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| 1 | Isolation, screening and identifi cation of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbial candidates for aflatoxin B_1 biodegradation显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the ability of Bacillus spp. as direct-fed microbials(DFM) to biodegrade al atoxin B1(AFB1) by using an in vitro digestive model simulating in vivo conditions.Methods: Sixty-nine Bacillus isolates were obtained from intestines, and soil samples were screened by using a selective media method against 0.25 and 1.00 μg/m L of AFB1 in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium. Plates were incubated at 37 °C and observed every two days for two weeks. Physiological properties of the three Bacillus spp. candidates were characterized biochemically and by 16 S r RNA sequence analyzes for identii cation. Tolerance to acidic p H, osmotic concentrations of Na Cl, bile salts were tested, and antimicrobial sensitivity proi les were also determined. Bacillus candidates were individually sporulated by using a solid fermentation method and combined. Spores were incorporated into 1 of 3 experimental feed groups: 1) Negative control group, with unmedicated starter broiler feed without AFB1; 2) Positive control group, with negative control feed contaminated with 0.01% AFB1; 3) DFM treated group, with positive control feed supplemented with 109 spores/g. After digestion time(3:15 h), supernatants and digesta were collected for high-performance liquid chromatography l uorescence detection analysis by triplicate.Results: Three out of those sixty-nine DFM candidates showed ability to biodegrade AFB1 in vitro based on growth as well as reduction of l uorescence and area of clearance around each colony in modii ed Czapek-Dox medium which was clearly visible under day light after 48 h of evaluation. Analysis of 16S-DNA identii ed the strains as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus megaterium and Bacillus subtilis. The three Bacillus strains were tolerant to acidic conditions(p H 2.0), tolerant to a high osmotic pressure(Na Cl at 6.5%), and were able to tolerate 0.037% bile salts after 24 h of incubation. No signii cant dif erences(P > 0.05) were observed in the concentrations of AFB1 in neither the supernatants nor digesta samples evaluated by highperformance liquid chromatography with l uorescence detection between positive control or DFM treated groups. Conclusions: In vitro digestion time was not enough to confirm biodegradation of AFB1. Further studies to evaluate the possible biodegradation ef ects of the BacillusDFM when continuously administered in experimentally contaminated feed with AFB1, are in progress. | Rosario Galarza-Seeber Juan David Latorre Xochitl Hernandez-Velasco Amanda Drake Wolfenden Lisa Renee Bielke Anita Menconi Billy Marshall Hargis Guillermo Tellez | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2015，5，9： | 3 |
| 2 | Estimation of tropical forest structural characteristics using large-footprint lidar显示文摘 | Jason B Drake Ralph O Dubayah David B Clark Robert G Knox J.Bryan Blair Michelle A Hofton Robin L Chazdon John F Weishampel Steve Prince | 2001 | Remote Sensing of Environment2001，，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Benefits of an inpatient pulmonary rehabilitation program: A prospective analysis显示文摘 | Deborah G. Stewart David F. Drake Charles Robertson Jennifer H. Marwitz Jeffrey S. Kreutzer David X. Cifu | 2001 | Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation2001，，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Estimation of tropical forest structural characteristics using large-footprint lidar显示文摘 | Jason Drake B Dubayah Ralph O Clark David B | 2002 | Remote Sensing of Environment2002，79，： | 1 |
| 5 | Revolutionary Advances in the Management of Traumatic Wounds in the Emergency Department During the Last 40 Years: Part II显示文摘 | Richard F. Edlich George T. Rodeheaver John G. Thacker Kant Y. Lin David B. Drake Shelley S. Mason Courtney A. Wack Margot E. Chase Curt Tribble William B. Long Robert J. Vissers | 2010 | Journal of Emergency Medicine2010，，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Technological Forecasting and Social Change显示文摘 | Drake David | 2000 | Navigating Complexity2000，64，1： | 1 |
| 7 | In- formation Sharing in and Across Government Agen- cies:The Role and Influence of Scientist,Politician, and Bureaucrat Subcultures显示文摘 | David B Drake Nieole A Steekler Marianne J Koch | 2004 | Social Science Com- puter Review2004，22，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Quantifying Bacterial Bioburden During Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: Does the Wound VAC Enhance Bacterial Clearance?显示文摘 | Tonja Weed Catherine Ratliff David B. Drake | 2004 | Annals of Plastic Surgery2004，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Information sharing in and across government agencies:the role and influence of scientist,politician,and bureaucrat subcultures social显示文摘 | David B Drake Nicole A Steckler Marianne J Koch | 2004 | Science Computer Review2004，22，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Information Sharing in and Across GovernmentAgencies:The Role and Influence of Scientist,Politician,and Bureaucrat Subcultures显示文摘 | David B Drake NieoleASteekler Marianne J Koch | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 11 | Evaluation of the bacterial diversity of Pressure ulcers using bTEFAP pyrosequencing显示文摘 | Drake M David E Eric R | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 12 | Navigating complexity显示文摘 | Fred Phillips David Drake | 2000 | Technological Forecasting and Social Change2000，64，1： | 1 |
| 13 | On the representations of an abstract lattice as the family of closed sets of a topological space显示文摘 | David Drake W. J. Thron | 1965 | Transactions of the American Mathematical Society1965，，1： | 1 |
| 14 | The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO)显示文摘 | James R. Lemen Alan M. Title David J. Akin Paul F. Boerner Catherine Chou Jerry F. Drake Dexter W. Duncan Christopher G. Edwards Frank M. Friedlaender Gary F. Heyman Neal E. Hurlburt Noah L. Katz Gary D. Kushner Michael Levay Russell W. Lindgren Dnyanesh | 2012 | Solar Physics (-)2012，，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Infor- mation Sharing in and Across Government Agencies: The Role and Influence of Scientist, Politician and Bureaucrat Subcultures显示文摘 | David B Drake Nicole A Steckler Marianne J Koch | 2004 | Social Science Computer Review2004，22，1： | 1 |
| 16 | 生态、设计、协和显示文摘专家和建筑师强调,提高现代城市的可持续性刻不容缓,采用关于方法类型的三个著名研究案例作为必要引证. | Drake Hawthorne Thomas Auer Martin Haas David Cook Stefan Behnisch | 2007 | 经济导报(主办城市)2007，，2： | 0 |
| 17 | Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions显示文摘Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral bacteria.In this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in periodontitis.Minimal inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against P.gingivalis,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely important.Electron micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma membrane.This information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with P.gingivalis lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial activity.Utilizing a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique P.gingivalis stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and virulence.Prophylactic or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces. | Carol L Fischer Katherine S Walters David R Drake Deborah V Dawson Derek R Blanchette Kim A Brogden Philip W Wertz | 2013 | International Journal of Oral Science2013，5，3： | 0 |
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