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| 1 | Risk for emerging bipolar disorder, variants, and symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, now grown up显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of bipolar disorder(BD) and sub-threshold symptoms in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) through 14 years' follow-up, when participants were between 21-24 years old.METHODS: First, we examined rates of BD type Ⅰ?and Ⅱ diagnoses in youth participating in the NIMH-funded Multimodal Treatment Study of ADHD(MTA). We used the diagnostic interview schedule for children(DISC), administered to both parents(DISC-P) and youth(DISCY). We compared the MTA study subjects with ADHD(n = 579) to a local normative comparison group(LNCG, n = 289) at 4 different assessment points: 6, 8, 12, and 14 years of follow-ups. To evaluate the bipolar variants, we compared total symptom counts(TSC) of DSM manic and hypomanic symptoms that were generated by DISC in ADHD and LNCG subjects. Then we sub-divided the TSC into pathognomonic manic(PM) and non-specific manic(NSM) symptoms. We compared the PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG at each assessment point and over time. We also evaluated the irritability as category A2 manic symptom in both groups and over time. Finally, we studied the irritability symptom in correlation with PM and NSM in ADHD and LNCG subjects.RESULTS: DISC-generated BD diagnosis did not differ significantly in rates between ADHD(1.89%) and LNCG 1.38%). Interestingly, no participant met BD diagnosis more than once in the 4 assessment points in 14 years. However, on the symptom level, ADHD subjects reported significantly higher mean TSC scores: ADHD 3.0; LNCG 1.7; P < 0.001. ADHD status was associated with higher mean NSM: ADHD 2.0 vs LNCG 1.1; P < 0.0001. Also, ADHD subjects had higher PM symptoms than LNCG, with PM means over all time points of 1.3 ADHD; 0.9 LNCG; P = 0.0001. Examining both NSM and PM, ADHD status associated with greater NSM than PM. However, Over 14 years, the NSM symptoms declined and changed to PM over time(df 3, 2523; F = 20.1; P < 0.0001). Finally, Irritability(BD DSM criterion-A2) rates were significantly higher in ADHD than LNCG(χ2 = 122.2, P < 0.0001), but irritability was associated more strongly with NSM than PM(df 3, 2538; F = 43.2; P < 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Individuals with ADHD do not appear to be at significantly greater risk for developing BD, but do show higher rates of BD symptoms, especially NSM. The greater linkage of irritability to NSM than to PM suggests caution when making BD diagnoses based on irritability alone as one of 2(A-level) symptoms for BD diagnosis, particularly in view of its frequent presentation with other psychopathologies. | Ahmed Z Elmaadawi Peter S Jensen L Eugene Arnold Brooke SG Molina Lily Hechtman Howard B Abikoff Stephen P Hinshaw Jeffrey H Newcorn Laurence Lee Greenhill James M Swanson Cathryn A Galanter | 2015 | World Journal of Psychiatry2015，5，4： | 3 |
| 2 | Sedation-risk-free colonoscopy for minimizing the burden of colorectal cancer screening显示文摘Unsedated colonoscopy is available worldwide,but is not a routine option in the United States(US).We conducted a literature review supplemented by our experience and expert commentaries to provide data to support the use of unsedated colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening.Medline data from 1966 to 2009 were searched to identify relevant articles on the subject.Data were summarized and co-authors provided critiques as well as accounts of unsedated colonoscopy for screening and surveillance.Diagnostic colonoscopy was initially dev eloped as an unsedated procedure.Procedure-re lated discomfort led to wide adoption of sedation in the US,although unsedated colonoscopy remains the usual practice elsewhere.The increased use of colonoscopy for colorectal cancer screening in healthy,asymptomatic individuals suggests a reass-essment of the burden of sedation in colonoscopy for screening is appropriate in the US for lowering costs and minimizing complications for patients.A water method developed to minimize discomfort has shown promise to enhance outcomes of unsedated colonoscopy.The use of scheduled,unsedated colono scopy in the US appears to be feasible for colorectal cancer screening.Studies to assess its applicability in diverse practice settings deserve to be conducted and supported. | Felix W Leung Abdulrahman M Aljebreen Emilio Brocchi Eugene B Chang Wei-Chih Liao Takeshi Mizukami Melvin Schapiro Konstantinos Triantafyllou | 2010 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，2，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Tissue engineering with chondrogenically differentiated human embryonic stem cells显示文摘 | Eugene J Koaya B Gwen M B | 2007 | Stem Cells2007，，25： | 1 |
