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1Protective effects of anti-ricin A-chain RNA aptamer against ricin toxicity显示文摘AIM: To investigate the therapeutic potential of an RNA ligand (aptamer) specific for the catalytic ricin A-chain (RTA), the protective effects of a 31-nucleo-tide RNA aptamer (31RA), which formed a high affi nity complex with RTA, against ricin-induced toxicity in cellbased luciferase translation and cell cytotoxicity assays were evaluated. METHODS: To test the therapeutic potential of anti-RTA aptamers in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) AA8 cells stably transfected with a tetracycline regulat-able promoter, ricin ribotoxicity was measured using luciferase and ricin-induced cytotoxicity was ascertained by MTS cell proliferation assay with tetrazolium compound [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium]. RESULTS: Inhibition of protein synthesis by ricin in CHO AA8 cells resulted in diminished luciferase activity and treatment with polyclonal antibody against degly-cosylated RTA (dgA) neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity as measured by MTS assay. The 31RA anti-RTA aptamer inhibited the translation of luciferase mRNA in cell-free reticulocyte translation as- say. 31RA aptamer also partially neutralized the inhibitory effects of ricin on luciferase activity and partially protected against ricin-induced cytotoxicity in CHO AA8 cells. CONCLUSION: We have shown that anti-RTA RNA aptamer can protect against ricin ribotoxicity in cellbased luciferase and cell cytotoxicity assays. Hence, RNA aptamer that inhibits RTA enzymatic activity represents a novel class of nucleic acid inhibitor that has the potential to be developed as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ricin intoxication.Shaoan Fan Feng Wu Frank Martiniuk Martha L Hale Andrew D Ellington Kam-Meng Tchou-Wong 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,41:3
2世界农业中硫肥研究和应用显示文摘近20年来,作物生产中硫肥的研究和经营管理已在世界各地开展起来.由于SO2排放量的降低,高效复合肥作为主要肥料的施用,以及农业生产更加集约化,缺硫已日益成为大多数农业体系中持续发展的重要议题.在北美,缺硫常出现在温带地区,因为那里降水和灌水能提供的硫很少,况且黄土和岩浆岩母质发育的土壤本底含硫量就很低.有25%的缺N土壤,也缺S.这些土壤除非配施了S肥,否则,仅施N肥的效果很低.北美在作物施硫效应、土壤测定方法的发展,以及S肥施用的推广等方面,都取得了相当多的成果.在加拿大和美国施用硫11~56 kg/ha已在实际生产中广泛采用.在欧洲,由于SO2排放量的降低以及农业集约化经营,包括高效无硫复合肥的施用,使欧洲农业生产走向恶化.欧洲北部农作区的缺硫已成为耕地作物的障碍因子.根据一项采用土壤、大气沉降和气象资料所设计的质量评估模式显示,在英国(UK)有11%的土地处于严重缺硫区,22%属中等缺硫区.如果在该国SO2排放量到2003年降低到1986年排放量的60%,那么,将有23%的农田成为严重缺硫区,27%成为中等缺硫区,这实际上相当于该国的全部可耕地.亚洲农业对硫肥需求量的增加将是最高的.近20年来通过不断增加N肥的用量来加强农业生产的集约化,导致了营养的不平衡,使作物广泛缺硫.大量试验结果表明,在中国主要农作区大约有30%的土壤(大约相当于3000万公顷的面积)是缺硫的.印度在研究土壤S状况和农业中硫肥施用技术方面取得了很大进展.目前,印度有30%的土壤缺硫.40多种大田作物施用硫肥有积极效果;15个州130个地区的5100万公顷(相当于印度16900万公顷耕地的30%)基本上肯定在不同程度上缺硫.对一些州的主要作物,硫肥的特别推荐用量是20~50 kg/ha.施用硫肥可增加产量,改善品质,其经济效益一般都超过了硫肥成本.这种产投比的提高,最终增加了生产效率和农民的经济收入.1995年全世界通过施肥而进入土壤中的硫仅为910万吨,其中73%是以硫铵和普钙中的S施入的.目前,对每年世界硫亏缺量的估计表明作物生产中硫的需求量增加了730万吨.如果粮食生产继续按现有速度增长,那么,在生产增长和继续需硫的情况下,估计世界硫肥市场的年平均增长率将会是3.7%,到2007年达到1050万吨.D L Messick M X Fan 2000安徽农业大学学报2000,27,z1:2
