Veen | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Is Hyperbaric Oxygen an Effective Treatment for the Prevention of Complications in SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic Patients?显示文摘Is hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBO2T)useful to counteract severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in positive asymptomatic patients?Asymptomatic persons seem to account for approximately 45%of SARS-CoV-2 infections,and they can transmit the virus to others for an extended period,perhaps longer than 14days.In patients dying from SARS-CoV-2 infection,the mean number of concomitant diseases was 3.6(median 3,standard deviation 2.1).Many of these diseases are correlated with the nitric oxide synthase genetic polymorphism and reduced nitric oxide synthesis[risk for coronary heart disease:odds ratio(95%confidence interval)=2.74(1.78-3.85)].HBO2T significantly increases the production of nitric oxide and free radicals which,in laboratory tests,inhibit the replication of the SARS-CoV.HBO2T upregulates hypoxia inducible factor,which promotes the expression of human antiviral peptides:defensins and cathelicidins,both effective to block the virus.Thus,HBO2T regulates the inflammatory response.We share our pilot study conclusions as a basis for clinical trials. | Pasquale Longobardi Klarida Hoxha Fabiana Perreca | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Correlates of Sexual Lifestyles Among Older Adults Living With HIV in China: Findings From the Sexual Well-being (SWELL) Study显示文摘Sexual lifestyles are closely related to overall human health and well-being.Few studies have focused on sexual lifestyles among older adults living with HIV(OALHIV),especially in low-and middle-income countries.This study is a part of the sexual well-being among older adults in China(SWELL)study,which is a multicenter cross-sectional study focused on sexual health among older adults aged 50 years and older.Participants were 680 OALHIV(≥50 years old)from the SWELL study conducted from June 2020 to December 2022.Data were collected through one-on-one interviews.We used logistic regression to assess the correlates of sexual activity and sexual satis-faction.Among all participants,37.1%were sexually active.Being older,male,in a steady relationship and employed were associated with being sexually active.The prevalence of sexual satisfaction was 69.8%among sexually active OALHIV.Being homosexual and reporting a better general health status were associated with sexual satisfaction.The OALHIV who have depressive symptoms were less likely to report sexual satisfaction.To support holistic healthy aging among OALHIV,it is important for healthcare providers to be educated about the importance of enquiring about sexual activity,satisfaction and problems and addressing concerns while conveying sex-positive attitudes during clinical reviews,as these are still critical aspects of their health and well-being. | Bingyi Wang Xin Peng Leiwen Fu Xinyi Li Tongxin Shi Bowen Liang Tian Tian Thomas Fitzpatrick Zhen Lu Weijie Zhang JunyeBian Xin Xiao YingWang Yunlong Ao Lin Ouyang YongCai Maohe Yu Guohui Wu Linghua Li Xiaojun Meng Huachun Zou | 2023 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2023，5，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of Persister Drug Combination Clinafloxacin+Cefuroxime+Gentamicin That Eradicates Persistent Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in a Murine Cystic Fibrosis Model显示文摘Pseudomonas aeruginosa can cause persistent infections,such as biofilm infections,in cystic fibrosis patients,which are difficult to cure due to non-growing persister bacteria that are not effectively killed by the current treatments.While antibiotic activity against growing P.aeruginosa is well documented,their activity against non-growing stationary phase cultures is less clear.Here,we evaluated six major classes of antibiotics,including cell wall and cell membrane inhibitors,protein synthesis inhibitors,DNA synthesis inhibitors,RNA synthesis inhibitors,sulfa drugs and nitrofurantoin,for their activity against growing and non-growing P.aeruginosa.We foundthat cell wall and cell membrane inhibitors(cefuroxime and colistin),DNA synthesis inhibitors(clinafloxacin)and sulfa drugs(sulfamethoxazole)had good activity against stationary-phase bacteria,while protein synthesis inhibitors(gentamicin),RNA synthesis inhibitor(rifampin)and nitrofurantoin showed relatively poor activity.Clinafloxacin was the only drug able to completely eradicate stationary-phase bacteria within four days.The cefuroxime+gentamicin+clinafloxacin combination was able to kill all bacteria from a biofilm within two days,whereas the clinically used drug combination cefuroxime+gentamicin/colistin only partially killed the biofilmbacteria.In amurine persistent cystic fibrosis lung infectionmodel,only the cefuroxime+gentamicin+clinafloxacin drug combination