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| 1 | GRADE指南:Ⅷ.证据质量评价--间接性显示文摘直接证据来自直接比较我们关注的干预措施用于我们关注的患者人群,并测量患者重要结局的研究。间接证据可由以下4种方式之一产生。第一,患者可能与我们关注的患者不同(适用性一词常用于这类间接性)。第二,所检验的干预措施可能与我们关注的干预措施不同。有关患者和干预措施间接性的决策取决于对生物或社会因素差异是否大到可能使效应尺度出现预期的较大差异的考虑。第三,结果可能有别于最初设定的结局指标——如替代结果本身不重要,但测量之是基于替代结果的变化反映患者重要结局变化这一假设。第四类间接性在概念上与前三类不同,发生于临床医生必须在未经直接比较的两种干预措施间做出选择时。这种情况下比较治疗方案需要特定的统计方法,并根据患者人群、联合干预措施、结局测量指标及备选干预措施试验方法的差异程度,将证据级别降低1或2级。 | Gordon Guyatt Andrew D.Oxman Regina Kunz James Woodcock Jan Brozek Mark Helfand Pablo Alonso-Coello Yngve Falck-Ytter Roman Jaeschke Gunn Vist Elie A.Akl Piet N Post Susan Norris Joerg Meerpohl Mona Nasser 代表GRADE工作组 李幼平 杨晓妍 李鸿浩 | 2011 | 中国循证医学杂志2011，11，12： | 30 |
| 2 | Osteoprotegerin Ligand Is a Cytokine that Regulates Osteoclast Differentiation and Activation显示文摘 | D.L Lacey E Timms H.-L Tan M.J Kelley C.R Dunstan T Burgess R Elliott A Colombero G Elliott S Scully H Hsu J Sullivan N Hawkins E Davy C Capparelli A Eli Y.-X Qian S Kaufman I Sarosi V Shalhoub G Senaldi J Guo J Delaney W.J Boyle | 1998 | Cell1998，，2： | 4 |
| 3 | Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy显示文摘We describe a patient with asymptomatic apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy(AHCM)who later developed cardiac arrhythmias,and briefly discuss the diagnostic modalities,differential diagnosis and treatment option for this condition.AHCM is a rare form of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which classically involves the apex of the left ventricle.AHCM can be an incidental finding,or patients may present with chest pain,palpitations,dyspnea,syncope,atrial fibrillation,myocardial infarction,embolic events,ventricular fibrillation and congestive heart failure.AHCM is frequently sporadic,but autosomal dominant inheritance has been reported in few families.The most frequent and classic electrocardiogram findings are giant negative T-waves in the precordial leads which are found in the majority of the patients followed by left ventricular(LV)hypertrophy.A transthoracic echocardiogram is the initial diagnostic tool in the evaluation of ACHM and shows hypertrophy of the LV apex.AHCM may mimic other conditions such as LV apical cardiac tumors,LV apical thrombus,isolated ventricular non-compaction,endomyocardial fibrosis and coronary artery disease.Other modalities,including left ventriculography,multislice spiral computed tomography,and cardiac magnetic resonance imagings are also valuable tools and are frequently used to differentiate AHCH from other conditions.Medications used to treat symptomatic patients with AHCM include verapamil,beta-blockers and antiarrhythmic agents such as amiodarone and procainamide.An implantable cardioverter defibrillator is recommended for high risk patients. | Syed Wamique Yusuf Jaya D Bathina Jose Banchs Elie N Mouhayar Iyad N Daher | 2011 | World Journal of Cardiology2011，3，7： | 4 |
| 4 | Sequential analysis of helminth egg output in human stool samples following albendazole and praziquantel administration显示文摘 | Alexandra U. Scherrer Marita K. Sj?berg Alphonse Allangba Mahamadou Traoré Laurent K. Lohourignon Andres B. Tschannen Eliézer K. N'Goran Jürg Utzinger | 2008 | Acta Tropica2008，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Production, Properties, and some new applications of hitin and its derivatives显示文摘 | ELI SYNOWlECKI J AI-KHATEEB N A | 2003 | Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr2003，43，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Advances in meniscal tissue engineering显示文摘 | Eli N Oragui E Khan W | 2011 | Ortop Traumatol Rehabil2011，13，： | 1 |
| 7 | Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel against Schistosoma mansoni in a community of western C?te d’Ivoire显示文摘 | Giovanna Raso Eliézer K N'Goran Abale Toty Anne Luginbühl Cynthia A Adjoua Norbert T Tian-Bi Isaac I Bogoch Penelope Vounatsou Marcel Tanner Jürg Utzinger | 2003 | Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene2003，，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Antecedents of dental anxiety :learnedresponses versus personality traits 显示文摘 | Eli I Uziel N Baht R | 1997 | Cammunity Dent Oral Epidemiol1997，25，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Antecedents of dental anxiety:learned responses versus personality traits显示文摘 | Uziel N Baht R | 1997 | Commnity Dent Oral Epidemiol1997，25，： | 1 |
| 10 | The efficacy and applicability of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme for patients with COPD in a secondarycare community hospital 显示文摘 | Eli A Borekci S Ovayolu N | 2008 | Respirology2008，13，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Understanding of reservoir gas compositions in a natural case using stepwise semi-open artificial maturation显示文摘 | MICHELS R ENJELVIN-RAOULT N ELIE M MANSUY L FAUE P OUDIN J-L | 2002 | Marine and Petroleum Geology2002，19，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Therapeutic drug moni- toring of voriconazole after intravenous administration in infants and children with primary immunodeficiency显示文摘 | GERIN M MAHLAOUI N ELIE C | 2011 | Ther Drug Monit2011，33，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Understanding of reservoir gas composition in a natural case using stepwise semi-open artificial maturation显示文摘 | Michels R Enjelvin-Raouh N Elie M | 2002 | Marine and Petroleum Geology2002，19，： | 1 |
| 14 | The prognostic significance of preoperative serum CA 19‐9 in patients with resectable gastric carcinoma: comparison with CEA显示文摘 | Nüvi?tDuraker Ali? Naci??eli?k | 2001 | J Surg Oncol2001，，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Reduced light reflection of textured multicrystalline silicon via NPD for solar cells applications显示文摘 | Eli E Y Gordon N Starosvetsky D | 2006 | Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells2006，90，： | 1 |
| 16 | In vitro models of collagen biomineralization显示文摘 | Fabio N Alexander J Eli D | 2013 | Journal of Structural Biology2013，183，： | 1 |
| 17 | OPG ligand is a cytokine that regulates osteoclast differentiation and activation 显示文摘 | Timms E Tan HL Kelley MJ Dunstan CR Burgess T Elliott R Colombero A Elliott G Scully S Hsu H Sullivan J Hawkins N Davy E Capparelli C Eli A Qian YX Kaufman S Sarosi I Shalhoub V Senaldi G Guo J Delaney J Boyle WJ | 1998 | Cell1998，93，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Automatic framework gen-eration for hard real-time applications显示文摘 | IRFAN H BECHIR Z ELIE N | | Innovations0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Pregnancyoutcome in women with prosthetic heart valves 显示文摘 | ANWAR H N ELIE M H HASAN M A | 2004 | Am J ObstetGyne2004，191，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Improved recovery after music and therapeutic suggestions during general anaesthesia:a double-blind randomised controlled trial 显示文摘 | Eli Nilsson U Rawal N Unestahl LE | 2001 | Aeta Anaesthesiol Stand2001，45，： | 1 |
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