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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Captopril: An update of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic use in hypertension and congestive heart failure显示文摘 | Brogden Rex N Todd Peter A Sorkin Eugene M | 1988 | Drugs1988，36，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Vorapaxar for secondary prevention of thrombotic events for patients with previous myocardial infarction: a prespecified subgroup analysis of the TRA 2°P-TIMI 50 trial显示文摘 | Benjamin M Scirica Marc P Bonaca Eugene Braunwald Gaetano M De Ferrari Daniel Isaza Basil S Lewis Felix Mehrhof Piera A Merlini Sabina A Murphy Marc S Sabatine Michal Tendera Frans Van de Werf Robert Wilcox David A Morrow | 2012 | The Lancet . 2012 (9850)2012，，9850： | 1 |
| 4 | Separable gating mechanisms in a mammalian pacemaker channel 显示文摘 | Vincenzo M Catherine P Eugene A | 2002 | J Biol Chem2002，277，35： | 1 |
| 5 | Mathematical heat transfer model for solidification of continuously cast steel slabs显示文摘 | Eugene A M | 1967 | Transations of The Metallurgical Society of Prime1967，，239： | 1 |
| 6 | Comparison of arsenate and vanadate as inhibitors or uncouplers of mitochondrial and glycolytic energy metabolism显示文摘 | Eugene G D Robert A M | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Human myoblast genome therapy显示文摘Human Myoblast Genome Therapy (HMGT) is a platform technology of cell transplantation, nuclear transfer, and tissue engineering. Unlike stem cells, myoblasts are differentiated, immature cells destined to become muscles. Myoblasts cultured from satellite cells of adult muscle biopsies survive, develop, and function to revitalize degenerative muscles upon transplantation. Injection injury activates regeneration of host myofibers that fuse with the engrafted myoblasts, sharing their nuclei in a common gene pool of the syncytium. Thus, through nuclear transfer and complementation, the normal human genome can be transferred into muscles of patients with genetic disorders to achieve phenotype repair or disease prevention. Myoblasts are safe and efficient gene transfer vehicles endogenous to muscles that constitute 50% of body weight. Results of over 280 HMGT procedures on Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) subjects in the past 15 years demonstrated absolute safety. Myoblast-injected DMD muscles showed improved histology. Strength increase at 18 months post-operatively averaged 123%. In another application of HMGT on ischemic cardiomyopathy, the first human myoblast transfer into porcine myocardium revealed that it was safe and effective. Clinical trials on approximately 220 severe cardiomyopathy patients in 15 countries showed a <10% mortality. Most subjects received autologous cells implanted on the epicardial surface during coronory artery bypass graft, or injected on the endomyocardial surface percutaneously through guiding catheters. Significant increases in left ventricular ejection fraction, wall thickness, and wall motion have been reported, with reduction in perfusion defective areas, angina, and shortness of breath. As a new modality of treatment for disease in the skeletal muscle or myocardium, HMGT emerged as safe and effective. Large randomized multi-center trials are under way to confirm these preliminary results. The future of HMGT is bright and exciting. | Peter K Law Danlin M Law Eugene KW Sim Khawja H Haider Margarita N Vakhromeeva Ilia I Berishvili Leo A Bockeria Choong-Chin Liew | 2006 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2006，3，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Oxygen isotopic composition of soil water: Quantifying evaporation and transpiration显示文摘 | Jean C.C Hsieh Oliver A Chadwick Eugene F Kelly Samuel M Savin | 1998 | Geoderma1998，，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Features of airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis显示文摘 | Jens U Ponikau David A Sherris Gail M Kephart Eugene B Kern Thomas A Gaffey James E Tarara Hirohito Kita | 2003 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2003，，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Jefferson fathered slave's last child显示文摘 | EUGENE A FOSTER M A JOBLING P G | 1998 | Nature1998，，396： | 1 |
| 11 | Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (TRITON-TIMI 38): double-blind, randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Gilles Montalescot Stephen D Wiviott Eugene Braunwald Sabina A Murphy C Michael Gibson Carolyn H McCabe Elliott M Antman | 2009 | The Lancet . 2009 (9665)2009，，9665： | 1 |
| 12 | Active microelectronic chip devices which utilize controlled electrophoretic fields for multiplex DNA hybridization and other genomic application显示文摘 | Forster A H Eugene Tu | 2000 | Electrophoresis2000，21，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Myoglobin, creatine-kinase-MB and cardiac troponin-I 60-minute ratios predict infarct-related artery patency after thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Milenko J Tanasijevic Christopher P Cannon Elliott M Antman Donald R Wybenga George A Fischer Christine Grudzien C.Michael Gibson James W Winkelman Eugene Braunwald | 1999 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology1999，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Using conjoint analysis to detect discrimination: Revealing covert preferences from overt choices 显示文摘 | Eugene M Caruso Dobromir A Rahnev Mahzarin R Banaji | 2009 | Social Cognition2009，27，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Pestacin:a 1,3-dihydro isobenzofuran from Pestalotiopsis microspora possessing antioxidant and antimycotic activities显示文摘 | Atta M A Eugene J F | 2003 | Tetrahedron2003，59，： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparison of arsenate and vanadate as inhibitors or uncouplers of mitochondrial and glycolytie energy metabolism显示文摘 | Eugene G D Robert A M | 1973 | Biochemistry1973，12，： | 1 |
| 17 | Photovoltaic characterization of concentrator solar cells by localized irradiation显示文摘 | Eugene A K Jeffrey M G Wondesen T | 2006 | J Appl Phys2006，100，04： | 1 |
| 18 | Dual emphasis and the long-term financial impact of customer satisfaction显示文摘 | Vikas M Eugene W A | 2005 | Marketing Science2005，24，4： | 1 |
| 19 | The importance of combined multisegmental Pressure and Doppler flow velocity studies in the diagnosis of peripheral arterial occlusive disease显示文摘 | Coel M Eugene F | 1987 | Surger1987，84，： | 1 |
| 20 | Detection of Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haplosporidia: Haplosporidiidae) in oysters by PCR amplification显示文摘 | Nancy A S Mark E S Eugene M B | 1995 | Dis Aquat Org1995，23，： | 1 |
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