eradicated all bacteria from the lungs,whereas clinafloxacin alone,cefuroxime+clinafloxacin or the currently recommended drug combination cefuroxime+gentamicin failed to do so.The complete eradication is a property of the clinafloxacin combination,as the otherwise identical levofloxacin combination did not clear the bacterial loads from the lungs.Our findings offer new therapeutic options for more effective treatment of persistent P.aeruginosa infections,with possible implications for treating other persistent infections. | Yuting Yuan Rebecca Yee Naina Gour Xinzhong Dong Jie Feng Wanliang Shi Ying Zhang | 2023 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2023，5，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The Group A Streptococcus Interleukin-8 Protease SpyCEP Promotes Bacterial Intracellular Survival by Evasion of Autophagy显示文摘Autophagy serves an innate immune function in defending the host against invading bacteria,including group A Streptococcus(GAS).Autophagy is regulated by numerous host proteins,including the endogenous negative regulator calpain,a cytosolic protease.Globally disseminated serotypeM1T1 GAS strains associated with high invasive disease potential express numerous virulence factors and resist autophagic clearance.Upon in vitro infection of human epithelial cell lines with representative wild-type GAS M1T1 strain 5448(M1.5448),we observed increased calpain activation linked to a specific GAS virulence factor,the interleukin-8 protease SpyCEP.Calpain activation inhibited autophagy and decreased capture of cytosolic GAS in autophagosomes.In contrast,the serotype M6 GAS strain JRS4(M6.JRS4),which is highly susceptible to host autophagy-mediated killing,expresses low levels of SpyCEP and does not activate calpain.Overexpression of SpyCEP in M6.JRS4 stimulated calpain activation,inhibited autophagy,and significantly decreased bacterial capture in autophagosomes.These paired loss-and gain-of-function studies reveal a novel role for the bacterial protease SpyCEP in enabling GAS M1 evasion of autophagy and host innate immune clearance. | RenéBergmann Giuseppe Gulotta Federica Andreoni Tomoko Sumitomo Shigetada Kawabata Annelies S.Zinkernagel Gursharan S.Chhatwal Victor Nizet Manfred Rohde Satoshi Uchiyama | 2022 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2022，4，3： | 1 |
| 15 | An Approach to the Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Biomarkers for the Early Diagnosis of Liver Cancer Using Quantum Dot Nanoprobes显示文摘Biomarker-based early diagnosis of liver cancer is of high clinical value for reducing the mortality rate.However,it has been challenging to establish early detection methods with a single biomarker such as alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)because of limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.Therefore,developing multiplexed biomarker detection assays is crucially important for early diagnosis.Yet,simultaneous detection methods involving three or more biomarkers have been scarce.Here we suggest employing the serological biomarker panel of glypican-3(GPC3),dickkopf-1(DKK1),and AFP for liver cancer detection.We present a rapid simultaneous detection approach for the biomarker panel labeled with three fluorescent quantum dot nanoprobes(emission wavelengths at 565 nm,605 nm,and 655 nm).As a proof-of-concept,simultaneous fluorescence detection of the biomarker panel was demonstrated using mixed reference samples containing human recombinant GPC3,DKK1,and AFP antigens.Our simultaneous detection approach conferred a linear range of 0.625–2.5 ng·mL^(-1)for the entire biomarker panel,which merits further clinical validation for the simultaneous and accurate determination of the biomarker panel in human serum samples. | Ningtao Cheng Jing Fu | 2022 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2022，4，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A Call For a Multidisciplinary Future of Phage Therapy to Combat Multi-drug Resistant Bacterial Infections显示文摘Our trust in modern medicine is currently eroding as we come to realize the global health crisis that is caused by pathogens that are resistant to many,if not all,antibiotics.Soon,we will be exposed to a situation similar to the era before the discovery of Penicillin,where an ordinary injury,a simple cut-if infected-could result in our lives coming to an abrupt end.1 With the emergence of bacteria that are antibiotic resistant[antimicrobial resistance(AMR)],governments of many countries have recognized the criticality of this issue and have started programmes to understand the molecular and evolutionary basis of AMR,in order to avoid the spreading of resistance and to develop novel treatments against multi-drug resistant pathogens. | Belinda Loh Sebastian Leptihn | 2020 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Allicin and Glycyrrhizic Acid Display Antiviral Activity Against Latent and