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| 1 | Axonal autophagy during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve显示文摘BACKGROUND: The removal of degenerated axonal debris during Wallerian degeneration is very important for nerve regeneration. However, the mechanism by which debris is removed is not been completely understood. Considerable controversy remains as to the clearance pathway and cells that are involved. OBJECTIVE: To investigate axonal autophagy during removal of degenerated axonal debris by transecting the sciatic nerve in a rat Wallerian degeneration model. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Experimental neuropathological analysis. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University between January and June 2005. MATERIALS: Fifty-four adult, Wistar rats of either sex, weighing 180-250 g, were obtained from the Laboratory Animal Service Center of the Southern Medical University. Animals were randomly divided into nine groups of six rats. METHODS: Wallerian degeneration was induced by transecting the rat sciatic nerve, and tissue samples from the distal stump were obtained 0.2, 0.4, 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 10, and 15 days post-transection. Ultrathin sections were prepared for electron microscopy to study ultrastructure and enzyme cytochemistry staining. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Ultrastructure (axon body, autophagic body, and cystoskeleton) of axons and myelin sheaths observed with electron microscopy; acidic phosphatase activity detected by Gomori staining using electron microscopy. RESULTS: The major changes of degenerating axons after transection were axoplasm swelling and separation of axons from their myelin sheath between five hours and two days post-transection. At four days post-transection, the axoplasm condensed and axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath, forming dissociative axon bodies. Vacuoles of different sizes formed in axons during the early phase after lesion. Larger dissociative axon bodies were formed when the axons were completely separated from the myelin sheath during a late phase. The axolemma surrounding the axon body was derived from the neuronal cell membrane; the condensed axoplasm contained many autophagic vacuoles at all levels. A large number of neurofilaments, microtubules, and microfilaments were arranged in a criss-cross pattern. The autophagic vacuoles exhibited acidic phosphatase activity. Axonal bodies were absorbed after degradation from day 7 onwards, and macrophages were observed rarely in the formative cavity. CONCLUSION: The degenerating axons were cleared mainly by axonal autophagy and Schwann cell phagocytosis during regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve, and macrophages exhibited only an assisting function. | Kangrong Lu Zhongxian Piao Zhenxi Liu Weiwang Gu Wanshan Wang Yingjie Piao | 2008 | Neural Regeneration Research2008，3，6： | 2 |
| 2 | Tetracycline-controlled transcriptional regulation systems: countermeasures to eliminate basal transgene leaks in Tet-based systems显示文摘为了在转基因的鼠标精确地分析任何给定的 fransgene 的函数,并且生产,可信的转基因的动物各种各样的人的疾病当模特儿(精确并且写实地模仿国王疾病状态) ,有条件地对在动物的 contiol 基因表示有能力是批评的。在特定的时间在限制房间或纸巾“上”或“离开”交换基因表示的能力为处于健康和疾病探索基因功能允许 Lnprecedented 灵活性。在可诱导的 transgene 表示上开创工作导致了满足这个标准的控制基因表达式系统的一个 de 变化的开发。在他们之中,四圜素可诱导的系统(例如 Tet 离开并且在 Tet 上) dely,经常并且成功地在 vitro 并且在 vivo 被采用了。然而,这些系统不总是紧张却漏;有时漏是重要的。在一些情形,产生漏缝是可接受的,但是在其它,它是更有问题的。不过,这些系统面对这劣势,我。e。在 vitro 并且在 vivo 的基础 transgene 漏,几条途径,用改进版本包括(例如 rtTA2 S -M2 和 rtTA2 rtTA 的 s -S2),控制四圜素的 transcriptional silencer ( tTS ),在应答的部件或它的联合的一个理想的最小的倡导者,被开发了有效地避免这限制。在这评论,我们讨论可得到的 counteimeasures 消除基础 transgene 漏 frcrn 基于 Tet 的系统。 | XIAO Dong SUN Yan GU Weiwang CHEN Xigu | 2007 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2007，17，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Production of transgenic pigs over-expressing theantiviral gene Mx1显示文摘The myxovirus resistance gene (Mx1) has a broad spectrum of antiviral activities. It is therefore an interestingcandidate gene to improve disease resistance in farm animals. In this study, we report the use of somatic cellnuclear transfer (SCNT) to produce transgenic pigs over-expressing the Mx1 gene. These transgenic pigs expressapproximately 15–25 times more Mx1 mRNA than non-transgenic pigs, and the protein level of Mx1 was alsomarkedly enhanced. We challenged fibroblast cells isolated from the ear skin of transgenic and control pigs withinfluenza A virus and classical swine fever virus (CFSV). Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed a profounddecrease of influenza A proliferation in Mx1 transgenic cells. Growth kinetics showed an approximately 10-foldreduction of viral copies in the transgenic cells compared to non-transgenic controls. Additionally, we found thatthe Mx1 transgenic cells were more resistant to CSFV infection in comparison to non-transgenic cells. These resultsdemonstrate that the Mx1 transgene can protect against viral infection in cells of transgenic pigs and indicate thatthe Mx1 transgene can be harnessed to develop disease-resistant pigs. | Quanmei Yan Huaqiang Yang Dongshan Yang Bentian Zhao Zhen Ouyang Zhaoming Liu Nana Fan Hongsheng Ouyang Weiwang Gu Liangxue Lai | 2014 | Cell Regeneration2014，3，1： | 2 |
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