| 4 | ACC/AHA 2002 guidline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | Eugene B Raymond J Elliott M | 2002 | J Am Coll Cardiol2002，40，7： | 1 |
| 5 | Continuum description of a contact infection spread in a SIR model显示文摘 | Eugene B Postnikov Igor M Sokolov | 2007 | Mathematical Biosciences2007，208，1： | 1 |
| 6 | ACC/AHA 2002 guidline up date for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST- segment elevation myocardial infarction 显示文摘 | Eugene B Raymond J Elliott M el al | 2002 | J Am Coll Cardiol2002，40，7： | 1 |
| 7 | The Prevalence of Depression in a Cohort of the very Dlderly显示文摘 | Deborah M G Claire B Eugene S P | 1995 | Journal of Affective Disorders1995，34，： | 1 |
| 8 | Eating quality standards for apples based on consumer preferences显示文摘 | F Roger Harker Eugene M Kupferman Anna B Matin | 2008 | Postharvest Biology and Technology2008，50，： | 1 |
| 9 | Roles of ZO--1, occluding and actin in oxidant--induced barrier disruption 显示文摘 | Mark W M Margaret M W Eugene B C | 2006 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2006，290，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Chang roles of ZO-1,occludin,and actin in oxidant-induced barrier disruption显示文摘 | Musch M W Walsh-Reitz M M Eugene B | 2006 | Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol2006，290，2： | 1 |
| 11 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction:Executive Summary and Recommendtions显示文摘 | Elliott M John W | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，5： | 1 |
| 12 | Plasma carotenoids and vitamin C concentrations and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition12345显示文摘 | Martine M Ros H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita Ellen Kampman Katja KH Aben Frederike L Büchner Eugene HJM Jansen Carla H van Gils Lars Egevad Kim Overvad Anne Tj?nneland Nina Roswall Marie Christine Boutron-Ruault Marina Kvaskoff Florence Perquier Rudolf Kaaks Jen | 2012 | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition2012，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | ACC/AHA 2002 guidline update for the management of patients with unstableangina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene B Raymond J Elliott M | 2002 | J Coll Cardiol2002，40，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Features of airway remodeling and eosinophilic inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis显示文摘 | Jens U Ponikau David A Sherris Gail M Kephart Eugene B Kern Thomas A Gaffey James E Tarara Hirohito Kita | 2003 | The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology2003，，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Effects of defaunation on microbial activites in the rumen of rams consuming a mixed diet (freshi digitaria decumbens grass and concentrate)显示文摘 | Eugene M Archimede H Michalet-doreau B | 2004 | INRA EDP Science2004，53，： | 1 |
| 16 | Development of a GIS-based spill management information system 显示文摘 | Paul M H Eugene J L Edsel B D | 2004 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2004，112，： | 1 |
| 17 | ACC/AHA 2002 guidline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene B Raymond J Elliott M | 2002 | J Am Coll Cardiol2002，40，7： | 1 |
| 18 | ACC/AHA guidelines for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction :executive summary and recommendtions 显示文摘 | Eugene B Elliott M John W | 2000 | Circulation2000，102，5： | 1 |
| 19 | ACC/ A HA 2002 guidline update for the management of patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction显示文摘 | Eugene B Ragmond J Elliott M | 2002 | J Am Coll Cardial2002，40，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Detection of Haplosporidium nelsoni (Haplosporidia: Haplosporidiidae) in oysters by PCR amplification显示文摘 | Nancy A S Mark E S Eugene M B | 1995 | Dis Aquat Org1995，23，： | 1 |
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