3中国农业持续发展中的硫肥及其重要性显示文摘在现在农业生产中,增施肥料不失为一个作物增产的战略措施.硫和N、P、K一样,是植物不可缺乏的营养元素.近年来在中国卓有成效的研究,已经取得了显著的成果.现已了解到缺硫正越来越成为农业持续增产中的限制因子之一.1994年以来,已经在17个省进行了110个田间硫肥试验.为了查清土壤硫肥力状况,已对10000多个农田土壤样品进行分析.结果表明,在中国,大约有30%土壤缺硫.特别是安徽、黑龙江、河南、江西、吉林、辽宁、陕西和云南等省,土壤缺硫面积较大.农业土壤的缺硫不仅仅由于土壤本身性质(如质地和有机质含量)所决定,而且与施肥和种植制度也密切相关.在中国,施用硫肥已明显地提高了稻、麦、玉米、马铃薯、大豆、花生、油菜、棉花、蕃茄、茶叶、甘蔗和甜菜等主要作物的产量.从总的情况来看,旱地作物,如花生、大豆、玉米、烟草、油料和糖料作物施硫效果更好.硫肥的施用也改进了作物品质,增加了它们的市场价值.这一点对油菜、甘蔗和茶叶来说,意义尤为重要.对中国S平衡的分析表明,1995年S亏缺量为90万吨,占总需求量的27%.到2010年,S亏缺量增加到230万吨.这些分析指出,随着农业生产的不断提高和无硫高效肥料的继续施用,中国农业中严重缺硫问题将不可避免地发生.因此,只有从有效地提供S肥的战略高度出发,才能保持农业的持续发展.据推测,在未来的10年中,中国的硫肥使用将会显著增加,包括S在内的平衡施肥,将对中国农业作出更大贡献.M X Fan D L Messick 2000安徽农业大学学报2000,27,z1:2
4Time-dependent fundamental solutions for homogeneous diffusion problems显示文摘Young D L Tsai C C Murugesan K Fan C M Chen C W 2004Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements2004,28,:1
5Moving reflector type micro optical switch for high-power transfer in a MEMS-based safety and arming system显示文摘Cochran K R Fan L DeVoe D L 2004J Microryzech Microeng2004,14,:1
6Aeta Mater显示文摘Fan D Chert L Q 199745(2): 6111997,45,2:1
7Geochronology and geochemistry of the Hegenshan ophiofitic complex: Implications for late-stage tectonic evolution of the Inner Mongolia-Daxinganling Orogenic Belt, China显示文摘Miao L C Fan W M Liu D Y 2008Journal of Asian Each Sciences2008,32,:1
8On the spaces Lp and wm'p(S)显示文摘Fan X L Zhao D 2001J Math Anal Appl2001,263,:1
9The Berlin definition of ARDS: an expanded rationa lejustification, and supplementary material显示文摘FERGUSON N D FAN E CAMPOROTA L 2012Inten- sive Care Med2012,38,:1
10A CDM-based study of fatigue-creep interaction behavior显示文摘Fan Z C Chen X D Chen L 2009International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping2009,86,9:1
11Clinical features of Hirayama disease in mainland China 显示文摘Zhou B Chen L Fan D 2010Amyotroph Lateral Scler2010,11,12:1
12The TIL commissioning and performance显示文摘X Zhang W Zheng X Wei F Jing Z Sui K Zheng Q Xu X Yuan X Jiang L Yang P Ma M Li J Wang D Hu S He F Li Z Peng B Feng H Zhou L Guo X Li X Zhang J Su Q Zhu H Yu R Zhao C Ma H He D Fan W Zhang 2008Journal of Physics: Conference Series2008,,3:1
13Nutritional composition of five cultivars of chinese jujube 显示文摘Li J W Fan L P Ding S D 2007Food Chemistry2007,103,:1
14Nutritional composition ot- five cultivars of Chinese jujube 显示文摘Li J W Fan L P Ding S D 2007Food Chemistry2007,103,2:1
15High-power optical microswitch based on direct fiber actuation显示文摘Cochran K R Fan L DeVoe D L 2005Sens Actuators A: Phys2005,119,2:1
16Diffusion-controlled grain growth intwo-phase solids显示文摘Fan D Chen L Q 1997Acta Materialia1997,45,:1
17The current status of S in Chinese agriculture显示文摘Fan M X Messick D L 1997Sulphur in Agriculture1997,20,:1
18显示文摘Tang X D Gao L C Fan X H 2007J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem2007,45,:1
19Evaluation of potentialreductions in carbon emissions in chinese provinces basedon environmental DEA 显示文摘GUO X D ZHU L FAN Y 2011Energy Policy2011,39,:1
20Natural variation in GS5 plays an important role in regulating grain size and yield in rice显示文摘Li Y B Fan C C Xing Y Z Jiang Y H Luo L J Sun L Shao D Xu C J Li X H Xiao J H He Y Q Zhang Q F 2011Nature genetics2011,2,43:1
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