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| 1 | Osteoporosis in primary biliary cholangitis显示文摘Primary biliary cholangitis(PBC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease with multiple debilitating complications. Osteoporosis is a common complication of PBC resulting in frequent fractures and leading to significant morbidity in this population, yet evidence for effective therapy is lacking. We sought to summarize our current understanding of the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in PBC, as well as current and emerging therapies in order to guide future research directions. A complete search with a comprehensive literature review was performed with studies from Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane database, and the Countway Library. Osteoporosis in PBC is driven primarily by decreased bone formation, which differs from the increased bone resorption seen in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Despite this fundamental difference, current treatment recommendations are based primarily on experience with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Trials specific to PBC-related osteoporosis are small and have not consistently demonstrated a benefit in this population. As it stands, prevention of osteoporosis in PBC relies on the mitigation of risk factors such as smoking and alcohol use, as well as encouraging a healthy diet and weight-bearing exercise. The primary medical intervention for the treatment of osteoporosis in PBC remains bisphosphonates though a benefit in terms of fracture reduction has never been shown. This review outlines what is known regarding the pathogenesis of bone disease in PBC and summarizes current and emerging therapies. | Christopher J Danford Hirsh D Trivedi Konstantinos Papamichael Elliot B Tapper Alan Bonder | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，31： | 13 |
| 2 | Standard forward-viewing colonoscopy versus full-spectrum endoscopy: an international, multicentre, randomised, tandem colonoscopy trial显示文摘 | Ian M Gralnek Peter D Siersema Zamir Halpern Ori Segol Alaa Melhem Alain Suissa Erwin Santo Alan Sloyer Jay Fenster Leon M G Moons Vincent K Dik Ralph B D’Agostino Douglas K Rex | 2014 | Lancet Oncology2014，，3： | 6 |
| 3 | Astrocyte elevated gene-1 regulates hepatocellular carcinoma development and progression显示文摘 | Yoo Byoung Kwon Emdad Luni Su Zao-zhong Villanueva Augusto Chiang Derek Y Mukhopadhyay Nitai D Mills Alan Scott Waxman Samuel Fisher Robert A Llovet Josep M Fisher Paul B Sarkar Devanand | 2009 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2009，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Contiuous and bilevel positive airway pressure in the treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema 显示文摘 | Joshua M Kosowsky M D Alan B | 2000 | Am J Emerg Med2000，18，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Activation of the systemic and adipose renin-angiotensin system in rats with diet-induced obesity and hypertension显示文摘 | Carine MB Kalyani B J Alan D | 2004 | Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol2004，287，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Organizational assimilation of innovations:a multilevel contextual ananlysis显示文摘 | Meyer Alan D Goes James B | 1988 | Academy of Management Journal1988，31，4： | 1 |
| 7 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Christopher A S Rasmus H Arfa R.M Warwick B D Gillian M S Royston G Alan J D | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 8 | Pedicel breakstrength and cellulase gene expression during tomato flower abscission显示文摘 | Elena D C Alan B B | 1996 | Plant Physiology1996，111，81： | 1 |
| 9 | The impact of complications on outcomes after resection for esophageal and gastroesophageal junction carcinoma显示文摘 | Nabil P Rizk Peter B Bach Deborah Schrag Manjit S Bains Alan D Turnbull Martin Karpeh Murray F Brennan Valerie W Rusch | 2004 | Journal of the American College of Surgeons2004，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | A survey of hard real-time scheduling for multiprocessor systems显示文摘 | Robert I D Alan B | 2011 | ACM Computing Surveys2011，43，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Determination of dissolved organic nitrogen in natural waters using high-temperature catalytic oxidation显示文摘 | E1-Sayed A B Eric P A Alan D T | 2003 | Trends in analytical chemistry2003，22，11： | 1 |
| 12 | The formation of pyrophorie iron sulphide from rust 显示文摘 | Robert Walker Alan D Steele David T B Morgan | 1987 | Sur- face and Coatings Technology1987，31，： | 1 |
| 13 | In vivo tracking of platelets:Circulating degranulated platelets rapidly lose surface P-selectin but continue to circulate and function显示文摘 | Marc R B Herbert B H | 1996 | Med Sci1996，93，11： | 1 |
| 14 | Diel fish movements in the littoral zone of a temporarily closed South African estuary显示文摘 | Alistair B Paul D C Alan K W | 2011 | Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology2011，406，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Size-dependent, sex-dependent, and seasonal changes in insulinlike growth factor I in the loggerhead sea turtle ( Caretta caretta) 显示文摘 | ANDREW D C ALAN B B KAREN A B | 1995 | General and Comparative Endocrinology1995，52，98： | 1 |
| 16 | A taxonomy of model structures for economic evaluation of health technologies显示文摘 | Alan B Stephen EC Ruth D | 2006 | Health Econ2006，15，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Kinetic of insensitive aeetylchollnesterases in organophosphate-resistant tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) ( Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) 显示文摘 | FRANK J B ALAN L D | 1997 | Pest Biochem Phsiol1997，58，： | 1 |
| 18 | Cloning the soil metagenome: a strategy for accessing the genetic and functional diversity of uncultured microorganisms 显示文摘 | Michelle R R Paul R A Alan D B | 2000 | Applied and Environmental Microbiology2000，66，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Minimizing Radiation Dose for Pediatric Body Applications of Single-Detector Helical CT;Strategies at a Large Children's Hospital 显示文摘 | Lane F D Kathleen H E Alan S B et ol | 2001 | AJR2001，176，： | 1 |
| 20 | Targeted disruption of the α1,3-galactosytransferase gene in cloned pigs显示文摘 | Todd D V Jeremy B Shu-Hung Chen Carol J P Suyapa B Jeff A M Peter M J Kenneth J M Ashley E Lamborn Jamie L Cowell-Lucero Kevin D W Alan C Irina A P David L A | 2002 | Nat Biotechnology2002，20，3： | 1 |
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