Lytic Kaposi Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus显示文摘Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV)triggers the development of Kaposi sarcoma,a skin malignancy that is one of the most widespread defining symptoms in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients.KSHV manifests in two distinct cycles,a chronic latent cycle and an acute lytic cycle.Current clinical anti-herpesvirus therapeutic agents are predominantly composed of nucleoside analogues that target viral replication in the lytic cycle only,while KSHV latent genes are at the basis tumorigenesis.Currently,there are no effective therapies targeting latent KSHV infections.Therefore,the aim of this study was to identify putative therapeutic compounds with inhibitory activity against latent KSHV.The KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cell line BC-3 was used to study antiviral activity of glycyrrhizic acid(GA),Allicin,and epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG)against latent and lytic KSHV.Activity of GA,Allicin,EGCG,and the established anti-lytic cycle control compound ganciclovir was quantified by real-time polymerase chain reaction of nuclear and virion KSHV DNA yields after treatment compared with the untreated control.GA and Allicin showed antiviral activity against both latent and lytic KSHV,while EGCG displayed activity against lytic KSHV only.Therefore,GA and Allicin are interesting compounds for further development of anti-KSHV therapy against latent cycle infections. | Yirui Xie Ying Chen Yongzheng Guo Ying Huang Biao Zhu | 2020 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2020，2，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Introducing Our New Journal: Infectious Microbes & Diseases显示文摘The 20th century has witnessed a steep decline of the global burden of infectious diseases due to improved hygiene conditions in large parts of the world and the introduction of vaccines and antimicrobials.However,in today’s global landscape infectious diseases still remain a major concern.According to the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study,communicable diseases still accounted for approximately 8.14 million deaths,which was 14.6%of all age deaths for that year.1 Furthermore,it accounted for 24%of all age years of life lost.Infectious disease outbreaks have been rising since the 1980s2 and pathogenic microbes are now spreading faster geographically due to international traveling.Simultaneously,emerging and reemerging infectious diseases are being identified faster than ever before.The resurgence of these emerging and re-emerging diseases might be caused by climate change,changing international food chains,and a rise in antimicrobial resistance.According to a recent report on antimicrobial resistance issued by the UK government,3 unless proper action is taken,drugresistant diseases might cause 10 million deaths per year by 2050,costing the global economy up to 100 trillion dollar. | Stijn van der Veen Lanjuan Li | 2019 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2019，1，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Macrophage-Mediated Defensive Mechanisms Involving Zinc Homeostasis in Bacterial Infection显示文摘Zinc homeostasis in macrophages is essential for maintaining their antimicrobial functions,and a growing body of evidence indicates that both zinc depletion and excess zinc in myeloid cells decrease bacterial survival.In macrophages,maintaining intracellular and extracellular zinc levels via zinc transporter proteins,including Slc30a and Slc39a family members,plays an important role in the response to immunological signals and infection.Recently,studies have found that macrophages utilize a variety of zinc-modulating mechanisms,thus expanding our knowledge regarding the role that zinc plays in response to bacterial infection.Here,we review recent progress with respect to altered zinc metabolism in macrophages and the consequences with respect to fighting invading pathogens. | Pinanong Na-Phatthalung Junxia Min Fudi Wang | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Metabolic Regulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome显示文摘The progression of many diseases is accompanied by inflammation,in which inflammasomes play an important role.Inflammasomes are large multimolecular complexes present in the cytosol of stimulated immune cells,which mediate the activation of caspase-1 and the secretion of cytokines,leading to cellular pyroptosis.During this process,metabolic regulation of the inflammasome is gaining increasing attention in this field.This review focuses on a major inflammasome,NOD-,LRR-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3(NLRP3),and discusses the role and significance of its metabolic regulation. | Qizhen Ye Sheng Chen Di Wang | 2021 | Infectious Microbes & Diseases2021，3，4： | 1 |
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